Gyvenamųjų namų apšiltinimo ir apdailos defektai – dažnas reiškinys šiuolaikinėje statyboje. Statant arba perkant namą, norima, kad būstas būtų jaukus, šiltas, gražus, ekonomiškas ir patogus. Nuo gyvenamojo namo apšiltinimo ir apdailos kokybės priklauso viso namo estetinė išvaizda, šilumos izoliaciniai, higieniniai ir kiti parametrai. Darbo tikslas – gyvenamųjų pastatų apšiltinimo ir apdailos galimų defektų diagnostikos ir eliminavimo būdų analizė. Darbą sudaro įvadas, keturi skyriai bei išvados. Įvade pateikiamas darbo tikslas ir uždaviniai tikslui įgyvendinti. Pirmame darbo skyriuje pateikiama Lietuvos ir užsienio mokslinės literatūros, susijusios su apšiltinimo ir apdailos medžiagų tyrimais ir bandymais, defektų nustatymo būdais, apžvalga. Antrame darbo skyriuje analizuojami gyvenamųjų pastatų apšiltinimo ir apdailos defektai, jų diagnostikos ir pašalinimo būdai. Trečiame darbo skyriuje analizuojamos pastatų apšiltinimo ir apdailos defektų atsiradimo priežastys. Ketvirtame darbo skyriuje pateikiamas apšiltinimo ir apdailos defektų pašalinimo racionalaus varianto parinkimo modelis. Variantams palyginti pateikiama rodiklių sistema, skaičiavimai ir gauti rezultatai. Darbo pabaigoje pateikiamos išvados. Darbo apimtis – 69 puslapiai teksto (be priedų). Darbe pateikti 22 paveikslai, 10 lentelių, 83 bibliografiniai šaltiniai ir 10 priedų. / Defects of warming and trimming of dwelling houses are very common in contemporary constructions. When buying or building a house we want it to be cosy, warm, beautiful, efficient and comfortable. The whole appearance, thermal insulation, hygiene and other parameters depend on warming and trimming quality. The purpose of this thesis is to analyse the methods for diagnosing and eliminating the possible defects of warming and trimming of dwelling houses. Thesis consists of an introduction, four chapters and a conclusion. Introduction contains the goal of the thesis and the tasks for achieving it. The first chapter gives an overview of Lithuanian and foreign literature on research and experiments with warming and trimming materials and methods to identify the defects. The second chapter focuses on analysis of the defects of trimming and warming of dwelling houses, methods for their diagnosis and elimination. The third chapter analysis the causes of the defects of warming and trimming of buildings. The fourth chapter gives a model for selection of a rational method to eliminate the warming and trimming defects. Rating system, calculations and acquired results are also given, in order to compare the methods. In the end of thesis, the conclusions are drawn. Thesis contains 69 pages of text (without annexes). There are 22 figures, 10 tables, 83 bibliographic sources and 10 annexes in this thesis.

No description available.

Nästan alla patienter blev hypoterma före, under och efter operation. För att undvika detta vidtog sjuksköterskan olika omvårdnadsåtgärder för att minska risken för oönskad hypotermi. Det var viktigt för vårdpersonal att få kunskap om vilka omvårdnadsåtgärder som är optimala för att minska komplikationer, samt få förståelse för hur hypotermi påverkar patienten under hela vårdförloppet. Kunskapen behövs för att lindra lidandet och öka tryggheten i samband med operation. Syftet var att söka evidens för bästa beprövade omvårdnadsåtgärd för att förebygga hypotermi hos patienter samt beskriva hypotermins påverkan på patienter under dagoperativt vårdförlopp. En litteraturstudie genomfördes där kvantitativa och kvalitativa artiklar analyserades med hjälp av innehållsanalys enligt Fribergs modell (Friberg 2012). Resultatet visade att det var viktigt att börja värma patienten före operation och att starta med en högre begynnelsetemperatur. Vid steriltvättning rekommenderades varm desinfektion. Även vid artroskopier var det en fördel att använda uppvärmd vätska. Vid korta ingrepp fungerade både värmekällan Hot dog (elektriskt täcke/madrass) och Bair Hugger (varmluftstäcke). Bair Hugger var i dagsläget den enskilt mest effektiva metoden för att snabbt höja temperaturen, mest miljömässiga samt ekonomiskt hållbara metoden vid längre operationer, givet att den var inställd på hög värme (43°C). Dock räckte det inte med en metod för att få en normaltempererad patient, utan flera olika metoder behövde kombineras samtidigt. En riktlinje för sjuksköterskor var att fortsätta med hög temperatur på värmekällan även då patientens kroppstemperatur hade uppnått normal temperatur. Först när patienten började svettas var det lämpligt att sänka temperaturen. Det var viktigt att mäta temperaturen för att fånga upp alla som var hypoterma, då inte alla patienter uppvisade symtom såsom shivering. Öka vårdpersonalens medvetenhet om vikten av att värma patienter på operation och använda alla metoder som finns tillgängliga för att minska hypotermi och öka välbefinnandet.

National Geographic is a magazine that inspires people to care about the planet through its articles of exploration, education, and conservation. Magazines are a significant source of knowledge and compete with a variety of other media, constantly rethinking where they can improve in comparison to other media. Research in this dissertation shows that some magazines offer high quality imagery for artwork, photos and advertisements, which remains critical for industries and readers. They often offer greater depth than radio, TV, or even newspapers, so that people interested in an analysis of news and events still depend on magazines for informative and general news. People often turn to media—such as television, newspapers, magazines, radio, and Internet—to help them make sense of the many complexities relating to environmental science and governance that (un)consciously shape our lives. Global warming, as a subject, demands both political and personal responses in all parts of the world, and effective decision making at both scales depends on timely, accurate information, according to Shanahan (2009:145). The quality and quantity of journalism about climate change will therefore be key in the coming years. National Geographic comprises a variety of themes, such as environment, science, wildlife, travel and photography. This study is an analysis of the writing and photography related to one theme - global warming. It provides a critical analysis of the coverage of the global warming discourse in one magazine, examined over an eleven-year period from 2000 to 2010. This theme is powerful in that it represents ethical responsibility and concern for nature and our world and the analysis attempts to define the objects of discourse within the coverage, thus, evaluating if the format of the coverage informs and educates the audience about global warming.

No description available.

Master of Science / Department of Statistics / Paul I. Nelson / This research is devoted to studying statistical inference implemented using the Gibbs Sampler for a hierarchical Bayesian linear model with first order autoregressive structure. This model was applied to global-mean monthly temperatures from January 1880 to April 2008 and used to estimate a time trend coefficient and to test for the existence of global warming. The global temperature increase estimated by Gibbs Sampler was found to be between 0.0203℃ and 0.0284℃ per decade with 95% credibility. The difference between Gibbs Sampler estimate and ordinary least squares estimate for the time trend was insignificant. Further, a simulation study with data generated from this model was carried out. This study showed that the Gibbs Sampler estimators for the intercept and for the time trend were less biased than corresponding ordinary least squares estimators, while the reverse was true for the autoregressive parameter and error standard deviation. The difference in precision of the estimators found by the two approaches was insignificant except for the samples of small sizes. The Gibbs Sampler estimator of the time trend has significantly smaller mean square error than ordinary least squares estimator for the smaller sample sizes studied. This report also describes how the software package WinBUGS can be used to carry out the simulations required to implement a Gibbs Sampler.

The global community faces ecological problems with the natural environment and cultural impediments to solving them. Natural systems are constantly changing and so are cultural practices. Humans need to address both: the interaction between those dynamic systems, the natural and cultural, because what happens in one system changes things in the other. The changes to the ecosystems are rapid and sometimes irreversible while dealing with them has been inadequate. Environmental movements, including deep ecology, have been at the forefront of the efforts to engage the public, various groups, politicians, and world governments to address environmental problems on a coordinated large scale, but their efforts have not produced substantive results. Cultural, ideological, and other reasons provide some insights into the reasons why this has happened. They show that the ecological crisis is now at the point at which deep ecological principles offer a way out of the crisis more clearly, given that it offers a new, ecological worldview for humans to adopt. This worldview suggests there is inherent unity between the human and natural worlds based on the concept of interdependence. This paper attempts to show that such inherent unity exists and that humans need to use precaution because the risks are too great to ignore.

published_or_final_version / Environmental Management / Master / Master of Science in Environmental Management

published_or_final_version / Environmental Management / Master / Master of Science in Environmental Management

No description available.