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Este trabalho analisa as políticas de EJA desenvolvidas pela União e pelo Estado de São Paulo, no período 2003-2009, sob a ótica do regime de colaboração em um Estado federativo. Elegemos como instâncias a serem objeto de nossa análise a Diretoria de Políticas de Educação de Jovens e Adultos da Secretaria de Educação Continuada, Diversidade e Alfabetização do Ministério da Educação DPEJA/SECAD/MEC, e a Secretaria de Estado da Educação de São Paulo SEESP. Através da descrição e análise de políticas e programas, e dos dados de demanda e oferta escolar por essas duas instâncias, buscamos avaliar como o regime de colaboração, entre as esferas federal e estadual de governo, tem se concretizado no Estado de São Paulo, no sentido e garantir a efetivação do direito à educação das pessoas jovens e adultas que não puderam iniciar ou concluir a escolarização básica na idade considerada regular. A pesquisa foi realizada mediante análise de documentos, realização de entrevistas com pessoas envolvidas com a temática e revisão da bibliografia sobre o tema. Conclui-se que a as responsabilidades estabelecidas pela legislação referente à obrigatoriedade da oferta de EJA não tem sido respeitada pela União e pelo Estado de São Paulo. Um dos principais fatores ligados a este descumprimento da legislação é o fato de que a colaboração entre estes dois entes federados em relação à EJA não se efetivou satisfatoriamente no período analisado. / educational policy; youth and adult education; federalism; São Paulo (State)

Este trabalho analisa as políticas de EJA desenvolvidas pela União e pelo Estado de São Paulo, no período 2003-2009, sob a ótica do regime de colaboração em um Estado federativo. Elegemos como instâncias a serem objeto de nossa análise a Diretoria de Políticas de Educação de Jovens e Adultos da Secretaria de Educação Continuada, Diversidade e Alfabetização do Ministério da Educação DPEJA/SECAD/MEC, e a Secretaria de Estado da Educação de São Paulo SEESP. Através da descrição e análise de políticas e programas, e dos dados de demanda e oferta escolar por essas duas instâncias, buscamos avaliar como o regime de colaboração, entre as esferas federal e estadual de governo, tem se concretizado no Estado de São Paulo, no sentido e garantir a efetivação do direito à educação das pessoas jovens e adultas que não puderam iniciar ou concluir a escolarização básica na idade considerada regular. A pesquisa foi realizada mediante análise de documentos, realização de entrevistas com pessoas envolvidas com a temática e revisão da bibliografia sobre o tema. Conclui-se que a as responsabilidades estabelecidas pela legislação referente à obrigatoriedade da oferta de EJA não tem sido respeitada pela União e pelo Estado de São Paulo. Um dos principais fatores ligados a este descumprimento da legislação é o fato de que a colaboração entre estes dois entes federados em relação à EJA não se efetivou satisfatoriamente no período analisado. / educational policy; youth and adult education; federalism; São Paulo (State)

順應智慧型手機及隨身智慧裝置的普及，人人天天滑手機、對美食拍照、分享社群網站，成為儀式般的全民運動，亦是時下最夯的社會景象。本研究主要描繪影像食物戀者，透過拍攝美食上傳分享的行為，在社群媒介下演進的樣貌。 本研究將依據Meyrowitz媒介情境論及布迪厄資本理論，並透過文本分析法，直接以研究對象過去的美食分享文作分析內容，再以深度訪談法結果為依據，並與文本分析的社群內容作比對，瞭解影像食物戀者的行為演進現象觀察。最後以民族誌參與觀察法，實際驗證研究對象在餐廳用餐時的行為動作記錄，並與深度訪談結果作深度觀察交叉分析。 研究發現，影像食物戀者拍照分享的行為可分為兩大階段、六個歷程，包括基礎演進階段的記錄、分享、學習；以及進階階段的炫耀分享、美食意見領袖及形成自媒體。透過社群媒介的展演，影像食物戀者藉由美食圖文故事的包裝，持續依據自身品味資本在社群上傳播，達到提升個人獨特性及品味層次的目的。 關鍵詞：影像食物戀、媒介情境論、自媒體、社群傳播 / Nowadays, corresponding to the widespread of smartphones and mobile devices, the most popular scenes are that people keep on sliding and checking their mobile phones, taking pictures of fine food, and sharing them in social media communities, which has become a viral phenomenon. This research is based on the Medium Theory by Joshua Meyrowitz and Social Capital Theory by Pierre Bourdieu, in order to understand the behavior evolution of “food shooting addicts,” persons who love to take fine food pictures and upload them to social media communities. Its methodologies include content analysis, in-depth interview, and ethnographic participation and observation. The study finds that there are two stages and six phases in the behavior evolution of food shooting addicts. Primary stage includes: record, share and learn. Advanced stage includes: show-off, becoming opinion leaders and “we media” of fine food. Through their presentation in social media, packaged by beautiful fine food pictures and related stories, food shooting addicts build up their taste capital and achieve the goal of raising up their uniqueness and taste. Keywords: Food Shooting Addicts, Medium Theory, We Media, Social Media Communication

My aim with this essay is to analyse how the theme of sexuality and love in two dystopian novels – We  (1924),  by Yevgeny Zamyatin and Kallocain  (1940), by Karin Boye – relate to “the modern project”, a term I use to identify a cluster of important ideas that profoundly impacted society in the first decades of the 20th century. My analysis is based on a theoretical point of view claiming that dystopian novels present a critical perspective on society, and that they deal with issues, problems and values specific to the period in which they were written. Using a comparative method, where “the modern project” works asan “Ansatzpunkt”, I explore a variety of texts studying the theme of love and sexualityin We  and Kallocain  from different perspectives. I further discuss how both novels criticize societies where some of the ideas from “the modern project” are realized in unexpected ways: the “bourgeois family” is gone and the state performs some of its duties, sexuality is reduced to biological needs and reproduction, and love relationships are seen as egotistical and irrational. Even though these societies are trying hard, they can’t stop their citizens from using love and sexuality as a means to connect to one another and build a resistance. My conclusion is that both Zamyatin and Boye most likely were inspired by the writings of Sigmund Freud, who at that time was highly influential. In this light their novels can beinterpreted as presenting the human libido (We) and insights gained through psychoanalysis (Kallocain) as defences against collectivistic totalitarian states.

This qualitative study is about social security system as a form of international aid, with focus on cash transfers in Tanzania. The study aims to examine social security systems as the right tool to fight poverty in the long term. It also aims to analyze how Swedish international aid organisations contributes to the establishment of social security systems in Tanzania. The study is based on literature of relevance, interviews and other existing social security systems. In this study a total of eight semi structured interviews were conducted with representatives from various Swedish international aid organisations, as well as a scientist operating at a university in Sweden. The theoretical framework in this study includes Social Progress Index as a tool to measure and analyze the well being of a country. The main findings in this study showed that social security systems in form of cash in hand is a simple and effective way to get people out of poverty. The results also include problems with international aid and the absence of a long term solution in fighting poverty. The main findings in this study contributes to a greater understanding of the importance of contextualization regarding social security systems. It also shows that Sweden as a welfare nation has an important role in international discussions concerning social protection. / Det här är en kvalitativ studie om internationella biståndsinsatser i form av sociala trygghetssystem med fokus på kontantstöd i Tanzania. Studien syftar till att undersöka om sociala trygghetssystem i den här bemärkelsen är rätt verktyg för att bekämpa extrem fattigdom ur ett långsiktigt perspektiv, samt hur svenska biståndsorganisationer bidrar till uppbyggnad av sociala trygghetssystem i Tanzania. Studien utgår från relevant litteratur, intervjuer och referenser till andra sociala trygghetssystem. Sammanlagt genomfördes åtta semistrukturerade djupintervjuer med informanter från svenska biståndsorganisationer samt en forskare som är verksam vid ett svenskt universitet. En viktig teoretisk utgångspunkt i studien är Social Progress Index (SPI) som är ett verktyg för att mäta länders välmående. Av resultatet framgår att sociala trygghetssystem är ett effektivt och enkelt sätt att lyfta människor ur fattigdom. Detta ställs i kontrast till problematiken kring bistånd och sociala trygghetssystem som endast en kortsiktig lösning. Resultatet visar också vikten av kontextualisering i biståndsinsatser och Sveriges viktiga roll i den internationella biståndsdebatten.

The thesis is focused on construction of Czech national identity in press (MF DNES January - June 2010). It describes this complex problem in the way of discourse analysis. Therefore, there is not used special or particular research method, because the subject of matter is approached and thought by ontological and epistemological assumptions behind it. The objective of the work is find system, which characterizes construction of Czech national identity, Czech patriotism and Czech character. There must be emphasized that it is not providing absolute answers to the specific problem, but enable us to understand the conditions behind it. First of all, there is shown thinking about Czech national identity from the historical point of view. There are described presumptions of Czech identity and character from the times of Karel Čapek and Tomáš G. Masaryk. Secondly, there is shown contemporary discourse through the study of different levels of the media text, the concepts of Teun van Dijk or Jack Lule are involved.

The Egyptian 2011 revolution is presented in media - as well as statements made by organisations participating in the overthrowing of Hosni Mubarak's regime - as a social media revolution. Despite the fact that internet has been shut down on the government's order on 28th January, just after three days of street protests, therefore forcing the social media revolution to go offline. This paper describes the role of social media in the events of the beginning of the revolution via qualitative content analysis. It focuses on the official Facebook communication of two prominent anti-Mubarak organisations - We Are All Khaled Said and April 6th Youth Movement - in the period between 9th January and 11th February, from the day of first invitation to a 25th January protest to the day Hosni Mubarak resigned. I have identified following sub-themes in the revolution-themed posts: 25th January - the nature of the event, the role of the activist group, organisation, internet shutdown, safety measures, propagation, news reporting, Facebook and event evaluation. The result of my research is that Facebook - albeit important - was only one of the tools of communication, propagation and organization actively employed by both of the anti- Mubarak groups. While useful - and actually promoted as a tool to save Egypt by...

The Egyptian 2011 revolution is presented in media - as well as statements made by organisations participating in the overthrowing of Hosni Mubarak's regime - as a social media revolution. Despite the fact that internet has been shut down on the government's order on 28th January, just after three days of street protests, therefore forcing the social media revolution to go offline. This paper describes the role of social media in the events of the beginning of the revolution. It focuses on the official Facebook communication of two prominent anti-Mubarak organisations - We Are All Khalid Said and April 6th Youth Movement - in the period between 1st January and 11th February, the day when Hosni Mubarak resigned. The result of my research is that Facebook was only one of possible tools of communication actively employed by both of the organisations. While We Are All Khalid Said used Facebook not only to spread information but also to coordinate demonstrations - as well as constantly promoting Facebook as the tool that ignited the revolution, the activist group wasn't able to breach the internet blockade, and after the renewal of internet connection, it started using its Facebook account mainly as an information platform - which was the role that Facebook played for April 6th Youth Movement throughout...

Eine seneszente Zelle erfährt proteotoxischen Stress durch einen Prozess, der als “Seneszenz-assoziierter sekretorischer Phänotyp (SASP)” bezeichnet wird. SASP Faktoren involvieren vermehrte Produktion von Cytokinen und Chemokinen, die die Proteinhomöostase stören. Das führt zu Stress im Endoplasmatischen Retikulum (ER), Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) sowie erhöhter Autophagie in seneszenten Zellen. In dieser Arbeit zeigen wir, dass Therapie-induzierte Seneszenz (TIS), ausgelöst durch Adriamycin (ADR) oder Cyclophosphamid (CTX), zu einer erhöhten Expression von Alzheimer-assoziierten Genen führt. Das ist allerdings nur der Fall, wenn TIS mit SASP und Proteotoxizität korreliert. Außerdem zeigen wir, dass transgene Mäuse mit Alzheimer ebenso Eigenschaften von Seneszenz aufweisen. Mutationen in Genen wie Amyloid-Precursor-Protein (APP) und Presenilin 1 (PSEN1) erzeugen nicht nur Alzheimer, sondern verstärken auch Seneszenz. In APPPS1+/- transgenen Mäusen treten seneszente Zellen zusammen mit Amyloid β (Aβ) Plaques auf. Gleichfalls führt die Überexpression von APP in der Neuroblastom Zelllinie SH-SY5Y zu einer Erhöhung von Seneszenz-Markern, einschließlich ER Stress und Autophagie-assoziierten Lysosomen. Diese Beobachtungen implizieren einen Zusammenhang zwischen Seneszenz und Alzheimer. Wir präsentieren Proteotoxizität als gemeinsamen Nenner dieser beiden Pathologien. Allerdings kommen wir zu dem Ergebnis, dass APP und PSEN1 keine Regulatoren von TIS sind. APP trägt zur TIS-assoziierten Proteotoxizität bei, da ein knock-down von APP zu einer Reduzierung des ER Stress führt. Außerdem, können seneszente Zellen mittels Blockierung der APP Spaltung und somit Bildung von Aβ Plaques durch den Gamma-Sekretase Inhibitor Semagacestat, selektiv getötet werden. Das deutet auf ein senolytisches Potential hin. Allerdings hat Semagacestat keinen Einfluss auf die Expression von ER Stress Marker. Dies suggeriert, dass APP in Eμ-myc Lymphomen Aβ-unabhängig zu ER Stress beiträgt, während diese in Alzheimer eine zentrale Rolle in der Phathophysiologie spielen. / A senescent cell experiences proteotoxic stress in consequence to senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). SASP factors involve increased production of cytokines and chemokines, which overload and disrupt protein homeostasis. This induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, unfolded protein response (UPR) as well as elevated autophagic-lysosomal burden in senescent cells, further promoting the formation of misfolded proteins. In this thesis we found, in Eμ-myc transgenic mice lymphomas, therapy-induced senescence (TIS) by Adriamycin or Cyclophosphamide treatment leads to an up regulation of genes involved in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, this is true only when TIS correlates with SASP, leading to proteotoxicity. On the other hand, we demonstrate that transgenic AD inflicted mice also present with features of senescence. Mutations of genes such as amyloid precursor protein (APP) and presenilin1 (PSEN1), not only engender AD, but also augment senescence. In APPPS1+/- transgenic mice, the senescent cells co-occur with amyloid β (Aβ) plaques. Likewise, in neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y, APP overexpression results in upregulation of senescence markers, including markers for ER stress and autophagic-lysosomal burden. These observations imply that there is a crosstalk between senescence and AD. We demonstrate proteotoxicity as a common denominator between the two pathologies. However, we found that APP and PSEN1 are not regulators of TIS. APP contributes to proteotoxic stress associated with TIS as knocking down of APP leads to a reduction of ER stress. Inhibiting Aβ formation by targeting the processing of APP using Semagacestat- a gamma-secretase inhibitor, selectively targets senescent cells resulting in cell death. This indicates its senolytic potential. However, Semagacestat has no impact on the expression of ER stress markers. This suggested that in Eμ-myc lymphomas, APP contributes to ER stress in an Aβ-independent fashion, unlike in AD, where Aβ is considered central to its pathophysiology.