"January 1992." / "Technical report." "Funding was provided by the Office of Naval Research through Contract no. N00014-91-J-1776." Includes bibliographical references (p. 7).

"January 1997." Thesis (Ph. D.)--Naval Postgraduate School, 1996. / "Prepared for: Office of Naval Research, Arlington, VA 22217-5660."

Cette thèse est concernée par le contrôle frontière de l’équation d’onde unidimensionnelle, qui peut être utilisée pour modéliser une corde (comme une corde de guitare). L’objectif est d’agir à une frontière pour contrôler et stabiliser l’autre frontière qui est considérée comme une condition aux frontières avec une dynamique instable. Cette thèse suggère des réponses aux deux questions suivantes: Considérons que la condition à la frontière de dynamique instable a des paramètres inconnus. Une loi de contrôle adaptatif non linéaire est-elle toujours efficace, si l’amortissement visqueux pris égal à zéro pour sa conception n’est plus négligé? Comment peut-on prendre en compte l’amortissement dans le domaine afin de stabiliser l’équation d’onde soumise à des conditions aux frontières dynamiques? Cette thèse suggère une méthode pour effectuer une analyse de Lyapunov afin de prouver la robustesse, vis à vis d’une erreur de modèle, d’une loi de contrôle adaptatif non linéaire particulière comme réponse à la première question. Puis, en utilisant une technique de backstepping à dimension infinie, nous développons une loi de contrôle par rétroaction qui stabilise exponentiellement l’équation d’onde considérée. / This thesis is concerned by the boundary control of the one dimensional wave equation, which can be used to model a string (like a guitar string). The objective is to act at one boundary to control and stabilize the otherboundary which is considered to be an unstable dynamic boundary condition. This thesis suggests answers to both following questions:Consider that the unstable dynamics boundary condition has some unknown parameters. Is a nonlinear adaptive control law still performing efficiently, if the viscous damping taken equal to zero for its design is no longer neglected?How can we take into account the in-domain damping in order to stabilize the wave equation subject to dynamic boundary conditions?This thesis suggests a method to derive a Lyapunov analysis in order to prove the robustness mismatch ofparticular nonlinear adaptive control law as the answer of the first question. Then using infinite dimensionalbackstepping technique we develop feedback control law that exponentially stabilize the considered wave equation.

Este trabalho contém um estudo sobre equações de ondas fracamente dissipativas definidas em domínios de fronteira móvel ∂2u/∂t2/ + η∂u/∂t - Δu + g(u) = f(x,t), (x,t) ∈ ^Dτ, onde ^Dτ = ∪t∈(τ,+ ∞) Ot X . Dizemos que domínio Dτ possui fronteira móvel se admitirmos que a fronteira Γt de de Ot varia em relação a t. Nossa contribuição é dividida em três etapas. 1 - Provamos que o problema munido da condição de fronteira de Dirichlet é bem posto no sentido de Hadamard (existência global, unicidade e dependência contínua dos dados) para soluções fortes e fracas. Nessa etapa utilizamos um método clássico que transforma o domínio dependente de t em um domínio fixo. Como consequência observamos que o sistema é essencialmente não autônomo. 2 - Buscamos uma teoria de sistemas dinâmicos não autônomos para estudar o operador solução do problema como um processo U(t; τ) : Xτ → Xτ, t≥ τ, definido em espaços de fase Xt = H01(Ot) × L2(Ot) que são dependentes do tempo t. 3 - No contexto da dinâmica de longo prazo encontramos hipóteses para garantir que o sistema dinâmico associado ao problema de ondas em domínios de fronteira móvel possui um atrator pullback. Basicamente admitimos que o domínio é crescente e \"time-like\". Salientamos que o nosso trabalho é o primeiro que estuda tais equações de ondas sob o ponto de vista de sistemas dinâmicos não-autônomos. Para equações parabólicas, resultados no mesmo contexto foram obtidos anteriormente por Kloeden, Marín-Rubio e Real [JDE 244 (2008) 2062-2090] e Kloeden, Real e Sun [JDE 246 (2009) 4702-4730]. Entretanto o nosso problema á hiperbólico e nã possui a regularidade das equações parabólicas. / In this work we study a weakly dissipative wave equation defined in domains with moving boundary ∂2u/∂t2/ + η∂u/∂t - Δu + g(u) = f(x,t), (x,t) ∈ Dτ, where D&tau> = ∪t∈(τ,+ ∞) Ot X . We says that a domain D&tau has moving boundary if the boundary &Gama;t of Ot varies with respect to t. Our contribution is threefold. 1 - We prove that the wave equation equipped with Dirichlet boundary condition is well-posed in the sense of Hadamard (global existence, uniqueness and continuous dependence with respect to data) for weak and strong solutions. This is done by using a classical argument that transforms the time dependent domain in a fixed domain. As a consequence we see that the problem is essentially non-autonomous. 2 -We find a theory of non-autonomous dynamical systems in order to study the solution operator as a process U(t; τ) : Xτ → Xsub>t, t≥τ, defined in time dependent phase spaces Xt = H01 (Ot) × L2.(Ot. 3 - In the context of long-time behavior of solutions we find suitable conditions to guarantee the existence of a pullback attractor. Roughly speaking, we assume the domain Q is expanding and time-like. We emphasize that our work is the first one that consider wave equations in noncylindrical domains as non-autonomous dynamical systems. With respect to parabolic equations, similar results were early obtained by Kloeden, Marín-Rubio and Real [JDE 244 (2008) 2062-2090] and Kloeden, Real and Sun [JDE 246 (2009) 4702-4730]. However our problem is hyperbolic and does not enjoy regularity properties as the parabolic ones.

Orientador: Maria Amélia Novais Schleicher / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica e Instituto de Geociências / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-18T17:07:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mondini_Debora_M.pdf: 2991739 bytes, checksum: 04c2af83e74d4f531ac6c278f2a0f1dc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Em três dimensões, os métodos de migração baseados na resolução da equação da onda unidirecional, além de enfrentar problemas para imagear refletores com fortes mergulhos e tratar ondas evanescentes, ainda são computacionalmente caros. Para os problemas de imagear refletores com forte mergulho e ondas evanescentes, nessa dissertação, usamos a aproximação em série de Padé complexa. Pelo fato da resolução do problema tridimensional ser computacionalmente cara, ao longo dos anos várias técnicas foram elaboradas com o objetivo de reduzir os custos e ainda manter a qualidade do método de migração que se estiver usando. Uma técnica comumente utilizada é o splitting. Nosso objetivo com esse trabalho é testar os operadores de migração usando a aproximação em série de Padé complexa, a técnica de splitting em duas ou quatro direções alternadas, bem como o termo de correção de Li. Para o caso de splitting em apenas duas direções, enfrentamos o problema de anisotropia numérica, ou seja, o operador de migração age de forma diferente em direções diferentes, resultando em grandes erros de posicionamento. Para corrigir esse problema usamos a correção de Li. Sem alterar a migração FD 2D, a correção de Li é uma extrapolação do campo residual por um deslocamento de fase. Quando o splitting é aplicado em quatro direções (nas coordenadas horizontais e nas diagonais) de forma alternada ainda podemos enfrentar problemas de anisotropia numérica e consequentemente mau posicionamento dos refletores muito inclinados. Por isso, testamos a aplicação da correção de Li para este caso. Nessa dissertação, comparamos os resultados obtidos pela técnica de migração FD, os testes foram realizados em um meio homogêneo e nos dados sintéticos 3D SEG-EAGE / Abstract: In three dimensions, migration methods based on solving the one-way wave equation, besides facing problems to handle evanescent waves and to image steep dip reflectors, are still computationally expensive. For the problems of imaging steep dip reflectors and treat evanescent waves, in this dissertation, we use the complex Padé approximation. Because solving three dimensional problems is computationally expensive, several techniques have been developed in order to reduce costs and still maintain the quality of the migration method. A commonly used technique is splitting. Our goal with this study is to test the migration operators using the complex Padé approximation, the technique of splitting into two or four alternating directions, as well as the Li correction term. For the case of splitting in two directions only, we face the problem of numerical anisotropy, i.e., the migration operator acts differently in different directions, resulting in a mispositioning of the reflectors in the situation where the strike direction of the reflector is far off the migration planes. To correct for this problem we use the Li correction. Without changing 2D FD migration, Li correction is an extrapolation of the residual wave field by a phase shift. When splitting is applied in four directions (the horizontal coordinates and the diagonals) alternately we can still face problems of numerical anisotropy and consequently mispositioning of steep dip reflectors. Because of that, we also tested the application of the Li correction. In this dissertation, we compare the results obtained by the FD migration technique. The tests were conducted in a homogeneous media and synthetic 3D data in SEG-EAGE / Mestrado / Reservatórios e Gestão / Mestre em Ciências e Engenharia de Petróleo

[pt] A finalidade primordial deste trabalho é apresentar um modelo estatístico para a troposfera e tendo-o como base caracterizar os efeitos de cintilação (flutuação aleatória de amplitude e fase) observados em ligações de microondas em visibilidade. O problema a ser estudado é a solução da equação de onda para um meio não homogêneo onde o parâmetro índice de refração é uma função aleatória. Por fim são apresentados resultados experimentais que justificam o enfoque teórico utilizado. / [en] The purpose of this work is to present a statistical model of te troposphere and based upon it characterize the amplitude and phase scintillation effects observed on line- of-sight microwave links. The problem to be dealt with is the solution of the wave equation for a non-homogeneous medium where the refractive index is a random function. Experimental results are presented in order to justify the theoretical approach.

Throughout many fields of science and engineering, the need for describing waveequations is crucial. Solving the wave equation for high-frequency waves istime-consuming, requires a fine mesh size and memory usage. The main goal wasimplementing and comparing different solution methods for high-frequency waves.Four different methods have been implemented and compared in terms of runtimeand discretization error. From my results, the method which performs the best is thefast sweeping method. For the fast marching method, the time-complexity of thenumerical solver was higher than expected which indicates an error in myimplementation.

Least-squares migration has been shown to be able to produce high quality migration images, but its computational cost is considered to be too high for practical imaging. In this dissertation, a multisource least-squares reverse time migration algorithm (LSRTM) is proposed to increase by up to 10 times the computational efficiency by utilizing the blended sources processing technique. There are three main chapters in this dissertation. In Chapter 2, the multisource LSRTM algorithm is implemented with random time-shift and random source polarity encoding functions. Numerical tests on the 2D HESS VTI data show that the multisource LSRTM algorithm suppresses migration artifacts, balances the amplitudes, improves image resolution, and reduces crosstalk noise associated with the blended shot gathers. For this example, multisource LSRTM is about three times faster than the conventional RTM method. For the 3D example of the SEG/EAGE salt model, with comparable computational cost, multisource LSRTM produces images with more accurate amplitudes, better spatial resolution, and fewer migration artifacts compared to conventional RTM. The empirical results suggest that the multisource LSRTM can produce more accurate reflectivity images than conventional RTM does with similar or less computational cost. The caveat is that LSRTM image is sensitive to large errors in the migration velocity model. In Chapter 3, the multisource LSRTM algorithm is implemented with frequency selection encoding strategy and applied to marine streamer data, for which traditional random encoding functions are not applicable. The frequency-selection encoding functions are delta functions in the frequency domain, so that all the encoded shots have unique non-overlapping frequency content. Therefore, the receivers can distinguish the wavefield from each shot according to the frequencies. With the frequency-selection encoding method, the computational efficiency of LSRTM is increased so that its cost is comparable to conventional RTM in the examples of the Marmousi2 model and a field data set from the Gulf of Mexico. With more iterations, the LSRTM image quality is further improved. The numerical results suggest that LSRTM with frequency-selection is an efficient method to produce better reflectivity images than conventional RTM. In Chapter 4, I present an interferometric method for extracting the diffraction signals that emanate from diffractors, also denoted as seismic guide stars. The signal-to-noise ratio of these interferometric diffractions is enhanced by √N, where N is the number of source points coincident with the receiver points. Thus, diffractions from subsalt guide stars can then be rendered visible and so can be used for velocity analysis, migration, and focusing of subsalt reflections. Both synthetic and field data records are used to demonstrate the benefits and limitations of this method.

We study the effect of the so-called half-hound states on the Titchmarsh-Weyl M(λ)· function and the S-matrix for a one dimensional Dirac system. For short range potentials with finite first (absolute) moments, we gave an M(λ) characterization of half bound states and, as a corollary, we deduce the behavior of the spectral function near the spectral gap endpoints. Further, we establish community of the S-matrix in momentum space and prove the Levinson theorem as a corollary to this analysis. We also obtain explicit asymptotics of the S-matrix for power-law potentials / Ph. D.

This thesis deals with a particle limit for the n dimensional wave equation and shows that there are asymptotic solutions for certain pulses in the high-frequency limit. These pulses are shown to propagate along rays predicted by geometrical optics. The solutions are computed up to an error which approaches zero as the pulse approaches the particle limit. The method gives a closed solution to the question of where the energy propagates. We assume that the n dimensional space is divided into two halfspaces with two different wave speeds and that these two halfspaces have an interface where the wave speed is not continuous. / M.S.