Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-22T17:26:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 amelia.pdf: 1094429 bytes, checksum: db34c70d99738757b179817c9496b86b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-03-22 / Historic changes in Western societies have led to an increase in the use of psychoactive substances, mainly among young people. Access to drugs has been facilitated by the development of the chemical industry, which has allowed the production of heroin, cocaine, morphine, ecstasy, crack and others capable of generating strong dependence. Progress in the transnational industrialization and sale of drugs has made the improper use of drugs a public health problem. Crack is a drug that has a rapid effect, produces intense disturbances and various forms of harm to its users, their family and communities, including loss of life. This study of youth involved with crack aims to contribute to a better understanding about this drug based on the experience of users, and to support prevention and treatment actions. The study found that crack has had an historic importance because it has called the attention of civil society and the State to the issue of drug use, given that chemical dependence does not begin with crack, but with other drugs that are much more highly consumed, such as alcohol, tobacco and marijuana. The study offers considerations about chemical dependency to crack, the related use of other drugs, relations of users with schools, family, friends, religion, leisure, involvement in situations of risk and the presence of social policies in the living experiences of students and users interviewed / As mudanças ocorridas historicamente nas sociedades ocidentais, marcaram o aumento do uso de substâncias psicoativas, principalmente entre os jovens, cujo acesso foi facilitado pelo desenvolvimento da indústria química, que possibilitou a produção de drogas como a heroína, a cocaína, a morfina, o ecstasy, o crack, entre outras, capazes de gerar forte dependência. As conseqüências do progresso na industrialização e comercialização da droga em nível transnacional, tornou o uso indevido de drogas um problema de saúde pública. O crack é uma droga de rápido efeito, que produz uma fissura intensa e traz várias perdas para familiares, para a comunidade e usuários, oferecendo riscos à própria vida. A pesquisa sobre as vivências dos jovens relacionadas ao crack contribui para conhecer melhor sobre esta droga a partir das experiências vividas, com o objetivo de subsidiar as ações de prevenção e tratamento. A pesquisa mostrará que o crack tem sua importância histórica no sentido de chamar a atenção da sociedade civil e do Estado para a questão do uso de drogas, uma vez que a dependência química não começa pelo crack, mas por outras drogas, com um consumo bem maior como o álcool, o tabaco e a maconha. A pesquisa traz considerações sobre as características da dependência química do crack, o uso relacionado a outras drogas, relações dos usuários com a escola, família, amigos, religião, lazer, envolvimento em situações de risco e a presença das políticas sociais nas experiências de vida dos alunos e usuários entrevistados

The advancement of the internet across the globe has made computer users implement several ways of protection against possible network threats. The goal of this thesis is to analyse vulnerabilities and threats that may occur in a home network and design a vulnerability classification for home users with the help of Kali Linux. The classification is proposed and briefly evaluated. Computer network threats are also examined in this thesis together with the network vulnerabilities and corresponding network security recommendations for these systems. Home users have a need for security and privacy being provided. There have been a number of recent security breaches affecting home users leading to mistrust among the users. Due to different classification of threats, there is a need for a common threat classification scheme that can help to improve the understanding of threats among different researchers. This thesis focuses on investigating possible vulnerabilities in a home network and consequently designing a vulnerability classification for home users.

En dépit de leur caractère distribué, les chaînes logistiques peuvent se révéler très performantes dans les conditions idéales de production et d’échange. Toutefois, leur complexité les rend de plus en plus fragiles. Cette thèse propose des modèles et des méthodes pour l’analyse des risques, de façon à renforcer la robustesse et la résilience des CLs. Nous avons analysé ce domaine suivant une démarche ontologique à l’aide de la méthode KOD pour tirer les caractéristiques essentielles des CLs. En nous appuyant sur un état de l’art du domaine des risques dans les chaînes logistiques, et sur les bases de cas réels, nous avons identifié les indicateurs des vulnérabilités les plus significatifs. A partir des connaissances extraites, et des modèles mathématiques proposés dans la littérature, nous avons construit un modèle de CL multi-étages à l’aide de modèles ARIMA intégrant l’aspect aléatoire de la demande. Pour adapter ce modèle aux situations de vulnérabilité et de risques, nous avons ajouté des contraintes de capacité et de positivité sur les commandes et sur les stocks. Sous l’effet d’événements dangereux, certaines contraintes du système peuvent être atteintes et par conséquence, son évolution peut s’écarter fortement de la dynamique nominale. Nous avons proposé des indicateurs de vulnérabilités comme des indicateurs de fréquence des retards de livraison, ou de surcoût d’immobilisation de produits. Enfin, l’occurrence d’événements dangereux a été représentée par des scénarios. Nous avons alors obtenu des résultats de simulation sous MATLAB, qui nous ont permis d’évaluer leurs conséquences pour différentes configurations du système. / Despite their distributed nature, these supply chains can be very efficient in the ideal conditions of production and exchange. However, their complexity makes them more fragile. This dissertation proposes models and methods for risk analysis to enhance the robustness and resilience of SCs. We analyzed this area following an ontological approach using the KOD method. Based on state of the art in the field of risk in SCs, and on real cases, we identified the indicators of the most significant vulnerabilities. From the extracted knowledge and mathematical models proposed in the literature, we built the model of a multi-stage SC using ARIMA models incorporating the randomness of the demand. In order to adapt this model to situations of vulnerability and risk, we have added capacity and positivity constraints on orders and inventories. Under the impact of hazardous events or strong disturbances, some constraints of the system can be reached and therefore, its evolution may deviate considerably from the nominal dynamics or even become unstable. We proposed vulnerability indicators such as indicators of the frequency of delivery delays or costs due to the immobilization of products. Finally, scenarios were used to represent the occurrence of dangerous events. We then got simulation results in MATLAB, which allowed us to assess their consequences for different configurations of the system, especially for strong disturbances of information flows and physical flows .

nÃo hà / De diferentes diÃlogos e formas de atuaÃÃo, cujo encontro deu-se na temÃtica da juventude, à que surgiu a presente pesquisa. Sendo parte integrante da pesquisa âEstima de Lugar e indicadores de proteÃÃo afetiva de jovens estudantes de escolas pÃblicas de Fortaleza: aportes da psicologia ambiental para a compreensÃo da vulnerabilidade socioambientalâ, realizada pelo LaboratÃrio de Pesquisas em Psicologia Ambiental â LOCUS/UFC no perÃodo de 2011 a 2014, tem como diferencial a proposta de estabelecer relaÃÃes entre Projetos de Vida de jovens adolescentes e a Estima de Lugar destes em relaÃÃo Ãs escolas pÃblicas em que estudam, corroborados na anÃlise de como indicadores afetivos como autoestima, autoeficÃcia e perspectiva de futuro estÃo correlacionados à estima de lugar e se fazem imprescindÃveis à construÃÃo dos projetos de vida. Objetivamos, entÃo, analisar de que forma tais relaÃÃes podem ser utilizadas como ferramentas potencializadoras de aÃÃo e resistÃncia por esses jovens adolescentes, fazendo isto atravÃs da avaliaÃÃo do estudo supracitado e trazendo à tona os resultados de uma sÃrie de atividades realizadas nas escolas e seus desdobramentos. Encontramos aporte teÃrico-conceitual no filÃsofo Spinoza para tratar dos campos de afetaÃÃes e das potÃncias, bem como partimos da Psicologia HistÃrico-Cultural e Social a partir dos estudos e pesquisas de Bader Sawaia e de Zulmira Bomfim, tendo nesta Ãltima um embasamento Socioambiental. Esta foi uma pesquisa de carÃter qualitativo, caracterizando-se como um estudo avaliativo. Foram elaborados um total de 100 fanzines, distribuÃdos em cinco escolas de ensino mÃdio de Fortaleza, sendo 20 da Hermenegildo Firmeza, 29 da HerÃclito de Castro, 20 da Lions Jangada, 15 da Gonzaga Mota e 16 da Santa Luzia. O pÃblico participante da atividade dos fanzines era de estudantes de 15 a 17 anos, cursando do 1 ao 3 ano do ensino mÃdio nas escolas citadas. TambÃm foram realizados Grupos Focais com equipe gestora, coordenaÃÃo pedagÃgica e professores das escolas para obter mais informaÃÃes e construir conjuntamente com a comunidade escolar as Oficinas IntervenÃÃo. As categorias com maior incidÃncia nos fanzines foram: sucesso profissional, sentimentos potencializadores, bens materiais / financeiros, profissÃo / formaÃÃo especÃfica e famÃlia. Estes aspectos apontam que, apesar das adversidades, as/os jovens mantem sua autoestima quando pensam seus projetos de vida. Isso colabora para uma perspectiva de futuro associada à realizaÃÃo profissional, que em muitos casos estaria relacionada ao sucesso e a sentimentos potencializadores como âser felizâ. No que diz respeito à autoeficÃcia, percebemos tambÃm que conseguem visualizar, em sua maioria, a necessidade de investir em si mesmos e, por estarmos no espaÃo da escola, a formaÃÃo profissional acaba sendo o processo atravÃs do qual poderÃo construir caminhos diferenciados dos hoje vividos. Outro aspecto importante à a manutenÃÃo de vÃnculos expressos principalmente pelos laÃos familiares que, juntamente com a escola / formaÃÃo profissional seriam importantes agregadores na concretizaÃÃo dos projetos de vida destes jovens. / This research arose from different dialogues and forms of action regarding to the youth theme. It is part of the research "Place Steem and indicators of affective protection of young students from public schools in Fortaleza: environmental psychology contributions to the understanding of social and environmental vulnerability," conducted by the Laboratory of Environmental Psychology Research - LOCUS / UFC in the period 2011-2014, which proposal was to establish relations among Life Project of adolescents and Place Steem regarding to their schools. Literature indicates that affective indicators such as self-esteem, self-efficacy and future prospects are correlated to place steem and are essential to the construction of life projects. Our objective, then, was to analyze how those relations can be used by the adolescents as potentiating tools of action and resistance. We evaluated the aforementioned study and made explicit the results of a set of activities conducted at the schools and its developments. Analysis were theoretically grounded on the philosopher Spinoza to address the affectations fields and powers as well as on Cultural-Historical and Social Psychology, from the studies of Bader Sawaia and Zulmira Bomfim, getting from the last a Socioambiental background. This was a qualitative research, characterized as an evaluative study. A total of 100 fanzines were produced, distributed in five high schools in Fortaleza: 20 in Hermenegildo Firmeza, 29 in HerÃclito de Castro, 20 in Lions Jangada, 15 in Gonzaga Mota, and 16 in Santa Luzia. The participants of fanzines activity were students from 15 to 17 years, from 1st to 3rd year of high school in the mentioned schools. Focus groups were also conducted with the management team, pedagogic coordination and teachers for more information and for jointly build the intervention workshops with the school community. The categories with the highest incidence in fanzines were: professional success, positive feelings, material/financial goods, profession/specific formation and family. These aspects indicate that despite the hardships, youngsters maintain their self-esteem when they think their own life projects. This contributes to a perspective of future associated with professional achievement, which in many cases would be related to the success and positive feelings as "being happy." With regard to self-efficacy, we also realize that they can see, in most cases, the need to invest in themselves and, because we are in school context, Professional education ends up being the process by which they can build different paths of those where now they live. Another important aspect is to maintain relationships expressed mainly by family ties which, along with the school/professional education, would be important aggregators in the realization of these youngsterâs life projects.

Urban communities often lack the ability to recover after disaster plans have been implemented because of a lack of coordinated resources among federal, state, and local agencies. As a result, economically marginalized citizens find themselves in risky conditions, particularly concerning finding and securing post-disaster housing. Using social conflict theory as a guide, the purpose of this exploratory case study of an urban area in a southern state was to better understand the specific vulnerabilities of urban communities and develop solutions for challenges related to emergency or temporary shelters to victims. Data were primarily collected through interviews with 10 residents who experienced a series of tornadoes in 2011. These data were inductively coded and then subjected to a thematic analysis. Findings indicate that participants tended to consider themselves as displaced, but not homeless, even though temporary housing needs ranged between 45 days and 18 months. Participants also reported that coordination efforts to distribute funding to displaced residence failed, as did private insurance in most cases. As a result, competition for scarce resources was significant and most people tended to rely upon financial help from friends and family members. The positive social change implications stemming from this study include recommendations to city planners and emergency managers to strengthen relationships with community leaders to assess needs prior to a disaster and establish a 'bottom-up' planning policy rather than wait for a disaster to assess the availability of federal or state funding that may not come in order to proactively protect vulnerable community members from post-disaster housing deficiencies.

<p>Försvarsmaktens förändring genom reformarbetet mot ett insatt insatsförsvar, har lett till ett fokus mot delvis nya uppgifter. Expeditionära operationer är en sådan uppgift, som innebär förändrade krav och förmågor på materiel och personal. Problemet, som uppsatsen vill belysa, är att vid planering och genomförande är taktiska uppgifter i operationsområdet dimensionerande i för hög grad. På det viset läggs inte tillräcklig kraft på hur förbandet ska komma på plats och hur bäst förutsättningar för uthållighet ska säkerställas över tiden. Det är därför angeläget att en noggrann analys genomförs i planläggningsskedet, så att egna kritiska sårbarheter kan identifieras.</p><p>Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka vilka kritiska sårbarheter som är tydligast ur ett logistiskt perspektiv, vid en vald expeditionär operation. Innebörden är att identifiera de kritiska sårbarheterna som uppstod och de som skulle ha kunnat påverka den expeditionära operationens målsättning.</p><p>Den expeditionära operationen som behandlas är den svenska insatsen i Tchad 2008. Analysverktyget som används för att genomlysa den är en operationalisering av Milan Vegos operationella faktorer tid, rum och styrka.</p><p>Resultatet pekar på tre områden som kritiska sårbarheter. De identifierades vid deployering och redeployering, inom hälso- och sjukvården samt av att förbandet inte klarade att hantera den omfattande mängden materiel och förnödenheter.<strong></strong></p> / <p>The Swedish Armed Forces have, as a consequence of the transformation, focused on partly new tasks. Expeditionary operations are one of these tasks, which denote changed demands on equipment and necessary competence of the personnel. The problem this study will try to clarify is the risk within focus too much on the tactical task in the area of operations. In that way the planning doesn't evaluate the needs in its entirety. To overlook details in the deployment and the endurance in the area could create critical vulnerabilities already in the planning of the operation.</p><p>The purpose of this study is to investigate the most obvious critical vulnerabilities, in a logistic perspective, during a chosen expeditionary operation. Both to identify the critical vulnerabilities arisen and those which could have had an affect on the aim of the expeditionary operation.</p><p>The expeditionary operation is the case-study of the Swedish participation in EUFOR Chad/CAR 2008. The tool that is used to analyze the case-study is the author's interpretation of Milan Vegos operational factors time, space and force.</p><p>The result of the study shows three areas as critical vulnerabilities. They were identified at deployment and redeployment, within the medical service and that the force couldn't manage to deal with the amount of equipment and supplies</p>

Försvarsmaktens förändring genom reformarbetet mot ett insatt insatsförsvar, har lett till ett fokus mot delvis nya uppgifter. Expeditionära operationer är en sådan uppgift, som innebär förändrade krav och förmågor på materiel och personal. Problemet, som uppsatsen vill belysa, är att vid planering och genomförande är taktiska uppgifter i operationsområdet dimensionerande i för hög grad. På det viset läggs inte tillräcklig kraft på hur förbandet ska komma på plats och hur bäst förutsättningar för uthållighet ska säkerställas över tiden. Det är därför angeläget att en noggrann analys genomförs i planläggningsskedet, så att egna kritiska sårbarheter kan identifieras. Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka vilka kritiska sårbarheter som är tydligast ur ett logistiskt perspektiv, vid en vald expeditionär operation. Innebörden är att identifiera de kritiska sårbarheterna som uppstod och de som skulle ha kunnat påverka den expeditionära operationens målsättning. Den expeditionära operationen som behandlas är den svenska insatsen i Tchad 2008. Analysverktyget som används för att genomlysa den är en operationalisering av Milan Vegos operationella faktorer tid, rum och styrka. Resultatet pekar på tre områden som kritiska sårbarheter. De identifierades vid deployering och redeployering, inom hälso- och sjukvården samt av att förbandet inte klarade att hantera den omfattande mängden materiel och förnödenheter. / The Swedish Armed Forces have, as a consequence of the transformation, focused on partly new tasks. Expeditionary operations are one of these tasks, which denote changed demands on equipment and necessary competence of the personnel. The problem this study will try to clarify is the risk within focus too much on the tactical task in the area of operations. In that way the planning doesn't evaluate the needs in its entirety. To overlook details in the deployment and the endurance in the area could create critical vulnerabilities already in the planning of the operation. The purpose of this study is to investigate the most obvious critical vulnerabilities, in a logistic perspective, during a chosen expeditionary operation. Both to identify the critical vulnerabilities arisen and those which could have had an affect on the aim of the expeditionary operation. The expeditionary operation is the case-study of the Swedish participation in EUFOR Chad/CAR 2008. The tool that is used to analyze the case-study is the author's interpretation of Milan Vegos operational factors time, space and force. The result of the study shows three areas as critical vulnerabilities. They were identified at deployment and redeployment, within the medical service and that the force couldn't manage to deal with the amount of equipment and supplies

We have inorganically increased the use of web applications to the point of using them for almost everything and making them an essential part of our everyday lives. As a result, the enhancement of privacy and security policies for the web applications is becoming increasingly essential. The importance and stateless nature of the web infrastructure made the web a preferred target of attacks. The current web access control system is a reason behind the victory of attacks. The current web consists of two major components, the browser and the server, where the effective access control system needs to be implemented. In terms of an access control system, the current web has adopted the inadequate same origin policy and same session policy for the browser and server, respectively. The current web access control system policies are sufficient for the earlier day's web, which became inadequate to address the protection needs of today's web. In order to protect the web application from un-trusted contents, we provide an enhanced browser based access control system by enabling the dynamic scoping. Our security model for the browser will allow the client and trusted web application contents to share a common library and protect web contents from each other, while they still get executed at different trust levels. We have implemented a working model of an enhanced browser based access control system in Java, under the Lobo browser.

With the increasing reliance on the Internet and computers, threats also increase. More and more foundations, companies and tools of computer network security emerge to defense the Internet. To prevent the attacks form crackers, plenty of resources about network security were developed on the Internet and people can get the resource they want as long as they know where the professional network security information is. But from another point of view, too much information would become a great burden to general users on the Internet, because they have no idea what information is the most important. This make them confuse, and the only thing they can do is do nothing. They need summarized security information and the advise for his own system and services, instead of all system security information. In this research, we integrate the systems in TWCERT/CC and discover the most helpful information to those who access the Internet in Taiwan, such as, the most threatened vulnerabilities in Taiwan. The information is like the SANS TOP 20. The unity of the entire system in TWCERT/CC could give administrators more specific and summarized information and their prior job is to fix the most vulnerable holes according to the information offered. Key words: network security, critical Internet security vulnerabilities, incident report, SAS, Security Auditing System, TWCERT/CC

The purpose of this study is to model and determine significant predictors of tornado death index values, and to investigate these significant predictors and what makes people vulnerable to tornado fatalities through expert interviews. This study also provides an understanding of the study participant’s perceptions of their county’s vulnerability to tornado fatality and demonstrates a true integration of methods and fields by studying geographic, meteorological, and sociological phenomena by use of quantitative and qualitative methods. The study consists of two parts: 1) A quantitative exploration of variables hypothesized to predict Tornado Death Index (TDI) values, 2) A qualitative investigation to further understand what leads to higher tornado fatalities. For the quantitative portion of the study descriptive statistics and multiple linear regressions were run on TDI values. It was predicted that several tornado characteristic, demographic, housing type and characteristic, religious, region, rural vs. urban, and potential casualty variables were significant predictors of TDI values. For the qualitative portion of the study a highest order emergency manager was interviewed, coding was done and themes, sub-themes, and categories emerged, and quotes that demonstrated the themes and categories were examined. Overall, significant predictor variables of TDI are tornado frequency, tornado width, ages 35-44, percent born in the Northeast, percent rural housing units, and potential casualties. As tornado width, and percent of rural housing units increases TDI increases (positive relationship), whereas as tornado frequency, ages 35-44, being born in the Northeast, and potential casualty increases TDI decreases (negative relationship). In the interview, age, cultural beliefs, and mobility challenges were found to increase risk to tornado fatality. It was also suggested that differences in tornados may exist between the Midwest and the South in terms of tornado development, duration, and warning lead-times. Finally, vulnerability can be reduced by educating the public, and reaching out to vulnerable populations and their caregivers.