Submitted by Maria Suzana Diniz (msuzanad@hotmail.com) on 2015-11-25T12:35:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2020699 bytes, checksum: 04659c1ee31ca5841ed485d5586e498c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-11-25T12:35:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2020699 bytes, checksum: 04659c1ee31ca5841ed485d5586e498c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-10 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Introduction: The phenomenon of marriage and sexuality has been undergoing changes over time, either by economic and political determinations, or by cultural and gender issues. Furthermore, scientific advances related to the diagnosis and treatment of AIDS, promoted increased survival of individuals with HIV/AIDS, favoring the formation of couples with different serological tests for HIV/AIDS. Starting from these premises, based on the perspective of the social construction of gender and the theoretical model of vulnerability, this study had as main objective to analyze the elements of marital and vulnerabilities among heterosexual couples with different serological tests for HIV/ AIDS. Method: Participants were 36 people in heterosexual serodiscordant relationship to HIV/AIDS, aged 19-70 years (M=36, SD=10.5)being half of each sex. Additionally, we interviewed 08 couples in serodiscordant relationship to HIV/AIDS. For the quantitative phase, a self-administered questionnaire about sociodemographic and dealing regarding sexual practices of couples issues, and in the second stage semi-structured interview was used. For quantitative data analysis, descriptive statistics were performed as for the content of the interviews it was used the categorical analysis Theme. Results: The results point to a profile with more than two minimum wages (N = 19), primary education (N=17) and medium (N=12), resident interior of the state (N = 27). Most says median religiosity (M=2.81, SD= .902), mostly Catholics. Twenty-six reported positive serology for HIV/AIDS. Regarding the time of marriage, 30 participants reported being more than three years, half with premarital HIV diagnosis. Twelve participants reported that undergo testing annually, semiannually 9 and 15 a few times. Among the practices of risk, we highlight difficulties in condom use (N=19), no systematic condom use (N=18) and extramarital relationships (N=12). Asked serodiscordance related information, 19 participants reported never received and preoccupation with AIDS was affirmed by 32 participants. From the analysis of the interviews, three thematic classes emerged: Theme Class I - Discovery Diagnostics (categories: Pre-marital and post-marital), Class II Theme - Everyday Wedding (categories: Fear, Care, Stigma and Prejudice, Reproduction and Combat) and Class III Theme - Prevention (Usage condom and alcohol use). Conclusion: While scientific advances in the field of AIDS are evident, was observed aspects of vulnerabilities from information gaps or socially constructed beliefs. There is a need to implement policies that ensure the right of that population to experience their choices in a dignified and safe manner. / Introdução: O fenômeno do casamento e da sexualidade tem passado por mudanças ao longo do tempo, seja por determinações econômicas e políticas, ou por questões culturais e de gênero. Por outro lado, os avanços científicos referentes ao diagnóstico e ao tratamento da Aids, proporcionaram aumento na sobrevida dos indivíduos com o HIV/Aids, favorecendo a formação de casais com diferentes sorologias para o HIV/Aids. Partindo destas premissas, fundamentado na perspectiva da construção social dos gêneros e no modelo teórico da Vulnerabilidade, este estudo teve como objetivo geral analisar os elementos constitutivos da conjugalidade e vulnerabilidades entre casais heterossexuais com sorologias diferentes para o HIV/Aids. Método: Participaram 36 pessoas em relacionamento heterossexual e sorodiferente para o HIV/Aids, com idades variando de 19 a 70 anos (M=36; DP=10,5), sendo a metade de cada sexo. Adicionalmente, foram entrevistados 08 casais em relacionamento sorodiferente para o HIV/Aids. Para a etapa quantitativa, foi utilizado um questionário autoaplicável, versando sobre questões sóciodemográficas e referentes às práticas sexuais dos casais, e na segunda etapa entrevista semi-estruturada. Para a análise dos dados quantitativos, foi realizada estatística descritiva, enquanto para o conteúdo das entrevistas utilizou-se a Análise Categorial Temática. Resultados: Os resultados apontam para um perfil com renda maior que dois salários mínimos (N=19), escolarização fundamental (N=17) e média (N=12), residentes no interior do Estado (N=27). A maioria afirma religiosidade mediana (M=2,81; DP=,902), em sua maioria, católicos. Vinte e seis afirmaram sorologia positiva para o HIV/Aids. Em relação ao tempo de casamento, 30 participantes afirmaram ser acima de três anos, metade com diagnóstico HIV pré-matrimonial. Doze participantes afirmaram que se submetem à testagem anualmente, 9 semestralmente e 15 poucas vezes. Dentre as práticas de risco, destacam-se dificuldades no uso de preservativo (N=19), não sistematização do uso do preservativo (N=18) e relações extraconjugais (N=12). Questionados sobre informações relacionadas à sorodiferença, 19 participantes afirmaram nunca ter recebido e a preocupação com a Aids foi afirmada por 32 participantes. A partir da análise das entrevistas, emergiram três classes temáticas: Classe Temática I – Descoberta do Diagnóstico (categorias: Pré-matrimonial e Pós-matrimonial), Classe Temática II – Cotidiano do Casamento (categorias: Medo, Cuidado, Estigma e Preconceito, Reprodução e Enfrentamento) e Classe Temática III – Prevenção (Uso de preservativo e Uso de álcool). Conclusão: Embora os avanços científicos no campo da Aids sejam evidentes, observou-se aspectos de vulnerabilidades provenientes de lacunas informativas ou de crenças socialmente construídas. Verifica-se a necessidade da implementação de políticas que garantam o direito dessa população de vivenciar suas escolhas de maneira digna e segura.

Submitted by Maike Costa (maiksebas@gmail.com) on 2017-07-19T14:47:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 888284 bytes, checksum: e7cab770f4ad18cb527a344c5cc51745 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-19T14:47:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 888284 bytes, checksum: e7cab770f4ad18cb527a344c5cc51745 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-29 / This dissertation presented in an article format has as its general objective to analyze the vulnerability to HIV/AIDS with youthster on street conditions. Using as theoretical reference the theoretical model of vulnerability. The Specific goals are: to identify vulnerability aspects with youthsters on street conditions and assess if youthsters identify the street condition as a factor that can influence the rise of vulnerability. It is a cross-sectional study, with qualitative design, which has been conducted at the Centro de Referência Especializado para População em Situação de Rua (Centro POP). The sample, for convenience, possesses twenty youthsters, four female and sixteen male who are on street condition, aged between 18 to 24 years (M=21, SD=1,9). The instruments used were a semi-structured interview, a Questionnaire of Sexual and Vulnerability Practices, and a socio-demographic questionnaire. The socio-demographic data of the questionnaire of sexual practices and vulnerability have been analyzed by descriptive statistics. The interviews were transcribed and analyzed by thematic categorical analysis. The results indicates that street youthsters in street condition are exposed to vulnerability in its three dimensions, individual, social and programmatic. In the individual dimension, two categories emerged, entitled as the quality of information about HIV/AIDS and the other is the use of condoms in daily life. In this, the information about HIV transmission emerges as erroneous and scarce and the use of condoms arises in a contradictory way, being only necessary when there is not a relationship with emotional involvement. In the social dimension were identified the category street condition and vulnerability, fragility in affective and relationship bonds and street condition and drug use. The street situation appears as a context that increases vulnerability to HIV/AIDS. There seems to be a relationship of rupture between affective and relational attachments, drug use, and the street situation. In the programmatic dimension, the category called HIV/AIDS promotion and prevention practices in which are observed incipient actions without deepening of questions related to HIV/AIDS at the center wich the youthsters are users. / O objetivo geral é analisar a percepção de vulnerabilidade à Aids de jovens em situação de rua. Trata-se de um estudo de corte transversal, com design qualitativo, que foi realizado no Centro de Referência Especializado para População em Situação de Rua (Centro POP). A amostra, por conveniência, composta por 20 jovens, sendo quatro do sexo feminino e dezesseis do sexo masculino, que estão em situação de rua, com idade variando entre 18 a 24 anos (M= 21; DP=1,9). Os instrumentos utilizados foram uma entrevista semiestruturada, um Questionário de Práticas Sexuais e Vulnerabilidade, e um questionário sócio-demográfico. Os dados sócio-demográficos e do questionário de Práticas Sexuais e Vulnerabilidades foram analisados por estatística descritiva. As entrevistas foram transcritas e analisadas através da técnica de análise categorial temática. Na dimensão individual surgiram duas categorias, intituladas como qualidade das informações acerca do HIV/AIDS e outra o uso de preservativo no cotidiano. Nesta as informações acerca da transmissão ao HIV emergem enquanto errôneas e escassas e o uso da camisinha surge de forma contraditória, sendo apenas necessário quando não estão um relacionamento com envolvimento emocional. Identificou-se na dimensão social a categoria situação de rua e vulnerabilidade, fragilidade nos vínculos afetivos e relacionais e situação de rua e uso drogas. A situação de rua aparece como um contexto que aumenta a vulnerabilidade ao HIV/AIDS . Observou-se uma relação de ruptura dos vínculos afetivos e relacionais, o uso de drogas e a situação de rua. Surgiu na dimensão programática a categoria nomeada como práticas de promoção e prevenção ao HIV/AIDS, na qual observa-se ações incipientes e sem aprofundamento das questões relacionadas ao HIV/AIDS no centro que os jovens são usuários. Os resultados permitiram concluir que os jovens situação de rua estão expostos a uma maior da vulnerabilidade ao HIV/AIDS em uma dimensão individual, social e programática.

abstract: Electricity infrastructure vulnerabilities were assessed for future heat waves due to climate change. Critical processes and component relationships were identified and characterized with consideration for the terminal event of service outages, including cascading failures in transmission-level components that can result in blackouts. The most critical dependency identified was the increase in peak electricity demand with higher air temperatures. Historical and future air temperatures were characterized within and across Los Angeles County, California (LAC) and Maricopa County (Phoenix), Arizona. LAC was identified as more vulnerable to heat waves than Phoenix due to a wider distribution of historical temperatures. Two approaches were developed to estimate peak demand based on air temperatures, a top-down statistical model and bottom-up spatial building energy model. Both approaches yielded similar results, in that peak demand should increase sub-linearly at temperatures above 40°C (104 °F) due to saturation in the coincidence of air conditioning (AC) duty cycles. Spatial projections for peak demand were developed for LAC to 2060 considering potential changes in population, building type, building efficiency, AC penetration, appliance efficiency, and air temperatures due climate change. These projections were spatially allocated to delivery system components (generation, transmission lines, and substations) to consider their vulnerability in terms of thermal de-rated capacity and weather adjusted load factor (load divided by capacity). Peak hour electricity demand was projected to increase in residential and commercial sectors by 0.2–6.5 GW (2–51%) by 2060. All grid components, except those near Santa Monica Beach, were projected to experience 2–20% capacity loss due to air temperatures exceeding 40 °C (104 °F). Based on scenario projections, and substation load factors for Southern California Edison (SCE), SCE will require 848—6,724 MW (4-32%) of additional substation capacity or peak shaving in its LAC service territories by 2060 to meet additional demand associated with population growth projections. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Civil, Environmental and Sustainable Engineering 2018

Introdução: As (re) internações entre idosos vem aumentando no decorrer dos últimos anos, principalmente entre aqueles em idade mais avançada que levam a alta demanda da atenção terciária. Conhecer as vulnerabilidades, as fragilidades e os diagnósticos que os idosos estão sujeitos, balizados pela lista brasileira de internações por condições sensíveis à atenção primária (ICSAP), podem orientar mudanças no cenário do cuidado. Objetivo: Analisar as vulnerabilidades, as fragilidades e o enfrentamento da doença em idosos internados num hospital privado. Método: Pesquisa prospectiva, quantitativa e qualitativa, realizada na Clínica Médica de um Hospital Privado do Município de São Paulo, entre fevereiro à dezembro de 2014. A coleta de dados foi desenvolvida em duas etapas, a primeira através de um questionário e a aplicação da Escala de Avaliação de Fragilidade de Fabricio-Wehbe, em pacientes clínicos idosos (acima de 60 anos) por amostra de conveniência, a segunda, realizada por amostra intencional, selecionados dentre os participantes da primeira etapa e com diagnóstico de ICSAP, por entrevista no domicílio, a partir de agendamentos por telefone, após a alta. Atendendo a Resolução 466/12, o estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Escola de Enfermagem da USP e da Instituição Privada e os participantes assinaram o Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido. Foram utilizados o teste ANOVA e o teste exato de Fisher (significativo para p 0,05), para os dados quantitativos e análise qualitativa, realizada através do programa Alceste. Resultados: Participaram do estudo 60 idosos e, destes, 12 participaram da segunda fase. Dos 60 idosos, 65% eram mulheres, 48% tinham 80 anos ou mais, 88.3% eram brasileiros, 90% da raça branca, 68.3% católicos, 85.7% dos homens eram casados e 51.3% mulheres viúvas e 75.4% aposentados. Os diagnósticos mais freqüentes foram a pneumonia e infecção do trato urinário, correspondendo respectivamente a 21.7% e 18.3%. Somente as mulheres apresentaram infecção do trato urinário. Das comorbidades, destaca-se a hipertensão entre as mulheres 51.3% e a diabetes nos homens 34.8%. A perda urinária foi referida por 43.3%, sendo mais freqüente entre as mulheres (46,2%). Dos idosos, 41.7% não apresentavam fragilidades, 16.7% eram aparentemente vulneráveis, 23.3% possuíam fragilidade leve, 11.7% moderada e 6.7% severa. O teste de Fisher evidenciou uma marginal (0,051) da fragilidade com a idade, onde a forma leve e moderada predominou na idade avançada e a severa atingiu o grupo de 70 anos. Quanto as atividades preventivas, os homens (61.9%) freqüentaram as consultas mais vezes ao ano. Verificou-se que 95% dos idosos referiram ter sempre suporte social. Apesar de possuírem convênio de saúde, 61.7% utilizavam o SUS para algum tipo de serviço, ocorrendo em 64.1% das mulheres e em 57.1% dos homens. As internações por ICSAP (58.3%) foram mais freqüente entre as mulheres (69.2%), aumentando com a idade em ambos os sexos. As ICSAP são as internações que poderiam ser evitadas por ações da atenção primária e, os testes aplicados, mostraram que estão estatisticamente associadas à idade (0,017). Ao buscar conhecer as vulnerabilidades dos idosos, evidenciaram-se três categorias: na individual, as falas expressaram os enfrentamentos da doença e, as limitações que comprometem a vida diária e a existência de apoio familiar, apesar das relações sociais estarem comprometidas entre os mais dependentes; no social, o apoio econômico possibilitou o acesso e segurança no tratamento; e por fim no programático, verificou-se a facilidade de acesso, um itinerário terapêutico resolutivo, no entanto alguns se utilizaram de liminar judicial para ter o direito ao atendimento nos serviços de saúde. Conclusão: O fato de mais da metade dos idosos internarem por ICSAP, mostrou a importância de investimentos na prevenção e controle de doenças na atenção primária, especialmente pelo perfil leve e moderado de fragilidades na idade avançada. A área individual é onde os idosos apresentam maior vulnerabilidade, principalmente quanto ao enfrentamento da doença. Enfim, esta população de idosos, mostrou-se privilegiada e de baixa vulnerabilidade. / Introduction: The (re) admissions amongst elderly have been increasing in the last years, mainly those with advanced aged who lead to a high demand of tertiary attention. Know its vulnerabilities, its frailties and the diagnosis which the elderly are subjected, guided by the Brazilian list of admission by sensitive condition to primary attention (ICSAP), may orient changes in the caring scenario. Objective: Analyze the vulnerabilities, the frailty and the confrontation of the illness in admitted elderly in a private hospital. Method: Prospective research, quantitative, qualitative, performed in the Medical Clinic of a Private Hospital of the City of São Paulo between February and December of 2014. The gathering data were developed in two stages, the first through a questionnaire and the application of the Fabrício-Wehbe Frailty Assessment Scale, in elderly clinical patients (above 60 years) by convenience sample, the second performed by intentional sample, selected among the first stage participants and with diagnostic of ICSAP, by home interview, from telephone scheduling after the discharge. Complying the Resolution 466/12, the study were approved by the USP Ethics Committee in Research of the Nursing School and from the Private Institution, and the participants sign the Free and Clarified Consent Term. Were used the ANOVA test and the Fisher exact test (significative for 0,05), for the quantitative data and the qualitative analyzes, performed through the Alceste Program. Results: Participated in the study 60 elders, and, from those, 12 participated in the second stage. From the 60 elderly, 65% were women, 48% had 80 years or more, 88,3% were Brazilian, 90.0% were Caucasian, 68.3% Catholics, 85.7% of men were married, and 51.3% widow women, and 75.4% retired. The most frequent diagnostics were pneumonia and urinary tract infection, corresponding, respectively, to 21.7% and 18.3%. Only women presented urinary tract infection. From the comorbidity, stands out the hypertension amongst women, 51.3%,and the diabetes in men, 34,8%. The urinary loss were referred by 43.3%, being most frequent amongst the women (46,2%). From the elderly, 41.7% didnt show frailties, 16.7% were apparently vulnerable, 23,3% had mild frailty, 11.7% moderate and 6.7% severe. The Fisher test showed a marginal (0,051) of the frailty with the age, where the mild and moderate forms predominated in advanced age and the severe hit the 70-years-old group. About the preventive actions, the men, (61.9%) attended the appointments more times a year. It was found that 95% of the elderly reported always having social support. Although hold health insurance, 61.7% used the Brazils Unified Health System (SUS) for some type of service, occurring in 64.1% from women and in 57.1% of men. The admission by ICSAP (58.3%) was most frequent amongst the women (69.2%), increasing with age in both sexes. The ICSAPs are the admissions that could have been avoided by primary attention action and the applied shown that are statistic associated to age. (0,017). In the search to know the elderly vulnerabilities, three categories were revealed: in the individual, the speeches expressed the confrontation of the disease, the limitations that compromise the daily life and the existence of the family support, even though the social relationships being compromised amongst the more dependents; in social, the financial support enabled access and security in treatment and; at last, in programmatic, it was found the easy access, a resolute therapeutic route, however, some obtained in junctions for having the right to health care services. Conclusion: The fact that more than a half of are admitted by ICSAP, shows the importance of the investment in prevention and disease control in the primary attention, specially by the mild and moderate profile of frailties in advanced age. The individual area is where the elderly presented more vulnerability, mostly concerned to the confrontation of the decease. Finally, the elderly population showed to be privileged and with low vulnerability.

Software security has always been an afterthought in software development which results into insecure software. Companies rely on penetration testing for detecting security vulnerabilities in their software. However, incorporating security at early stage of development reduces cost and overhead. Static code analysis can be applied at implementation phase of software development life cycle. Applying machine learning and visualization for static code analysis is a novel idea. Technique can learn patterns by normalized compression distance NCD and classify source code into correct or faulty usage on the basis of training instances. Visualization also helps to classify code fragments according to their associated colors. A prototype was developed to implement this technique called Code Distance Visualizer CDV. In order test the efficiency of this technique empirical validation is required. In this research we conduct series of experiments to test its efficiency. We use real life open source software as our test subjects. We also collected bugs from their corresponding bug reporting repositories as well as faulty and correct version of source code. We train CDV by marking correct and faulty version of code fragments. On the basis of these trainings CDV classifies other code fragments as correct or faulty. We measured its fault detection ratio, false negative and false positive ratio. The outcome shows that this technique is efficient in defect detection and has low number of false alarms. / Software trygghet har alltid varit en i efterhand inom mjukvaruutveckling som leder till osäker mjukvara. Företagen är beroende av penetrationstester för att upptäcka säkerhetsproblem i deras programvara. Att införliva säkerheten vid tidigt utvecklingsskede minskar kostnaderna och overhead. Statisk kod analys kan tillämpas vid genomförandet av mjukvaruutveckling livscykel. Tillämpa maskininlärning och visualisering för statisk kod är en ny idé. Teknik kan lära mönster av normaliserade kompressionständning avstånd NCD och klassificera källkoden till rätta eller felaktig användning på grundval av utbildning fall. Visualisering bidrar också till att klassificera code fragment utifrån deras associerade färger. En prototyp har utvecklats för att genomföra denna teknik som kallas Code Avstånd VISUALISERARE CDV. För att testa effektiviteten hos denna teknik empirisk validering krävs. I denna forskning vi bedriver serie experiment för att testa dess effektivitet. Vi använder verkliga livet öppen källkod som vår test ämnen. Vi har också samlats in fel från deras motsvarande felrapportering förråd samt fel och rätt version av källkoden. Vi utbildar CDV genom att markera rätt och fel version av koden fragment. På grundval av dessa träningar CDV klassificerar andra nummer fragment som korrekta eller felaktiga. Vi mätt sina fel upptäckt förhållandet falska negativa och falska positiva förhållandet. Resultatet visar att den här tekniken är effektiv i fel upptäckt och har låga antalet falsklarm. / waqasmah@gmail.com +46762316108

This project focuses on web security. Some of the most famous vulnerabilities, known troubling web applications. Has been collected and analyzed. Each vulnerability collected in this project, was exploited and secured. Demon- strations from a web application prototype, developed for this project. Brings real examples for each vulnerability, both secured, and insecured. The proto- type ran on a Tomcat web server, and was developed with frameworks such as Web, Spring and Hibernate. Connected to one PostgreSQL data source. All vulnerabilities was successfully implemented in Spring framework, and they were all exploited. Every vulnerability was also secured, with different tools and methods from earlier mentioned frameworks. As a result, real examples from the prototype is used for demonstration in the project, both in a secure and an insecure state. The result views Spring as a framework with good security potential. Most of the Spring specific vulnerabilities, are logical design flaws from developers that can be avoided. Vulnerabilities not related to Spring, such as the one collected for this project. Could be prevented by using methods from the Spring framework or intelligent programming. Which leads to conclusions. Web applications are always exposed to attacks, no matter the framework in use. Creative hackers search to discover new vul- nerabilities, and update old ones all the time. Developers has a responsibility, towards the web applications users. Web applications can not just developed for normal use, but also against possible misuse. Frameworks with good reputation and well processed models, is a good ground for developing a secure application.

TLS and IPsec are two protocols that provide secure communication on the Internet. They provide similar services but operate on different levels. This report compiles some of thecurrent known vulnerabilities that exist in those two protocols. It also describes attacks that exploit those vulnerabilities. Based on the vulnerabilities this paper gives guidelines onhow to avoid them when implementing TLS and IPsec. This paper also demonstrates a proof-of-concept that shows how IPsec can be configured to avoid some of the vulnerabilities. Theproof-of-concept also shows how IPsec can be used to setup a secure connection between two peers, using Near Field Communication, on an ad hoc network.

No description available.

Organisations from the multinational Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development through to national initiatives such as the UK's Cabinet Office, have recognised that risk - the realisation of undesirable outcomes - needs a firm framework of policy and action for mitigation. Many standards have been set that implicitly or explicitly expect to manage risk in information systems, so creating a framework of such standards would steer outcomes to desirable results.This study applies a mixed methodology of desk enquiries, surveys, and action research to investigate how the command and control of information systems may be regulated by the fusion and fission of tacit knowledge in standards comprising the experience and inductive reasoning of experts. Information system user organisations from the membership of The National Computing Centre provided the working environment in which the research was conducted in real time. The research shows how a taxonomy of risks can be selected, and how a validated catalogue of standards which describe the mitigation of those risks can be assembled taking the quality of fit and expertise required to apply the standards into account. The work bridges a gap in the field by deriving a measure of organisational risk appetite with respect to information systems and the risk attitude of individuals, and linking them to a course of action - through the application of standards - to regulate the performance of information systems within a defined tolerance. The construct of a methodology to learn about a framework of ideas has become an integral part of the methodology itself with the standards forming the framework and providing direction of its application.The projects that comprise the research components have not proven the causal link between standards and the removal of risk, leaving this ripe for a narrowly scoped, future investigation. The thesis discusses the awareness of risk and the propensity for its management, developing this into the definition of a framework of standards to mitigate known risks in information systems with a new classification scheme that cross-references the efficacy of a standard with the expertise expected from those who apply it. The thesis extends this to the idea that the framework can be scaled to the views of stakeholders, used to detect human vulnerabilities in information systems, and developed to absorb the lessons learnt from emergent risk. The research has clarified the investigation of the security culture in the thrall of an information system and brought the application of technical and management standards closer to overcoming the social and psychological barriers that practitioners and researchers must overcome.

Introduction. This study examines the age-specific risk factors associated withradicalization that could contribute to Swedish research and responsible investigativeauthorities. Specific knowledge of individual risk factors for radicalization isremarkably limited, especially compared to what we know about other forms ofviolence.Methods. A total of 1240 cases are included after a data cleaning of the PIRUS-dataset. An exploratory factor analysis examined youths (<21), adults (>22), and a noage-specific group.Results. The younger population tends to have more often been abused as a child,had some traumatic experience, and are currently part of a gang. In comparison, theolder population tend to have alcohol or drug abuse problems and more unstructuredtime, have a radicalized friend and have actively searched for their radicalized group.The All-group shares a variety of variables with the age-specific groups.Conclusion. The results imply a need for specified risk factors according to age. Theage-specific analysis provides a deepened understanding of age-specific risk factorsthat contribute to radicalization and make individuals susceptible to radicalizedgroups. Since different authorities are responsible for minors and adults and alreadywork with a risk factor approach, the findings in this essay imply that the authoritiesshould investigate their current policies and update them to age-specific risk factors ifnecessary.