Synthetic musk compounds are artificial organic compounds with a smell similar to the odor of a natural musk. The most recently discovered and also the least known group of artificial musks is linear musk compounds. These substances are now often used in cosmetics, personal care products, detergents and various cleaning products. They have leaked into all the major environment components, especially into the hydrosphere. There has been great attention drawn to synthetic musk compounds in the last few years because of their environmental impact. The aim of this thesis is to identify twelve linear musk compounds (linalool, 2-cyclohexylethanol, fresco menthe, citronellol, HSA, isobornyl acetate, arocet, aroflorone, allyl cyclohexyl propionate, lilial, isoamyl salicylate and hexylcinnamic aldehyde) in waste water samples. The samples were taken at three different waste water treatment plants (WWTP) in South Moravian region (WWTP Brno-Modřice, WWTP Luhačovice and WWTP Hodonín). Each of these treatment plants has a different equivalent number of inhabitants. At first, a working method was optimized, then applied on real waste water samples. Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) technique was used for the extraction of analytes. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was then used for identification and quantificaton of the studied compounds.

This masters thesis is dealing with energetic evaluation of selected municipal WWTP – WWTP Polička. First chapter, introduction explains basic terms and goals of thesis. Second chapter explains energy audit, energy audit process its scope and contents. Third chapter deals with assesing life cycle using LCA (life cycle assesment). Fourth chapter deal with energy consumption at WWTP in Czech Republic as well as in the world. Fifth chapter describes technology of WWTP Polička and its fundamental objects. Sixth chapter is assesment of WWTP Polička from hydraulic point of view and assesment of selected machinery. Further there is summation of capital and operational costs followed by capital investment return.

ABSTARCT The aim of this thesis is to treat the problem of wastewater pretreatment on the sewer network with a focus on storm water overflow and their impact on waterways with regard to The Methodological Manual for Assessment of storm water overflow within uniform sewerage systems in urban areas. This work describes the legislation relating to storm water overflow and includes comparison with other countries. Furthermore, there is processed the outline of objects and equipment which can be used for wastewater pre-treatment in the sewer network. In the practical part of the thesis there is designed a new solution for the mobile spillway edge of the storm water overflow OK2A, which is located within the sewer network in Brno. In the practical part of the paper there is depicted the project documentation of newly designed equipment and objects. Water management companies, design offices, students and the general public can use this thesis as an inspiration.

This Master’s Thesis deals with a question of the current methods of treatment of sewage sludge. The main objective is to compare the financial cost of conventional drying with solar drying. In the first part is described process of the treatment sludge and its disposal options. The Thesis also describes different methods of drying sewage sludge.

The intention of this thesis is to assess whether it is economically advantageous formation of water prizes with using elements of price discrimination. The first part of thesis defines the theoretical basis on which it is based on practical part. The analytic part is dealing with cost of production and distribution of water, prizes of water and adequate profit in company. There is also described the current situation in the market including legislation related to the issue. The last part is own proposals for pricing.

This diploma thesis is based on the current issue of the presence of pharmaceuticals in various components of the environment. Concerning the contamination by residues of pharmaceuticals the most affected environment is the aquatic environment where these substances leaks especially from wastewater treatment plants, which eliminate them during the cleaning process only partially. This work is focused on the selected group of pharmaceuticals, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (salicylic acid, ibuprofen, caffeine, naproxen, ketoprofen, diclofenac) in waste water. For analysis purposes two types of sampling were used and compared: the conventional spot sampling of wastewater and the sampling using passive samplers POCIS. The sampling took place at the inflow and outflow of the wastewater treatment plant in Brno Modřice. The solid phase extraction (SPE) using Oasis HLB columns was used as the extraction method. Extracted sample was derivatized then. Derivatization agents were: MSTFA (N-methyl-N-(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamid) and BSTFA (N, O-bis(trimethylsilyl) trifluoroacetamid). The final analysis was performed using gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection Time-of-Flight (GC/TOF-MS).

In the empirical study in question, the current situation concerning the public water supply, waste water disposal, and water pollution prevention in Saxony with regard to the decision makers' knowledge of and approach towards "sustainable development" and its implementation is dealt with. Important results of the study are: · A comprehensive and uniform familiarity with the term and the contents of "sustainable development" is not present on all relevant decision-making levels. · The main area of activity of an institution influences its familiarity with the term "sustainable development." If the main area of activity of an institution lies in the field of water supply or water pollution prevention, familiarity with the term is greater. · Familiarity with the term "sustainable development" depends on the size of the respective institution with regard to the number of residents that it is responsible for supplying and the number of employees working for it. In larger institutions, familiarity with the term is more widespread. · The fact that many institutions are more committed ecologically and socially shows the fundamental possibility of incorporating these goals. Nevertheless, economic goals are given the highest practical importance, because of their limiting effects with regard to implementation of goals and decisions. · The significance of economic goals depends on the type of institution. In private-sector and public businesses they tend to have the greatest significance. For ecological and social goals, such dependence cannot be proved. · The greatest problems perceived in making "sustainable development" materialize depend on the type of institution. Whereas communities see such problems equally for all goals, economic and social goals are what cause problems for special purpose associations. In all other types of institutions such problems exist primarily for economic goals. · The organizational form influences the effects with regard to sustainable development. Possible privatization in various forms therefore should always be judged by the resulting effects on "sustainable development."

Vatten- och avloppssystem har stor betydelse i moderna samhällen där dag-, spill- och dricksvatten måste hanteras. En del av vatten- och avloppssystemen är ledningar förlagda i marken vars syfte är att försörja bostäder och verksamheter med vatten samt att avleda dag- och spillvatten. Stockholm Vatten och Avfall äger och förvaltar totalt över 200 mil vattenledningar och 300 mil avloppsledningar i Stockholm. Att nylägga ledningar och omlägga det befintliga ledningsnätet kräver att hållbara investeringsbeslut tas i ett tidigt skede av projekt. Vid uppskattning av kostnader för ett ledningsarbete måste flera olika kostnader beaktas, framförallt kostnader för schaktmassor, maskiner och material. För att göra detta har Stockholm Vatten och Avfall tidigare använt sig av ett kalkylverktyg som uppskattar kostnaden för ett ledningsarbete i schaktad rörgrav. Detta kalkylverktyg baseras på á-priser som inte är aktuella för dagens läge. För att göra kalkylverktyget användbart med dagens priser har referensprojekt insamlats och delats upp i kategorierna extern entreprenör och egen regi och därefter innerstad och ytterstad med tillhörande indata och ekonomiska fakta. Utifrån uppdelningarna har faktorer beräknats som utdata från kalkylverktyget multiplicerats med och därefter jämförts med kalkylverktyget när verktygets á-priser blivit uppdaterade. En regressions – och korrelationsanalys gjordes därefter för att bestämma vilken av metoderna som beskriver referensprojekten bäst och den största korrelationen visade sig vara hos kalkylverktyget med uppdaterade á-priser. / Water- and waste water systems plays a huge role in today’s management of storm-, waste and drinking water. Part of the water- and waste water systems are pipelines located below ground level whose purpose is to supply homes, schools and companies with water and to drain storm – and waste water. Stockholm Vatten och Avfall manages over 200 Swedish miles of water pipelines and 300 Swedish miles of waste water pipelines in Stockholm. Adding new pipelines to the system and change the existing pipelines requires sustainable investment decisions to be taken at early stages of projects. When estimating the costs of a pipeline construction project, many different costs has to be taken into account, especially the excavation costs and machinery and materials costs. In order to do this, Stockholm Vatten och Avfall has previously been using a calculation tool that estimates the cost of a pipeline construction project in an excavated pipeline trench. This calculation tool is based on prices that are not current for current conditions. In order to make the calculation tool useful with today’s prices, reference projects have been collected and divided into inner city and suburban areas along with inputs and economic facts. Based on these inputs, factors have been calculated which the output from the calculation tool has been multiplied with and then been compared t o the calculation tool after the tool’s prices have been updated. A regression – and correlation analysis was then made to determine which of the methods best describe the reference projects and the largest correlation was found in the calculation tool with updated prices.

No description available.

Odling av mikroalger för framställning av biogas är ett relativt outforskat område. Den forskning som hittills utförts har påvisat lovande resultat tack vare möjligheten att utnyttja resurser som idag går till spillo, eller till och med utgör miljöproblem; mikroalgerna kan rena både näringsrikt vatten (exv. avloppsvatten) och koldioxidutsläpp (rökgaser från industrin) då de tar upp föreningar innehållande kväve, fosfor och kol från dessa källor. Den producerade biogasen kan ersätta fossila bränslen. Dessutom skapas en rötrest som kan återföras till odlingsmarker vilket sluter näringskretsloppet. Mikroalgen Chlorella vulgaris undersöks gällande dess egenskaper i alg-biogasprocessen för att aktuella flöden ska kunna sammanlänkas genom industriell symbios. Mikroalger kan skapa unika möjligheter till kretsloppsanpassad energiproduktion bland annat tack vare att vissa av dem har potential att fungera både som växt och som djur. För att energiproduktionen ska kunna kretsloppsanpassas måste de olika systemen i alg-biogasprocessen lokaliseras strategiskt med avseende på dess flöden. / The area of microalgae cultivation for the production of biogas is quite uninvestigated. Research has shown promising results due to the possibility to make use of resources that are unused or even cause negative environmental impact: the microalgae can purify nutrient rich water (waste water) as well as exhausts rich in carbon dioxide (flue gas) as they take up compounds containing carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus from these sources. The produced biogas can replace fossil fuels. In addition, a digest is produced which can be returned to cropland which closes the nutrient loop. The microalgae Chlorella vulgaris is studied regarding its traits in the algae-to-biogas process in order to evaluate if the flows present can be interlinked through industrial symbiosis. Microalgae can create unique possibilities for loop adapted energy production partly thanks to their potential to function both as plant and as animal. For a loop adapted energy production the different systems in the algae-biogas process need to be located strategically with regards to the flows in the process. / The area of microalgae cultivation for the production of biogas is quite uninvestigated.Research has shown promising results due to the possibility to make use of resources that areunused or even cause negative environmental impact: the microalgae can purify nutrient rich water(waste water) as well as exhausts rich in carbon dioxide (flue gas) as they take up compoundscontaining carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus from these sources. The produced biogas can replacefossil fuels. In addition, a digest is produced which can be returned to cropland which closes thenutrient loop. The microalgae Chlorella vulgaris is studied regarding its traits in the algae-to-biogasprocess in order to evaluate if the flows present can be interlinked through industrial symbiosis.Microalgae can create unique possibilities for loop adapted energy production partly thanks to theirpotential to function both as plant and as animal. For a loop adapted energy production the differentsystems in the algae-biogas process need to be located strategically with regards to the flows in theprocess