Submitted by Angela Maria de Oliveira (amolivei@uepg.br) on 2019-02-27T17:52:57Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Andreza Rocha de Freitas.pdf: 8684706 bytes, checksum: ec6dba5566bcde08b4ca415194eb5e6e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2019-02-27T17:52:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Andreza Rocha de Freitas.pdf: 8684706 bytes, checksum: ec6dba5566bcde08b4ca415194eb5e6e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-08-30 / Os fenômenos de inundações e enxurradas têm se tornado cada vez mais preocupantes quando se trata de medidas a serem tomadas no planejamento urbano. Neste sentido, o objetivo da presente tese é entender as inundações e enxurradas ao identificar áreas potencializadoras desses processos na Bacia Arroio dos Pereiras no Município de Irati-Pr. Foi proposta a metodologia do Índice de Áreas Potencializadoras de Inundações e Enxurradas (IAPIE), por meio do qual é possível identificar quais as áreas, de uma bacia hidrográfica urbana, apresentam maior potencial para desencadear inundações e enxurradas em áreas a jusante. Além disso, a metodologia pode ser empregada na elaboração de cenários futuros de uso e ocupação da bacia em análise, por meio dos parâmetros: Precipitação, Infiltração da água no solo, Declividade, Balanço Hídrico, Morfometria e Tipos de solos. Inicialmente deve-se realizar a setorização da bacia estudada e cada parâmetro será analisado, por setor, através de classificações quantitativas e qualitativas dos mesmos. O parâmetro Precipitação considera valores de precipitação por meio de pluviogramas que utilizam totais mensais de chuvas em um dado lugar e no período escolhido; a Capacidade de Infiltração da água em diferentes usos é identificada por meio de mapas detalhados de uso do solo; o parâmetro Declividade identifica as áreas com potencial maior ou menor de escoamento da água; o Balanço Hídrico contabiliza a disponibilidade hídrica de uma região em bases climatológicas e comparativas; a Suscetibilidade Morfométrica a inundações e enxurradas, avalia morfometricamente as bacias que apresentam maiores condições no desenvolvimento de inundações e enxurradas, através de parâmetros que têm ligação direta com a ocorrência destes fenômenos e Tipos de Solos, avalia a capacidade de permeabilidade dos Solos. Por meio da aplicação do IAPIE foi possível identificar que o setor 2, correspondente ao Centro da cidade de Irati, potencializa em 57,11% a ocorrência de inundações e enxurradas na Bacia Arroio dos Pereiras. Isto ocorre devido a alta taxa de impermeabilização do solo, pois neste setor estão concentradas atividades comerciais e de prestação de serviços, além de residências. O Setor que menos influencia na ocorrência de inundações e enxurradas é o 6, localizado no alto curso da bacia (Área Rural), contribuindo com 33,31%. Para este setor devem ser pensadas políticas que incentivem a permeabilização do solo, pois trata-se de uma área onde são encontrados os solos mais profundos, que propiciam a infiltração da água. Devido à condição atual determinada pelo IAPIE, o setor 6 apresenta potencial baixo na influência de inundações e enxurradas, no entanto, se a impermeabilização da área for ampliada, este setor poderá ser caracterizado com potencial médio na ocorrência de inundações e enxurradas. Nesta perspectiva, caso aconteçam mudanças no uso do solo na Bacia Arroio dos Pereiras, que impermeabilizem o solo, a ocorrência de inundações e enxurradas pode ser potencializada em áreas onde já ocorrem e podem acontecer em áreas que ainda não foram acometidas por estes fenômenos. / Flood processes have become increasingly worrying when it comes to measures to be taken in urban planning. In this sense, the objective of this thesis is to understand the floods and floods when identifying potential areas of these processes in the Arroio dos Pereiras Basin in the Municipality of Irati-PR. The methodology of the Index of Potentializing Areas of Flood and Enxurradas (IAPIE) was proposed, through which it is possible to identify which areas of an urban river basin present greater potential to trigger floods in downstream areas. In addition, the methodology can be used in the elaboration of future scenarios of use and occupation of the basin under analysis, through the parameters: Precipitation, Infiltration of water in the soil, Declivity, Water Balance, Morphometry and Soil Types. Initially the sectorization of the studied basin should be carried out and each parameter will be analyzed, by sector, through quantitative and qualitative classifications of the same. The Precipitation parameter considers precipitation values by means of pluviograms that use monthly rainfall totals in a given place and in the chosen period; the Infiltration Capacity of water in different uses is identified through detailed maps of land use; the parameter Declivity identifies the areas with greater or lesser potential of water flow; the Water Balance accounts for the water availability of a region on a climatological and comparative basis; the Morphometric Susceptibility, evaluates morphometrically the basins that present greater conditions in the development of floods and floods, through parameters that have direct connection with the occurrence of these phenomena and the last parameter Types of Soils, evaluates the permeability capacity of Soils. Through the application of the IAPIE, it was possible to identify that sector 2, corresponding to the Center of the city of Irati, increases the occurrence of floods and floods in the Arroio dos Pereiras Basin by 57.11%. This is due to the high rate of waterproofing of the soil, since in this sector are concentrated commercial and service activities, as well as residences. The sector that has the least influence on the occurrence of floods and floods is the 6, located in the high course of the basin (Rural Area), contributing with 33.31%. For this sector, policies that encourage the permeabilization of the soil must be considered, since it is an area where the deepest soils are found, which provides water infiltration. Due to the current condition determined by IAPIE, sector 6 has low potential in the influence of floods and floods, however, if the waterproofing of the area is increased, this sector can be characterized with average potential in the occurrence of floods and floods. In this perspective, if there are changes in land use and occupation in the Arroio dos Pereiras Basin, which waterproof the soil, the occurrence of floods and floods can be potentiated in areas where they already occur and may occur in areas that have not yet been affected by these phenomena.

The purpose of this work is to contribute to a process formaking buildings with good function and to avoid prematurefaults. The design, construction and installation of low-slopedroofs are important parts of creating a durable building. Mostof the leakages in low-sloped roofs occur where materials withdifferent thermomechanical properties are joined together. Withbetter knowledge about these joints, the expected service lifecould better be estimated. Common roofing materials onlow-sloped roofs are roof membranes. To avoid damages and to minimise energy consumption thedetection of air and water leaks is essential. It can bedifficult to localise a leak in e.g. a roof since water canflow far within the construction. Leakage detection can beapplied both as a quality assurance method after installationof low-sloped roofs and as field inspection methods. Theleakage detection can also be extended to terrace slabs and thewhole building envelope. To investigate the strength of jointsbetween sheet metaland roofing membranes, several small-scale tests and somelarge-scale tests were performed. The test methods weredeveloped to match the loads that can be expected on this kindof joints. A number of water leak-detection methods were evaluatedthrough application on test roofs. Some of the methods todetect leaks on low-sloped roofs can also be used to detect airleakage in other parts of the building envelope. To develop andevaluate air leak-detection procedures, selected methods wereused in two case studies. The circumstances regarding welding of the material jointswere found to have great impact on the strength. The roofshould be designed so no long-term strain will appear since acomparatively low stress may damage the joint over time. The performance of the leak-detection methods depends on theroofing material. All methods tested were an improvementcompared to visual inspections. Different recommendedapproaches for leakage detection and quality control is given.The case studies show that air leakage detection could beperformed with good accuracy. The potential difference methodcould without doubt be a tool for leakage localisation inwaterproofing layers both on roofs and in terrace slabs. <b>Keywords:</b>Roofing, roof membrane, durability,waterproofing, leakage, wind-load, non-destructive testing,NDT, BSL4, BSL3, air leakage, building envelope

<p>The purpose of this work is to contribute to a process formaking buildings with good function and to avoid prematurefaults.</p><p>The design, construction and installation of low-slopedroofs are important parts of creating a durable building. Mostof the leakages in low-sloped roofs occur where materials withdifferent thermomechanical properties are joined together. Withbetter knowledge about these joints, the expected service lifecould better be estimated. Common roofing materials onlow-sloped roofs are roof membranes.</p><p>To avoid damages and to minimise energy consumption thedetection of air and water leaks is essential. It can bedifficult to localise a leak in e.g. a roof since water canflow far within the construction. Leakage detection can beapplied both as a quality assurance method after installationof low-sloped roofs and as field inspection methods. Theleakage detection can also be extended to terrace slabs and thewhole building envelope.</p><p>To investigate the strength of jointsbetween sheet metaland roofing membranes, several small-scale tests and somelarge-scale tests were performed. The test methods weredeveloped to match the loads that can be expected on this kindof joints.</p><p>A number of water leak-detection methods were evaluatedthrough application on test roofs. Some of the methods todetect leaks on low-sloped roofs can also be used to detect airleakage in other parts of the building envelope. To develop andevaluate air leak-detection procedures, selected methods wereused in two case studies.</p><p>The circumstances regarding welding of the material jointswere found to have great impact on the strength. The roofshould be designed so no long-term strain will appear since acomparatively low stress may damage the joint over time.</p><p>The performance of the leak-detection methods depends on theroofing material. All methods tested were an improvementcompared to visual inspections. Different recommendedapproaches for leakage detection and quality control is given.The case studies show that air leakage detection could beperformed with good accuracy. The potential difference methodcould without doubt be a tool for leakage localisation inwaterproofing layers both on roofs and in terrace slabs.</p><p><b>Keywords:</b>Roofing, roof membrane, durability,waterproofing, leakage, wind-load, non-destructive testing,NDT, BSL4, BSL3, air leakage, building envelope</p>

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:00:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 4904.pdf: 6764601 bytes, checksum: f71ae65cf8744ed2b8014d3d01c4f2af (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-10-26 / This paper aims to hydrologically simulate the Barbado Stream watershed, located in Cuiabá-MT, by using the SWMM model and evaluate the responses to its different waterproofing scenarios. The acquisition of the input data for the simulation involved monitoring rainfall and flow rate; geoprocessing techniques to estimate physical characteristics of the watershed and assist the study of its sealing, which in turn, conducted the on-site survey of permeable areas (AP) directly connected impervious areas (AIDC) and unconnected impervious areas (AInc) for a sample of lots included in the study watershed. Hydrological monitoring was carried out for the Barbado Stream s local precipitation, water level and velocity during precipitation events, which allowed the construction of a rating curve for the monitoring section up to the stage of 80 cm, extrapolated up to the stage of 2,60 m. The results of the sealing study revealed that the waterproofing mean of occupied lots in the watershed studied is of 82.40% and the percentage of waterproofing in the total area of the studied watershed is 55.07%. During calibration, a sensitivity analysis of the parameters was held, resulting as the most sensitive parameters the sealed area (AIDC) and the Manning s roughness coefficient for channels. The calibration, performed by trial and error for two events, presented a satisfactory adjustment shown by the average determination coefficient of 0.912, Nash-Sutcliff coefficient of 0.842 and 0.025% of average error between the peak flows observed and estimated by the model. The model validation was verified for two events with adjustments close to those found in calibration. The simulation of rainfall scenarios for rainfall return periods of 2 up to 100 years revealed an increase in the peak flow of 12.6% to 16.9% for Scenario 2 and an increase from 11.7% to 22.0% for Scenario 3, both compared to the current occupation of Scenario 1. Even for return periods of 2 years, floods were found in scenario 1 at one point and in scenarios 2 and 3 in three points. / Este trabalho tem o objetivo simular hidrologicamente a bacia do Córrego Barbado, na cidade de Cuiabá-MT, por meio do modelo SWMM e avaliar as respostas para diferentes cenários de impermeabilização da bacia. A aquisição dos dados de entrada para a simulação envolveram trabalhos de monitoramento de chuva e vazão; de técnicas de geoprocessamento para estimar características físicas da bacia e auxiliar o estudo da impermeabilização da bacia, que por sua vez, realizou o levantamento in loco das áreas permeáveis (AP), impermeáveis diretamente conectadas (AIDC) e impermeáveis não conectadas (AINC) para uma amostra de lotes inseridos na bacia de estudo. O monitoramento hidrológico foi realizado para a precipitação local, velocidade e nível de água do córrego Barbado, durante eventos de precipitação, que permitiram a construção de uma curva-chave para a seção de monitoramento até a cota 80 cm, extrapolada até a cota 2,60 m. Os resultados do estudo da impermeabilização revelaram que a média de impermeabilização dos lotes ocupados na bacia de estudo é de 82,40% e o percentual de impermeabilização da área total da bacia de estudo é de 55,07%. Durante a calibração, realizou-se uma análise da sensibilidade dos parâmetros, resultando como parâmetros mais sensíveis, a área impermeabilizada (AIDC) e o coeficiente de rugosidade de Manning para canais. A calibração, realizada por tentativa e erro para dois eventos, apresentou um ajuste satisfatório demonstrado pelo coeficiente de determinação médio de 0,912, coeficiente de Nash-Sutcliff médio de 0,842 e erro médio de 0,025% entre as vazões de pico observada e estimada pelo modelo. A validação do modelo foi verificada para dois eventos com ajustes próximos dos encontrados na calibração. A simulação dos cenários para chuvas de retorno de 2 a 100 anos revelaram um aumento na vazão de pico de 12,6% a 16,9% para o Cenário 2 e aumento de 11,7% a 22,0% para o Cenário 3, ambos comparados com o Cenário 1 de ocupação atual. Mesmo para períodos de retorno de 2 anos foram verificadas inundações no cenário 1 em um ponto e nos cenários 2 e 3 em três pontos.

Submitted by Caroline Periotto (carol@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-03T18:24:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissGGP.pdf: 16383517 bytes, checksum: 2b193f2b2ed037defbcffa39f5c1f435 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-10T20:11:04Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissGGP.pdf: 16383517 bytes, checksum: 2b193f2b2ed037defbcffa39f5c1f435 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-10T20:14:58Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissGGP.pdf: 16383517 bytes, checksum: 2b193f2b2ed037defbcffa39f5c1f435 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-10T20:18:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissGGP.pdf: 16383517 bytes, checksum: 2b193f2b2ed037defbcffa39f5c1f435 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-14 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / The cities have grown significantly and in a disorderly way, without minimum urban planning, which has provoked to urban and environmental problems. Among many consequences of this growth, high soil waterproofing features highlight due to the consequences it brings, as the occurrence of floods, floods and spread of waterborne diseases. Much of the runoff of rainwater comes from the paved soil, and is possible observe that about 20% of the urban area of a city is paved with the function of serving as circulation area of pedestrians or vehicles, according to the Federal Law No. 6766 of 19 December 1979 which provides for the division of urban soil and other measures (BRAZIL, 1979). In this context the objective of this research is the study of the effects of the spaces of Circulation and Permanence Pedestrians (ECPP) on the management of rainwater, with the empirical object one experimental watershed located on the campus of UFSCar in São Carlos / SP, and two areas urbanized in the city of Sao Jose do Rio Preto / SP. For this, it was made the identification of different types of floors, characterization and hydrological efficiency, research in academic papers and catalogs of suppliers, and analyze the areas and conditions of ECPPs within the perimeters of study under the hydrologic context, design, implementation, and maintenance costs. The findings evaluate the effects of ECPPs on the management of rainwater, and compare the results between the three ECPPs. These results show that the ECPP located in USFCar contributes 6% to runoff, while the ECPP Pedestrian street 35% and ECPP Neighborhood 9% to project parties were adopted that destined runoff for grassed areas or permeable floors these scenarios would be 2% contribution to ECPP UFSCar, 0.2% of flow for ECPP Pedestrian Street and 2% for ECPP Neighborhood. So is possible reduce runoff using hydrologically functional floors, implementing and using the green areas as a design element, providing knowledge of data and materials that can contribute to new ways to plan and execute the ECPPs. / As cidades têm crescido de maneira significativa e de maneira desordenada, sem o mínimo planejamento urbano, o que tem provocado problemas urbanos e ambientais. Entre inúmeras consequências deste crescimento, a alta impermeabilização do solo apresenta grande destaque devido às consequências que acarreta, como a ocorrência de enchentes, inundações e proliferação de doenças de veiculação hídrica. Grande parte do escoamento superficial das águas de chuva provém do solo pavimentado, e é possível observar que cerca de 20% da área urbana de uma cidade está pavimentada com a função de servir como área de circulação de pedestres ou de veículos, segundo a Lei Federal nº 6766 de 19 de dezembro de 1979 que dispõe sobre o parcelamento do solo urbano e dá outras providências (BRASIL, 1979). Neste contexto o objetivo desta pesquisa é o estudo dos efeitos dos ECPP-Espaços de Circulação e Permanência de Pedestres sobre o manejo das águas de chuva, tendo como objeto empírico uma Bacia Experimental localizada no Campus da UFSCar em São Carlos/SP, e duas áreas urbanizadas na cidade de São José do Rio Preto/SP. Para tanto foi feita a identificação dos diferentes tipos de pavimentos, sua caracterização e eficiência hidrológica, em pesquisa a trabalhos acadêmicos e catálogos de fornecedores, além de análises das áreas e condições dos ECPPs dentro dos perímetros de estudo sob o contexto hidrológico, de projeto, execução, manutenção e de custos. Os dados encontrados avaliam os efeitos dos ECPPs sobre o manejo das águas pluviais, e comparam os resultados encontrados entre os três ECPPs. Estes resultados mostram, que o ECPP localizado na USFCar contribui 6% com o escoamento superficial, enquanto que o ECPP Calçadão 35% e o ECPP Bairro 9%, se fossem adotados partidos de projetos que destinassem o escoamento superficial para áreas gramadas ou para pisos permeáveis, estes cenários seriam de 2% de contribuição para o ECPP UFSCar, 0,2% de escoamento para o ECPP Calçadão e 2% para o ECPP Bairro. Portanto é possível reduzir o escoamento superficial utilizando pavimentos hidrologicamente funcionais, implementando e utilizando as áreas verdes como elemento de projeto, proporcionando o conhecimento de dados e materiais que podem contribuir com novas formas de planejar e executar os ECPPs.

Este projeto tem como objetivo o estudo do recobrimento superficial de filmes poliméricos à base de látex e breu, com microbicida de prata em painéis multicamadas de bagaço de cana-de-açúcar, reforçados com partículas de bambu (PMBB), visando seu o uso como material isolante térmico em instalação agroindustrial sujeita a ambientes úmidos e com grande carga bacteriana. O projeto foi desenvolvido em quatro etapas. Na etapa 1 (Estudo dos painéis multicamadas), foi realizado o estudo de dois diferentes procedimentos de moldagem, sendo moldagem 1 (PMBB-M1) com prensagem nas camadas e a moldagem 2 (PMBB-M2) sem prensagens nas camadas. Na avaliação física e mecânica o painel PMBB-M2 apresentou melhor desempenho físico e mecânico, por conta da melhor interação entre as camadas, quando comparado ao painel PMBB-M1. A etapa 2 (Estudo do tratamento superficial dos painéis) consistiu na produção e caracterização dos filmes de breu, látex-LT e látex-LS, e na avaliação do recobrimento do painel PMBB e da sua durabilidade expostos às intempéries ambientais (sol, chuva, vento e orvalho). Os filmes apresentaram bom desempenho físico, dificultando a penetração de água no material, contudo, a exposição à radiação e as intempéries climáticas promoveram a degradação dos filmes, apesar disso o látex-LT e o breu apresentaram, até os três meses de envelhecimento natural, melhor desempenho mecânico. A etapa 3 (Estudo da impregnação de nanopartículas de prata (AgNPs) nos filmes) consistiu na preparação e avaliação dos filmes com AgNPs. Por meio da análise microbiológica constatou-se que os filmes de látex-LT e breu apresentaram caráter bacteriostático. Por fim, na etapa 4 (Aplicação dos painéis PMBB em Instalação Suinícola), foi analisado o potencial do painel PMBB-M2 como material isolante térmico, na forma de abrigo para leitão (escamoteador) em uma granja de suínos. Nessa etapa, foi avaliado o microclima gerado no interior dos escamoteadores aquecidos com lâmpada incandescente, por meio da coleta de dados ambientais e análise dos índices de conforte térmico. O painel apresentou bom desempenho, atendendo a faixa de temperatura e umidade de conforto térmico para os leitões na primeira semana de vida. Portanto, pode-se concluir que os filmes de breu e látex-LT no painel PMBB-M2, promoveram uma impermeabilização do material e por apresentarem caráter bacteriostático, evitaram a proliferação de bactérias quando em contato com os filmes, sendo assim, a aplicação deste material como isolante térmico em instalação para suíno apresenta um grande potencial, pois, o recobrimento no material propicia sua aplicação em um ambiente úmido e com grande carga bacteriana. / This project aims the study of surface coatings with polymeric films based on latex and rosin, by using a microbicide agent of\' silver in multilayer panels of sugarcane bagasse reinforced with bamboo particles (PMBB) to be used as an insulate material in agroindustrial facilities subject to humid environments with high bacterial load. This project was conducted into four steps. In the step 1 (Study of the multilayer panels), the evaluation of two different molding procedures was conducted, with molding 1 (PMBB-M1) with pre-pressing in the layers and molding 2 (PMBB-M2) without pre-pressing in the layers. Physical and mechanical properties of the PMBB-M2 panel presented better physical and mechanical performance due to the best interaction between the layers compared to the PMBB-M1 panel. In the step 2 (Study of the superficial treatment of panels), it was studied the production and characterization of the films of rosin, latex-LT and latex-LS, as well as the evaluation of the PMBB panel covering, and evaluation of the durability of these panels exposed to weather conditions (sun, rain, wind and dew). The films presented good physical performance, making it difficult to penetrate water in the material, on the other hand, by exposing the materials to radiation and weather conduction it was noticed the degradation of the films, despite the fact that latex-LT and rosin presented better mechanical performance until three months of age. In the step 3 (Study of impregnation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in the films) it was conducted the preparation and evaluation of the films with AgNPs. By means of the microbiology analyses it was stated that the latex-LT and rosin presented bacteriostatic character. In the step 4 (Application of PMBB panels in Poultry facilities) it was evaluated the potential of the PMBB panel as an insulation material in a pig-farm as a piglet shelter. In this step, the microclimate generated inside of the pig shelter heated by incandescent lamps was evaluated through the collection of environmental data and evaluation of the thermal comfort indices. The panel presented good performance, taking into account the temperature and humidity range of thermal comfort for the piglets in the first week of life. Therefore, it can be concluded that the films of rosin and latex-LT in the PMBB panel, promoted a waterproofing of the materials and due to the bacteriostatic character, it was noticed that proliferation of the bacteria when in contact with the films was avoided, thus, the application of this material as thermal insulation in pig installation presents a great potential, due to the coating in the material and propitiates its application in a humid environment and with bacterial load.

The basic requirement for a good quality expert opinion are high quality sources of information, i.e. adequately detailed and valid groundwork. This dissertation analyzes groundwork for expert activities in the area of building operation appraisals, handling of information and its transmission within the life cycle of a construction. For this purpose, it is possible to divide the construction according to its functional parts. The thesis puts emphasis on drawing up a budget according to its functional parts, which is clearer for the investors, contractors and real estate administrators as well as the expert. A significant part of the dissertation is dedicated to recommendations on how to determine the usual price of building operations. In this section I define some options of how to determine the usual price of building operations, including their comparison. Likewise, I investigated and compared real agreed prices of building contracts for public commissions. The basic recommendation resulting from this chapter is the recommendation for the Czech statistics department to automate the data collection based on registers of building operations created with one of the budgeting programs (preferably according to functional parts). For the experts, I prepared a set of recommendations based on the analyzed differences between the budgeted prices and those applied in real contracts. There is no generally accepted method to evaluate the losses created due to delays in construction. For the purposes of this dissertation, I investigated the common prices of rent of the individual equipment and then established two approaches to put value on the cost of equipping the site, percentage rate and individual calculation. I examine in more detail the issues related to quantification of costs for wintertime arrangements. At the end of the chapter I define recommendations for experts. With regard to recommendations for establishing discounts from the construction price due to occurrence of defects and unfinished tasks, I analyzed real examples of distribution of defects and unfinished tasks at the moment of delivering the building operation to the investor and discovered that approximately 50% of defects are part of the surface working. Additionally, I analyzed the Czech technical regulations regarding surface working in order to find basis for assessment of the presence or absence of a defect. While investigating the approach to non-removable defects, I discovered incorrectly considered shelf life of waterproofing within the appraisal. Based on this, I investigated the market and determined the shelf life of common waterproofing systems. At the end of this dissertation I carry out a comparison of selected items of the two pricing systems most commonly used in the Czech Republic, URS and RTS. The differences are a result of contemplating using different technologies, varied mechanisms and diverse approaches to determine the costs of material.

Parameters that characterizes quality internal building environment come forth these days. One of the main reasons for the choice of the topic of this thesis is to ensure the quality of the internal environment and well-being during the usage of the buildings. Prevention of the excessive wall dampness is one of the basic conditions of a healthy and quality building environment. The thesis verifies reliability and compares the efficiency of the selected damp-proof materials and its joints. The first part deals with the influences that are reasons for the dampness of the buildings, earmark of an interest area, introducing of the valid legislation focused on the building redevelopment, consideration and evaluation of the building constructions in light of the dampness. The next part of the thesis sets main and partial targets and consecutive steps leading to fulfilment of the targets. Selection of the appropriate redevelopment procedures, materials and joints of the selected materials selected for the experiment realization follows. As this area is relatively large, we selected mechanical redevelopment methods reaching the walls and three most commonly used materials and its joints within the framework of the selected methods. There are three main steps set in the thesis: preparation of the methodology and experiment realization, measurement optimization and measurement within the laboratory and on the real buildings, comparison and evaluation of the measured values. Experimental part of the thesis took place between the years 2008 - 2011. Experiment realization comprises of material acquisition, building of the test samples and application of the single redevelopment measures. The next step includes measurement on the individual samples on the fixed measuring points. Measurements are evaluated through the mathematical statistical methods. Efficiency of the particular materials are compared and evaluated.

En un mercado tan competitivo, día a día se busca resaltar cualidades de una organización que marquen la diferencia, es por eso que la empresa MACLEHI, mediante su área de geosintéticos, ha decidido ejecutar el proyecto de “impermeabilización de techos en campamentos mineros aplicando los Estándares Globales del PMI” ubicado en la zona andina de nuestro País, la cual busca brindar su servicio especializado. Nuestros entregables a realizar son los siguientes: Trabajos preliminares. Impermeabilización de techos nuevos. Impermeabilización por cambio de material. Reparaciones. Dirección de proyectos. El proyecto será ejecutado en un plazo de 150 días y la inversión inicial requerida, será de S/. 1, 644,480.68 nuevos soles, donde el 60% de la inversión será asumida por socios de la empresa y el 40% será obtenido mediante un préstamo bancario. Hemos aplicado el concepto de Caso de Negocio, lo que nos ha permitido estimar que nuestro VAN es de S/. 74,382.88, nuestra TIR es de 41% generando rentabilidad a nuestro proyecto y es mayor a nuestra tasa de costo del proyecto (WACC) que es de 13.36% que es promedio ponderado, tanto de la deuda bancaria, como el capital propio que se invertirá en el inicio del proyecto. La aplicación de los Estándares Globales del PMI y el cálculo que se determina según el VAN y la TIR, además de los otros indicadores financieros; nos da la viabilidad positiva para continuar el proyecto de la empresa MACLEHI ya que cumple con el objetivo de crear valor a la empresa y obtener rentabilidad. Observaciones: En el proyecto no se desarrolló la Línea Base para Medir el Desempeño por el nivel de madurez de la empresa. / In such a competitive market, every day we seek to highlight qualities of an organization that make a difference, that is why the MACLEHI company, through its geosynthetics area, has decided to carry out the project of “waterproofing roofs in mining camps applying the PMI Global Standards ” Located in the Andean area of ​​our Country, which seeks to provide its specialized service. Our deliverables to be carried out are the following: Preliminary work. Waterproofing of new roofs. Waterproofing due to material change. Repairs. Project management. The project will be executed within a period of 150 days and the initial investment required will be S /. 1, 644,480.68 nuevos soles, where 60% of the investment will be assumed by partners of the company and 40% will be obtained through a bank loan. We have applied the Business Case concept, which has allowed us to estimate that our VAN is S /. 74,382.88 our TIR is 41% generating profitability for our project and is higher than our project cost rate (WACC) which is 13.36%, which is weighted average, both of the bank debt, and the equity that will be invested in the start of the project. The application of the PMI Global Standards and the calculation that is determined according to the VAN and the TIR, in addition to the other financial indicators; It gives us the positive viability to continue the project of the MACLEHI company since it fulfils the objective of creating value for the company and obtaining profitability. Observations: The project did not develop the Baseline to Measure Performance due to the maturity level of the company. / Trabajo de investigación

Bridge decks are commonly subjected to harsh environmental conditions that often lead to serious corrosion problems triggered by blisters under the hot mix asphalt bridge deck surfacing and secretly evolving during weather exposure until damage is often detected too late. Blisters may form under both the waterproofing dense mastic asphalt layer or under the waterproofing membrane which is often applied as additional water protection under the mastic asphalt (MA). One of the main technical issues is the formation of blisters under the membrane and asphalt-covered concrete structures caused by a complex mechanism governed by bottom-up pressure and loss of adhesion. A linear viscoelastic finite-element model was developed to simulate time-dependent blister growth in a dense mastic asphalt layer under uniformly applied pressure with and without temperature and pressure fluctuation. A finite element model was developed using ABAQUS with linear viscoelastic properties and validated with a closed form solution from first-order shear-deformation theory for thick plates. In addition, the blister test was conducted on different samples of MA in the laboratory and digital image correlation measurement technique was used to capture the three-dimensional vertical deflection of the MA over time. It was found that the blister may grow continuously under repeated loading conditions over subsequent days. With respect to blistering under waterproofing membranes, mechanical elastic modeling and experimental investigations were performed for three different types of membranes under in-plane stress state. The orthotropic mechanical behavior of a polymer modified bitumen membrane (PBM) was determined from biaxial test data. Finally, blister tests by applying controlled pressure between orthotropic PBMs and concrete plates were performed for studying the elliptical adhesive blister propagation using digital 3D image correlation. The energy calculated from elliptical blister propagation was found comparable to the adhesive fracture energy from standard peeling tests for similar types of PBMs. This indicates that the peeling test assists to evaluate and rank the adhesive properties of different types of membranes with respect to blister formation at room temperature without conducting time consuming and complicated pressurized blister propagation tests using digital 3D image correlation. / <p>QC 20130625</p>