CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de NÃvel Superior / OBJETIVO: Estabelecer um modelo de tumor no fÃgado de ratos para estudo do comportamento tumoral e avaliar o uso da quimiembolizaÃÃo transarterial. MÃTODOS: Utilizou-se oitenta e oito ratos Wistar, fÃmeas, adultos, pesando entre 175- 284 g . Realizado incisÃo abdominal de 3 cm e implantou-se o carcinossarcoma de Walker 256 no lÃbulo esquerdo do fÃgado. Dividiu-se em trÃs grupos que receberam respectivamente 100x 103 , 200x 103 e 300x 103 cÃlulas tumorais, avaliado a pega do tumor e a sobrevida. Em outro grupo de experimento com 39 animais inoculados com tumor de Walker foi avaliado a sobrevida dos animais apÃs infusÃo do 5-Flourouracil (5-FU) por via intra-peritoneal e intra-arterial. RESULTADOS: O implante do carcinossarcoma de Walker no fÃgado de ratos apresentou desenvolvimento de 100 %, teve um crescimento rÃpido e desenvolvimento de metÃstases tardiamente, levando os animais ao Ãbito entre o sÃtimo e dÃcimo quinto dia. A quimiembolizaÃÃo transarterial à possÃvel de ser realizada experimentalmente. O uso do 5-FU aumentou a sobrevida em comparaÃÃo ao grupo controle. CONCLUSÃO: O modelo de implante do tumor de Walker no fÃgado de ratos à eficiente, de fÃcil reprodutibilidade, e sobrevida mÃdia de 9,96Â0.3 dias. A quimioterapia transarterial hepÃtica pode ser realizada experimentalmente para avaliar diversas drogas. / PURPOSE: An animal model to study the behaviour of liver tumor in rat and its response after use of transarterial chemoembolization. METHODS: We use 88 Wistar rats, all of them were females, adult, weight 175-284 g. Abdominal incison of three cm and implanted the Walker carcinossarcoma 256 at left lobule of the liver. The animals were divided into three grups, that received 100x103 , 200x103, and 300x103 cells. Followed up the animas to avaliate life standing and tumoral development. In another experiment was used 39 animals which already had Walker 256 tumor and we study the survival of the animals after treatment with 5-FU IP or 5-FU IA. RESULTS: The orevall tumor development rate were 100%. Tumor growth was fast, and devolopment metastases on old fase. The animals dead between 7 and 15 day. Its possible to do chemoembolization experimentaly, after the use of 5-FU the rate survival increased. CONCLUSION: The model with Walker 256 tumor developed here is easy to repoduce, efficient, with high tumor development rate observed, the life standing is about 9,96  0,3 days. The chemoembolization experiment allows to assess several drugs.

Caminhar na cidade Experiência e representação nos caminhares de Richard Long e Francis Alÿs; Depoimentos de uma pesquisa poética é constituído de reflexões e depoimentos sobre a poética do caminhar na cidade hoje. Parte-se de um entendimento do caminhar como uma prática artística, tal como se desenvolveu no decorrer do século XX no campo das artes visuais. Procura-se compreender as práticas de artistas-caminhantes contemporâneos, suas formas de inscrição e intervenção no espaço urbano, com foco nas dimensões da experiência e da representação. Apresentam-se: 1) o campo poético do artista inglês Richard Long, artista-caminhante em paisagens naturais remotas, abordando especialmente a relação entre a obra e o lugar; 2) o campo poético do artista belga Francis Alÿs, artista-caminhante urbano, com um aprofundamento sobre a especificidade da inscrição artística no contexto urbano e o processo de criação das situações metafóricas e proliferação das fábulas no imaginário urbano. 3) depoimentos da pesquisa poética da própria autora, suas experiências na cidade como artista-caminhante. A partir destas três práticas artísticas, concluem¬-se quais os procedimentos utilizados por artistas-caminhantes. / Walking in the City Experience and representation on Richard Long and Francis Alÿs walking-works; a poetic research testimony consists on reflections and testimonies on city walking poetics today. Arising from an understanding of walking as an artistic practice, as it was developed in the course of the 20th century in the field of visual arts. There is a search for an understanding of contemporary artists-walkers practices, their forms of inscription and intervention on the urban spaces, deepening the experience and representation aspects. Presenting: 1) the poetic field of the English artist Richard Long, walker in remote natural landscapes, tackling the relation between work and place; 2) the poetic field of the Belgian artist Francis Alÿs, urban walker, with a focus on the artistic inscription on the urban space specificity, and the creative process of metaphoric situation and the proliferation of fables in the urban imaginary; 3) the authors own poetic research testimonies, her city experiences as an artist-walker. Based on these three artistic practices, the artistic procedures taken by the contemporary artists walkers shall be concluded.

Orientador: Maria Cristina Cintra Gomes Marcondes / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T11:39:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Oliveira_AndreGustavode_M.pdf: 2220744 bytes, checksum: ad8fc9b9eb42ef7af7f4733b165e19b0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: O crescimento do câncer promove o desenvolvimento de caquexia em função de intensa espoliação de nutrientes, principalmente, de gordura e proteína corpórea total. A via de sinalização da mTOR controla o crescimento celular e alguns estudos apontam que a inibição dessa via por metformina (M) pode diminuir a taxa de desenvolvimento tumoral. Desse modo, o presente estudo avaliou os efeitos da administração de metformina associada à dieta rica em leucina (L), em animais com tumor de Walker 256 (W), sobre o metabolismo protéico muscular, na hipótese de melhorar o estado caquético. Ratos Wistar jovens foram distribuídos em oito grupos, de acordo com a presença ou não de tumor, tratamento com metformina (36 mg x Kg-1) e/ou dieta rica em leucina (dieta com excesso de 3%). Foram analisados parâmetros somáticos e bioquímicos bem como vias de sinalização celular no músculo gastrocnêmico. No grupo W, o crescimento tumoral induziu perda de 20% da massa corpórea; proporcionou redução de 70% na massa gorda, alem da diminuição da concentração sérica de glicose, de proteínas totais e albumina. As concentrações de GH e IGF-1 foram reduzidas, porém a concentração de ACTH foi elevada em todos os grupos com tumor. Os grupos portadores de tumor tiveram maiores taxas de degradação protéica muscular, embora as taxas de síntese não tenham sido alteradas. A suplementação com leucina estimulou a síntese protéica nos animais não portadores de tumor, e os resultados sugerem que esse efeito tenha sido via Akt ou Erk, enquanto que a metformina estimulou a sinalização via IRS-1, levando à ativação de Erk. A evolução tumoral promoveu espoliação da massa protéica e modulação dos processos de síntese protéica, através da inibição da Erk e IRS-1. A suplementação com leucina foi capaz de estimular a síntese protéica nos animais não portadores de tumor, porém o tratamento com metformina não foi eficaz em diminuir o crescimento das células tumorais, provavelmente em função da baixa concentração que foi administrada aos animais / Abstract: Tumour growth induces cachexia by intense nutrient waste, characterized by involuntary host weight loss, mainly depleting the total body protein and fat. mTOR signaling pathway controls the cell growth regulating translation of mRNA, and the inhibition of this pathway by compounds such as metformin (M) could decrease tumour growth rate. Knowing these facts, the aim of this study was to evaluate metformin effects associated to leucine-rich diet in Walker 256 (W) tumour-bearing animals, on muscle protein metabolism, trying to improve the cachectic state. Young male Wistar rats were distributed into 8 groups, according to the tumour implant, the treatment with metformin (36 mg x kg-1) and/or leucine-rich diet (3% leucine). After the sacrifice of the animals we evaluated some somatic and biochemical parameters as well as the muscle cell signaling pathways.. Tumour growth promotes 20%reduction of body mass and 70% of fat mass. Glucose serum was 50% decreased and also the total serum proteins (20% less) and albumin (25% reduced). GH and IGF-1 concentrations were decreased in all tumour-bearing groups, while ACTH concentration was increased. Tumour-bearing groups had higher protein degradation rates while protein synthesis rates were not changed, showing decreased protein turnover. Leucine rich-diet stimulated protein synthesis in non-tumour-bearing groups and these results suggest that this effect was through Akt or Erk pathways and metformin stimulated signaling through IRS-1, leading to Erk activation. Tumour growth promoted lean body mass spoliation and modulated protein synthesis through Erk and IRS-1 inhibition. Leucine-rich diet was able to stimulate protein synthesis in non tumour-bearing animals, although the treatment with metformina was not thus effective in decreasing tumour's cells growth, probably by low dose concentration / Mestrado / Fisiologia / Mestre em Biologia Funcional e Molecular

This narrative inquiry explores the implementation of multimodal, aesthetic responses to literature in my 12th grade English Language Arts classroom during the spring of 2018. Specifically, the study examines a unit of study for the novel The Color Purple, in which student received arts-based instruction from three different guest teaching artists and were asked to create multimodal final projects that expressed their understanding of the novel. Informed by social semiotic multimodality, the aesthetic theories of Dewey and Rosenblatt, and Bakhtin’s dialogism, this dissertation investigates the ways in which multimodal response to literature serves as a mechanism for making meaning and relevance for students. In light of the dominance of verbocentric modalities of constructing and expressing meaning within institutional schooling, this study explores the possibilities of non-verbocentric modalities and their potential role within the ELA classroom. Examining my data – field notes, audio recordings, video recordings, student surveys and student artifacts – through the lenses of the creation-reflection semiotic cycle (Dewey), and of modal affordances and modal fixing (Kress), I conclude that multimodal response can provide students with important mechanisms for understanding and engaging with literature. Specifically, I lay forth guiding principles for anchoring multimodal response to literary meaning, and for using multimodal response to invite students into the discourse community of the classroom.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第21545号 / 理博第4452号 / 新制||理||1639(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院理学研究科数学・数理解析専攻 / (主査)教授 大槻 知忠, 教授 向井 茂, 教授 小野 薫 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DGAM

My dissertation contemplates the role that New Deal era photographs played in developing a sense of place particular to New York City’s environs. I argue that photographers used the camera as a tool to cultivate the relationship between people and the urban landscape by focusing their lens on liminal and collective spaces within the metropolitan environment. My first chapter examines Helen Levitt’s survey of African-American, Latinx, and Italian children in East Harlem, sponsored by the Federal Art Project. My second chapter reviews a series produced under the same Project—Arnold Eagle and David Robbins’s study of the Jewish and Italian sections of the Lower East Side. My third chapter turns to Sid Grossman and Sol Libsohn’s chronicling of Irish and Italian second-generation immigrants in Chelsea, supported by the Photo League. In each chapter, I contend that the prominence of communal spaces within these images results in documents that can be read as an effort by photographer and subject alike to define their place within the contested sites of the urban street. Through this focus on vernacular spaces, these surveys disrupt ideals of belonging and work to document processes of place-making distinct to each occupier. Employing analytical lenses of cultural geography and phenomenology, I theorize the role of collective spaces within each series. These vernacular sites, propelled by their indistinct physical and social dimensions, hold slippery identities, shifting boundaries, and a collection of potential “owners.” Due to this ambiguity, these spaces hold an opportunity for collective emergent action. Throughout these series the photographers show neighborhood dwellers engaging collective spaces of the city to satisfy their quotidian needs. My dissertation examines how inhabitants, through acts of play, ritual, and embodied remembrance, transform these interstitial spaces into place. I consider the photographer’s role as folklorist, sociologist, and archeologist—as they survey how their subjects engage, occupy, and transform the local and ordinary spaces of their metropolitan landscape into places created and claimed by city-dwellers. In attending to the spatial dimension, I consider how photographs register and explore the lives of marginalized communities within the contested landscapes of New York City’s streets.

The Color Purple (1982) is a well-known feminist work of literature written by the ‘womanist’ Alice Walker. This analysis sought to analyse Walker’s novel in order to identify and discuss the criticism of patriarchal power relations in the novel. This was done by looking closely at the character of Celie and the characters around her, focusing on, especially, the female characters’ empowerment but also on how the male characters are liberated from patriarchy. The observations were then analysed through a filter based partly on feminist criticism and partly on psychoanalytic concepts adopted and interpreted by feminists. The relevant narrative and story arcs were also analysed through the lens of Walker’s brand of feminism called womanism to explore the importance of female bonding and sisterhood for gaining power and overcoming oppression. In the end, it was concluded that the novel displays an overt breakdown of patriarchy as a destructive force and provides the ideology of womanism as an alternative to the patriarchal ideology.

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In 2016, the ICIJ independent organization released the leaks of the Panama Papers. Using the data presented, this thesis aims to evaluate and examine the models developed for the quantification of money laundering, analyze the variables that define the appeal of certain tax havens, and develop extensions to the Walker-Unger model. The proportion of illicit funds flowing from a source country to a host country was calculated using the Walker-Unger model as a reference while considering 35 source and 10 host countries. The variables were adjusted for statistical analyses input through multiple fractional probit regressions, and the outcome was compared to the original Walker-Unger estimates. At a 5% significance level, the research found significance between the account proportion and the independent variables. Furthermore, the evidence showcased more significant values obtained with the regression model, implying that the Walker-Unger model has become irrelevant in this modern era. Due to the following reasons, this study provides a perspective into improving the model through several recommendations.

In his story, “The Commitments,” Roddy Doyle identifies the Irish as "the blacks of Europe" (148). This sentiment typifies the oppression of the two cultures. The overwhelmingly oppressive society of the two aforementioned groups creates an atmosphere of failure, particularly for the fathers, who, for the most part, are supposed to be the heads of their families. Through Alice Walker’s The Color Purple and Frank McCourt’s Angela’s Ashes, the reader discovers the effects of these failures of the fathers due to tyrannical societies that impose dominance over such groups as the African-Americans and the Irish. The main characters, Celie and Frank, are adversely affected by the absent or failing fathers, and must search for means to transcend the failure and oppression.