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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
421

Sistema híbrido inteligente para o monitoramento e proteção de transformadores de potência / Hybrid intelligent system for monitoring and protection of power transformers

Barbosa, Daniel 15 October 2010 (has links)
Este trabalho apresenta um conjunto de métodos para a proteção e o monitoramento de transformadores de potência baseado em sistemas inteligentes e na aplicação das transformadas de Clarke e Wavelet. A abordagem inteligente utilizada permite analisar a condição operativa dos transformadores de potência e detectar a ocorrência de defeito interno, distinguindo-a de outras situações de operação, como, a energização, a energização solidária, a saturação dos transformadores de corrente e a sobreexcitação. As tomadas de decisão das técnicas desenvolvidas são realizadas pela lógica fuzzy após o pré-processamento dos sinais de entrada por meio de diversos métodos, os quais variam de acordo com o algoritmo que esta sendo executado. Os algoritmos propostos foram testados por meio de simulações realizadas através do software Alternative Transients Program (ATP). É importante salientar que nas simulações do ATP foram modelados diversos equipamentos que constituem o sistema elétrico de potência, incluindo um gerador síncrono com regulação de velocidade, linhas de transmissão com variação em frequência, transformadores de potência com suas respectivas curvas de saturação, transformadores de potencial e de corrente. Estas modelagens tiveram por objetivo gerar dados das distintas situações de operação para a verificação e análise da metodologia proposta. Os resultados da pesquisa mostram a aplicabilidade dos algoritmos propostos na proteção e no monitoramento dos transformadores de potência, mesmo nas condições mais adversas, como na ocorrência da saturação dos transformadores de corrente, uma vez que os sinais de entrada distorcidos pela saturação são corrigidos por uma rede neural artificial. Os resultados apresentados comparam as respostas obtidas pelas técnicas propostas em relação às saídas de um relé comercial, habilitado à proteção diferencial percentual. / This work presents a set of methods for protecting and monitoring power transformers based on intelligent systems and the application of Clarke and Wavelet transforms. The intelligent approach allowed us to analyze the operating condition of power transformers and it discriminates between an internal fault and different operating conditions, as energization, sympathetic inrush, saturation of current transformers and overexcitation. Decision making is performed by fuzzy logic after the preprocessing of the input signals through various methods, varying according to which algorithm is running. It is important to point out that in the simulations using ATP many different power system equipment had been modeled, including a synchronous generator with speed regulation, transmission lines with variation in frequency, power transformers with their saturation curves, potential transformers and current transformers. The objective of these tests was to generate data for distinct situations for the verification and the analysis of the proposed methodologies. The results of the research show the applicability of the algorithms considered in protection and monitoring of power transformers, even in adverse conditions, such as saturation of current transformers, since the input signals are distorted by CT saturation corrected by artificial neural network. The results are compared to the ones presented by a commercial percentage differential relay.
422

Identificação de faltas de alta impedância em redes aéreas multiaterradas. / Identification of high impedance faults in overhead multi grounded networks.

Arias, Juan Camilo Garcia 12 December 2014 (has links)
As faltas de alta impedância (FAI) ocorrem quando um condutor entra em contato com objetos com uma alta resistência, o que não resulta em incrementos significativos de corrente. Este tipo de falta não pode ser detectada por dispositivos de proteção tradicionais que atuam por sobrecorrente. Neste trabalho uma pesquisa do estado da arte das FAI é apresentada e são implementados alguns algoritmos de detecção presentes na literatura. Nesta pesquisa também são propostas duas metodologias de identificação de FAI as quais são baseadas na identificação de buildup e incrementos de energias na faixa de frequências 1920Hz a 3840Hz. Os algoritmos implementados e as metodologias propostas foram testados com simulações de eventos de FAI e de eventos comuns numa rede simulada de uma concessionária do Estado de São Paulo utilizando o software ATP. Estudos do funcionamento de um medidor de qualidade de energia foram feitos com o propósito de determinar as limitações de uma eventual implementação real das metodologias de identificação propostas neste trabalho. Resultados do desempenho das metodologias propostas utilizando os sinais simulados em ATP apresentaram percentagens de identificação superiores aos 80%. Análise das ocorrências de cabo rompido do circuito em estudo foram feitas com o propósito de identificar possíveis eventos de FAI. O desempenho apresentado pelas metodologias propostas na identificação de FAI em sinais reais pode ser melhorado com a disponibilidade de uma maior quantidade de eventos reais de FAI. / High impedance faults (HIF) occur when a conductor makes contact with high resistance objects, generally not resulting in significant current increases. This type of fault cannot be detected by traditional overcurrent protection devices. In this work, a research of the HIF state-of-art is presented and some detection algorithms in the literature are implemented. This research also proposes two HIF identification methods based on respectively the identification of buildup current and energy increments in the frequency range from 1920Hz to 3840Hz. The implemented algorithms and the proposed methodology have been tested with ATP simulations of FAI events and other common events in a simulated network from an electric utility in the State of Sao Paulo. Studies are carried out in order to assess the operation of a power quality meter to determine the limitations of real implementations of the proposed methodologies. Performance results of the proposed methodologies using simulated ATP signals show identifications rates greater than 80%. Broken conductor occurrences in the studied feeder are analyzed to identify possible HIF events. The performance shown by the proposed methodologies in identifying HIF in real situations can be improved with the availability of a larger number of HIF events.
423

O método multigrid algébrico na resolução de sistemas lineares oriundos do método dos elementos finitos. / The algebric multigrid method for solving linear systems issued from the finite element method.

Pereira, Fábio Henrique 14 February 2007 (has links)
Este trabalho propõe uma nova abordagem, baseada em wavelets, para o método Multigrid Algébrico (WAMG). Nesta nova abordagem, a Transformada Discreta Wavelet é aplicada na matriz de coeficientes do sistema linear gerando uma aproximação dessa matriz em cada nível do processo de multiresolução. As vantagens da nova abordagem, que incluem maior facilidade de paralelização e menor tempo de montagem, são apresentadas com detalhes e uma análise quantitativa de convergência do método WAMG é realizada a partir da sua aplicação em problemas testes. O WAMG também é testado como pré- condicionador para métodos iterativos no subespaço de Krylov na análise magnetostática e magnetodinâmica (regime permanente senoidal) pelo Método dos Elementos Finitos, e em matrizes esparsas extraidas das coleções Matrix Market e da Universidade da Flórida. São apresentados resultados numéricos comparando o WAMG com o Multigrid Algébrico tradicional e com os pré-condicionadores baseados em decomposições incompletas de Cholesky e LU. / In this work we propose a wavelet-based algebraic multigrid method (WAMG) as a linear system solver as well as a prediconditioner for Krylov subspace methods. It is a new approach for the Algebraic Multigrid method (AMG), which considers the use of Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) in the construction of a hierarchy of matrices. The two-dimensional DWT is applied to produce an approximation of the matrix in each level of the wavelets multiresolution decomposition process. The main advantages of this new approach are presented and a quantitative analysis of its convergence is shown after its application in some test problems. The WAMG also is tested as a preconditioner for Krylov subspace methods in problems with sparse matrices, in nonlinear magnetic field problems and in 3D time-harmonic Electromagnetic Edge-based Finite Element Analysis. Numerical results are presented comparing the WAMG with the standard Algebraic Multigrid method and with the preconditioners based on the incomplete Cholesky and LU decompositions.
424

Análise da assinatura magnética resultante de faltas em sistemas elétricos via wavelets. / Electrical system fault based on the resulting magnetic signature by Wavelet.

Sevegnani, Francisco Xavier 21 August 2009 (has links)
Apresenta-se uma metodologia que tem como base a análise de campos magnéticos no monitoramento da qualidade da energia de sistemas elétricos. Em particular, são avaliados os aspectos referentes à detecção de faltas em sistemas elétricos. Diferente do processo de monitoração tradicional, cujos sensores precisam estar fisicamente conectados aos circuitos analisados, propõe-se estudar a viabilidade da utilização dos sinais provenientes da assinatura magnética resultante no exame do desempenho dos sistemas elétricos. Ressalta-se, assim, a característica não invasiva deste processo. Em uma primeira instância, simulações numéricas e medidas experimentais são usadas para estimar a validade deste método. Com base em valores das correntes de falta fase-terra, relacionados a configurações reais de sistemas de distribuição, provenientes de simulações numéricas e disponibilizadas na literatura, são calculados os campos magnéticos em regiões pré-selecionadas próximas às linhas. A seguir, aplicam-se os conceitos relacionados a wavelets no tratamento dos sinais resultantes. É nesta etapa que, por meio da decomposição da assinatura magnética correspondente, serão obtidos os dados necessários para se correlacionar os componentes dos sinais ao diagnóstico das faltas, nos sistemas elétricos. A Análise de múltirresolução é aplicada. Além destes resultados teóricos, aqueles provenientes de uma bancada experimental são examinados. Algumas configurações canônicas foram pré-selecionadas, visando estudar a eventual influência dos aspectos geométricos nos resultados relacionados à decomposição do sinal em análise. Embora métodos analíticos pudessem ser empregados na determinação da assinatura magnética resultante, os métodos numéricos, tais como o método dos elementos finitos, foram utilizados visando agilizar a obtenção de resultados teóricos a serem avaliados. Da mesma forma, aplicativos já disponibilizados comercialmente foram utilizados na decomposição dos sinais. Esta metodologia foi aplicada, também, para identificar faltas, aplicando-se a análise da variância para os diversos níveis do detalhe wavelet. A validação da metodologia foi feita pela comparação entre os resultados simulados e obtidos experimentalmente. / A methodology based on the analysis of magnetic fields for monitoring the quality of energy in electrical systems is presented herein. Aspects referring to fault detection in electrical systems in particular are evaluated. Contrary to the traditional monitoring process, in which sensors must be physically linked to the circuits under analysis, the results are presented from a feasibility study on the use of signals arising from the resulting magnetic signature by means of the electrical systems analysis. Thus the non-invasive characteristic of this process should be pointed out. First, numerical simulations and experimental measures were used to estimate the validity of this method. Based on values of the current of phase-earth fault related to actual features of the distribution systems and derived from numeric simulations found in the literature, the magnetic fields, in pre-established regions, were calculated. Following this, the concepts related to wavelets in the treatment of resulting signals were applied. It is in this phase that, by means of the decomposition of the corresponding magnetic signature, the data necessary to correlate the signal components for the diagnosis of faults in electrical systems were obtained. A Multiresolution Analysis (MRA) was applied. In addition to these theoretical results, the results from a laboratory workbench were also examined. Some canonical features were pre-selected, aiming to study the influence of geometric aspects on the results related to the signal decomposition analyzed. Although analytical methods could be employed to determine the resulting magnetic signature, numerical methods, such as the finite element method, were used to expedite obtaining the theoretical results to be analyzed. Likewise, commercial software was also used for the decomposition of signals. This methodology was validated by comparing the measured and simulated magnetic flux density. This methodology was also applied to identify and classify faults by means of the variance curve towards the wavelet detail.
425

Modelo matemático para estudo da variabilidade da frequência cardíaca

Evaristo, Ronaldo Mendes 08 December 2017 (has links)
Submitted by Angela Maria de Oliveira (amolivei@uepg.br) on 2018-02-08T13:10:32Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Ronaldo Mendes Evaristo.pdf: 2297085 bytes, checksum: 293f7e08aca7690caa0d317480f9e18e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-08T13:10:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Ronaldo Mendes Evaristo.pdf: 2297085 bytes, checksum: 293f7e08aca7690caa0d317480f9e18e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-08 / Nos ultimos anos, o aumento da incidência de doenças cardiovasculares na população mundial vem motivando a comunidade científica a buscar novas técnicas ou inovações tecnológicas para complementar os métodos existentes para avaliação do desempenho do coração. Dentre elas, destaca-se a análise da Variabilidade da Frequência Cardíarca (VFC) via eletrocardiograma (ECG), método não invasivo importante na detecção de patologias leves e moderadas cada vez mais frequentes nos seres humanos como doenças coronarianas, arritmias, bradicardias e taquicardias, além de distúrbios na relação entre os sistemas nervosos simpático e parassimpático. Neste trabalho é introduzida uma inovação em um modelo matemático baseado em modulações de exponenciais gaussianas utilizado para reproduzir a morfologia do ECG de seres humanos. Trata-se da introdução de tacogramas gerados por um processo estocástico autorregressivo (AR), previamente à integração das equações diferenciais do modelo, capaz de reproduzir com maior fidelidade a VFC quando comparados com dados experimentais de adultos saudaveis e de adultos com doença arterial coronariana (DAC). Para validar o modelo, os resultados simulados são comparados com dados experimentais via espectro de potencia da transformada wavelet discreta (TWD), gráficos de Poincare e pela analise de flutuação sem tendência. Verificamos que a DAC não altera a morfologia do ECG em situação de repouso, mas influencia significativamente na VFC, sendo que o modelo matemático proposto absorve e reproduz esse comportamento. / In recent years, the increase in the incidence of cardiovascular diseases in the world population has motivated the scientific community to seek new techniques or technological innovations to complement existing methods for assessing heart performance. Among them, stands out the analysis of the Heart Rate Variability (HRV) by electrocardiogram (ECG), an important non-invasive method for the detection of mild and moderate pathologies that are increasingly frequent in humans such as coronary diseases, arrhythmias, bradycardia and tachycardias, besides disturbances in the relationship between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. This work introduces an innovation in a mathematical model based on Gaussian exponential modulations used to reproduce the ECG morphology of humans. This is the introduction of tachograms generated by an autoregressive stochastic process (AR), prior to the integration of the diferential equations of the model, capable of reproducing with better delity the HRV when compared with experimental data of healthy adults and adults with coronary artery disease (CAD). In order to validate the model, the simulated results are compared with experimental data using the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) power spectrum, Poincare plots and the detrended uctuation analysis (DFA). We verified that CAD does not change the morphology of ECG in resting state, but it has a significant in uence on HRV, and the proposed mathematical model absorbs and reproduces this behavior.
426

Modélisation de la propagation atmosphérique d'ondes électromagnétiques en 2D et 3D à partir de transformées de Fourier et en ondelettes / Modeling the atmospheric propagation of electromagnetic waves in 2D and 3D using fourier and wavelet transforms

Zhou, Hang 06 April 2018 (has links)
La propagation à longue distance est un problème majeur dans les télécommunications, la navigation et la surveillance. L'objectif de cette thèse est de développer une méthode rapide pour simuler la propagation des ondes dans une atmosphère en 2D et 3D. Dans ce travail, deux contributions principales vers cet objectif sont obtenues. Tout d'abord, des méthodes auto-cohérentes,c'est-à-dire basées sur une théorie discrète de l'électromagnétisme, sont développées en 2D et 3D. Ensuite, une méthode rapide 2D basée sur les ondelettes est proposée. Pour simuler la propagation d'ondes électromagnétiques dans une atmosphère 2D, la méthode split-step Fourier (SSF) est largement utilisée. Le calcul est effectué itérativement en distances en tenant compte d'une réfractivité variable, du relief et des caractéristiques du sol. À chaque pas, le signal est transformé du domaine spatial au domaine spectral. La méthode des écrans de phase est appliquée pour modéliser les effets de réfraction. D'autre part, pour modéliser un sol impédant, la transformée mixte de Fourier discrète (SSF-DMFT) est utilisée. Le concept de la théorie électromagnétique auto-cohérente implique que l'utilisation d'équations de Maxwell discrètes pour la simulation numérique évite les solutions parasites. Dans la méthode couramment utilisée SSF-DMFT, la transformée spectrale est basée sur la condition aux limites d'impédance discrète, alors que le propagateur provient de l'équation continue. Pour pallier cette incohérence, une méthode auto-cohérente est proposée, notée la DSSF-DMFT. La formulation est dérivée des équations discrètes pour obtenir l'auto-cohérence. Des tests numériques montrent que SSF-DMFT présente des oscillations parasites dans certaines conditions de simulation, tandis que DSSF-DMFT reste précis. En effet, l'auto-cohérence empêche certaines instabilités numériques. Pour simuler la propagation dans des environnements en 3D, les méthodes précédentes doivent être étendues en 3D. Tout d'abord, la 3D-SSF est présentée comme une extension naturelle de la SSF. Ensuite, la 3D-DSSF est dérivée d'équations discrètes. Pour considérer un sol impédant, la 3D-DSSF-DMFT est développée conduisant à de nouvelles expressions pour les propagateurs. Ces méthodes sont testées dans plusieurs configurations incluant un profil de réfractivité extrait de mesures. Les résultats montrent une grande précision et une capacité à prendre en compte les effets latéraux. Cependant, pour la propagation dans de grand domaines, les ressources nécessaires en temps et en mémoire deviennent la préoccupation principale. Pour alléger la charge de calcul, une méthode split-step en ondelettes (SSW) est proposée en 2D comme une méthode alternative à SSF. Elle est basée sur la transformée rapide en ondelettes dont la complexité est faible et qui permet de compresser les champs. La propagation est réalisée à partir d'une combinaison linéaire d'ondelettes propagées individuellement. La compression est appliquée pour augmenter l'efficacité. Afin de considérer la réflexion sur le sol, une nouvelle méthode de source image locale dédiée à la propagation des ondelettes est proposée. Les tests numériques montrent que la SSW a une efficacité de calcul plus élevée que la SSF tout en gardant une bonne précision. / The long-range propagation of electromagnetic waves is a major issue in telecommunication, navigation, and surveillance. The objective of this Ph.D. thesis is to develop fast and accurate modeling methods for the tropospheric propagation in 2D and 3D. In this work, two main contributions towards this objective are achieved. Firstly, self-consistent methods, i.e. based on the discrete electromagnetic theory, are developed in 2D and 3D. Secondly, a fast wavelet-based 2D method is proposed. For simulating the electromagnetic wave propagation in a 2D atmosphere, the split-step Fourier method (SSF) is widely used. The computation is performed marching on in distances taking into account a variable refractivity, an irregular relief, and the electric characteristics of the ground. At each step, the signal is transformed from the spatial to the spectral domains. The phase screens method is applied to model refraction. Besides, to model an impedance ground, the discrete mixed Fourier transform (SSF-DMFT) is used. The concept of the self-consistent electromagnetic theory implies that the use of discrete Maxwell equations for numerical simulations does not lead to spurious solutions. In the widely used SSF-DMFT, the spectral transform is based on the discrete impedance boundary condition, while the propagator is derived from the continuous equation. To overcome this inconsistency, a discrete formulation of SSF-DMFT is proposed, denoted as DSSF-DMFT. The spectral transform and propagator are both derived from the discrete equations to achieve self-consistency. Numerical tests show that SSF-DMFT has spurious oscillations in certain simulation conditions, whereas DSSF-DMFT remains accurate. Indeed, the self-consistency prevents from numerical instabilities. To simulate the propagation in 3D environments, the previous methods are extended to 3D. First, 3D-SSF is presented as a natural extension of SSF. Then, 3D-DSSF is derived from discrete equations. To consider an impedance ground, 3D-DSSF-DMFT is developed leading to new expressions for the propagators. These methods are tested for several configurations, including a refractivity profile extracted from measurements. Results show that they have a high accuracy. They notably consider lateral effects. However, for the propagation in a large computation domain, time and memory occupations become the main concern. To improve the computation burden, a split-step wavelet method (SSW) is proposed in 2D as an alternative to SSF. It is based on the fast wavelet transform, which complexity is weak and which allows for data compression. The propagation is performed by means of a linear combination of wavelets that are individually propagated. Data compression is applied to increase the efficiency. A new local image source method dedicated to wavelet propagation is proposed to consider the ground reflection. Numerical tests show that this method has a higher computational efficiency than SSF while keeping a good accuracy.
427

Contribution aux traitements des incertitudes : application à la métrologie des nanoparticules en phase aérosol. / Contribution to the treatment of uncertainties. : Application to the metrology of nanoparticles under aerosol-phase.

Coquelin, Loïc 04 October 2013 (has links)
Cette thèse a pour objectif de fournir aux utilisateurs de SMPS (Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer) une méthodologie pour calculer les incertitudes associées à l’estimation de la granulométrie en nombre des aérosols. Le résultat de mesure est le comptage des particules de l’aérosol en fonction du temps. Estimer la granulométrie en nombre de l’aérosol à partir des mesures CNC revient à considérer un problème inverse sous incertitudes.Une revue des modèles existants est présentée dans le premier chapitre. Le modèle physique retenu fait consensus dans le domaine d’application.Dans le deuxième chapitre, un critère pour l’estimation de la granulométrie en nombre qui couple les techniques de régularisation et de la décomposition sur une base d’ondelettes est décrit.La nouveauté des travaux présentés réside dans l’estimation de granulométries présentant à la fois des variations lentes et des variations rapides. L’approche multi-échelle que nous proposons pour la définition du nouveau critère de régularisation permet d’ajuster les poids de la régularisation sur chaque échelle du signal. La méthode est alors comparée avec la régularisation classique. Les résultats montrent que les estimations proposées par la nouvelle méthode sont meilleures (au sens du MSE) que les estimations classiques.Le dernier chapitre de cette thèse traite de la propagation de l’incertitude à travers le modèle d’inversiondes données. C’est une première dans le domaine d’application car aucune incertitude n’est associée actuellement au résultat de mesure. Contrairement à l’approche classique qui utilise un modèle fixe pour l’inversion en faisant porter l’incertitude sur les entrées, nous proposons d’utiliser un modèle d’inversion aléatoire (tirage Monte-Carlo) afin d’intégrer les erreurs de modèle. Une estimation moyenne de la granulométrie en nombre de l’aérosol et une incertitude associée sous forme d’une région de confiance à 95 % est finalement présentée sur quelques mesures réelles. / This thesis aims to provide SMPS (Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer) users with a methodology to compute the uncertainties associated with the estimation of aerosol size distributions. Recovering aerosol size distribution yields to consider an inverse problem under uncertainty.The first chapter of his thesis presents a review of physical models and it shows that competitive theories exist to model the physic.A new criterion that couples regularization techniques and decomposition on a wavelet basis is described in chapter 2 to perform the estimation of the size distribution.Main improvement of this work is brought when size distributions to be estimated show both broad and sharp profiles. The multi-scale approach helps to adjust the weights of the regularization on each scale of the signal. The method is then tested against common regularization and shows better estimates (in terms of the mean square error).Last chapter of this thesis deals with the propagation of the uncertainty through the data inversion process.Results from SMPS measurements are not given with any uncertainty at this time so providing end-users with an uncertainty is already a real improvement. Common approach is to consider a fixed physical model and to model the inputs (particle count) as random. We choose to consider both the physical model as well as the inputs as random to account for the model error. The result is expressed as a mean estimate of the size distribution with a 95% coverage region. The all methodology is finally tested on real measurements.
428

Técnicas para a detecção, classificação e localização no tempo das variações de tensão de curta e longa duração / Techniques for detection, classification and location in time of short and long-time voltage variations

Rodrigues, Letícia Caldeira Pereira 12 September 2008 (has links)
Os objetivos deste trabalho vão da apresentação do andamento das pesquisas relacionadas à análise de distúrbios associados à qualidade da energia elétrica (QEE), até a proposta de um algoritmo baseado em diversas ferramentas para a detecção e localização no tempo, bem como a classificação automática destes distúrbios. Nesta pesquisa é proposta uma detecção não somente do início e fim de um único evento, mas também, de n possíveis desconformidades na forma de onda que possam vir a ocorrer ou existir em determinados registros e/ou arquivos de dados em análise. Como diferencial deste trabalho, tem-se que da determinação da localização das alterações/descontinuidades na forma de onda, foi possível obter janelas de dados com tamanhos flexíveis. Desta maneira, vários eventos sobre o sinal em análise puderam ser avaliados, bem como as durações associadas. Para isso, a Transformada Wavelet (TW) foi utilizada para realizar a detecção e também a localização destas alterações no tempo. Já para a classificação da ocorrência, ou das ocorrências, a TW, a Transformada de Fourier (TF) e o valor RMS foram empregados. A flexibilidade das janelas de dados permitiu uma adequada escolha de qual ferramenta poderia ser mais bem utilizada na classificação. Conforme implementado, cada uma destas ferramentas apresenta uma resposta e através de um módulo de decisão lógica é determinada a resposta final do algoritmo. Para validar o estudo, várias situações de distúrbios foram caracterizadas referentes a um sistema elétrico de distribuição real, implementado e simulado pela aplicação do software ATP (Alternative Transients Program). Os resultados obtidos foram excelentes tanto para a detecção e localização no tempo, como para a classificação e estimação da amplitude e duração dos eventos. / The objectives of this work are going since the presentation of the researches related to the analyses of power quality (PQ) disturbances through the proposal of an algorithm based on several tools for detection and location in time, as well as the automatic classification of these phenomena. It is proposed to determine not only the initial and the end of a unique event, but all the n possible disconformities in the waveform that can exist or occur in the data file registered data in analyses. As the differential of this research, from the location in time of the alteration/discontinuities in the waveforms, it was possible to obtain data windows with flexible sizes. So, several events on the signal were evaluated, as well as their specific timeduration. For this purpose, the Wavelet transform (WT) was used to reach the detection and localization in time of the waveform alterations. For the event classification, the TW, the Fourier transform (FT) and the Root Mean Square (RMS) value were used. The data window flexibility allowed an appropriate choice of which tool could be better used in the classification task. As implemented, each one of these tools presented an answer, and the final answer was obtained by using a logic decision module. To validate the study, some situations of disturbances were characterized using a real distribution system, implemented and simulated applying the ATP (Alternative Transients Program) software. The results were excellent in such a way for detection and localization in time, as well as for the automatic classification and estimation of the magnitude and the event duration.
429

Uncovering hidden information and relations in time series data with wavelet analysis : three case studies in finance

Al Rababa'A, Abdel Razzaq January 2017 (has links)
This thesis aims to provide new insights into the importance of decomposing aggregate time series data using the Maximum Overlap Discrete Wavelet Transform. In particular, the analysis throughout this thesis involves decomposing aggregate financial time series data at hand into approximation (low-frequency) and detail (high-frequency) components. Following this, information and hidden relations can be extracted for different investment horizons, as matched with the detail components. The first study examines the ability of different GARCH models to forecast stock return volatility in eight international stock markets. The results demonstrate that de-noising the returns improves the accuracy of volatility forecasts regardless of the statistical test employed. After de-noising, the asymmetric GARCH approach tends to be preferred, although that result is not universal. Furthermore, wavelet de-noising is found to be more important at the key 99% Value-at-Risk level compared to the 95% level. The second study examines the impact of fourteen macroeconomic news announcements on the stock and bond return dynamic correlation in the U.S. from the day of the announcement up to sixteen days afterwards. Results conducted over the full sample offer very little evidence that macroeconomic news announcements affect the stock-bond return dynamic correlation. However, after controlling for the financial crisis of 2007-2008 several announcements become significant both on the announcement day and afterwards. Furthermore, the study observes that news released early in the day, i.e. before 12 pm, and in the first half of the month, exhibit a slower effect on the dynamic correlation than those released later in the month or later in the day. While several announcements exhibit significance in the 2008 crisis period, only CPI and Housing Starts show significant and consistent effects on the correlation outside the 2001, 2008 and 2011 crises periods. The final study investigates whether recent returns and the time-scaled return can predict the subsequent trading in ten stock markets. The study finds little evidence that recent returns do predict the subsequent trading, though this predictability is observed more over the long-run horizon. The study also finds a statistical relation between trading and return over the long-time investment horizons of [8-16] and [16-32] day periods. Yet, this relation is mostly a negative one, only being positive for developing countries. It also tends to be economically stronger during bull-periods.
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Sistema híbrido inteligente para o monitoramento e proteção de transformadores de potência / Hybrid intelligent system for monitoring and protection of power transformers

Daniel Barbosa 15 October 2010 (has links)
Este trabalho apresenta um conjunto de métodos para a proteção e o monitoramento de transformadores de potência baseado em sistemas inteligentes e na aplicação das transformadas de Clarke e Wavelet. A abordagem inteligente utilizada permite analisar a condição operativa dos transformadores de potência e detectar a ocorrência de defeito interno, distinguindo-a de outras situações de operação, como, a energização, a energização solidária, a saturação dos transformadores de corrente e a sobreexcitação. As tomadas de decisão das técnicas desenvolvidas são realizadas pela lógica fuzzy após o pré-processamento dos sinais de entrada por meio de diversos métodos, os quais variam de acordo com o algoritmo que esta sendo executado. Os algoritmos propostos foram testados por meio de simulações realizadas através do software Alternative Transients Program (ATP). É importante salientar que nas simulações do ATP foram modelados diversos equipamentos que constituem o sistema elétrico de potência, incluindo um gerador síncrono com regulação de velocidade, linhas de transmissão com variação em frequência, transformadores de potência com suas respectivas curvas de saturação, transformadores de potencial e de corrente. Estas modelagens tiveram por objetivo gerar dados das distintas situações de operação para a verificação e análise da metodologia proposta. Os resultados da pesquisa mostram a aplicabilidade dos algoritmos propostos na proteção e no monitoramento dos transformadores de potência, mesmo nas condições mais adversas, como na ocorrência da saturação dos transformadores de corrente, uma vez que os sinais de entrada distorcidos pela saturação são corrigidos por uma rede neural artificial. Os resultados apresentados comparam as respostas obtidas pelas técnicas propostas em relação às saídas de um relé comercial, habilitado à proteção diferencial percentual. / This work presents a set of methods for protecting and monitoring power transformers based on intelligent systems and the application of Clarke and Wavelet transforms. The intelligent approach allowed us to analyze the operating condition of power transformers and it discriminates between an internal fault and different operating conditions, as energization, sympathetic inrush, saturation of current transformers and overexcitation. Decision making is performed by fuzzy logic after the preprocessing of the input signals through various methods, varying according to which algorithm is running. It is important to point out that in the simulations using ATP many different power system equipment had been modeled, including a synchronous generator with speed regulation, transmission lines with variation in frequency, power transformers with their saturation curves, potential transformers and current transformers. The objective of these tests was to generate data for distinct situations for the verification and the analysis of the proposed methodologies. The results of the research show the applicability of the algorithms considered in protection and monitoring of power transformers, even in adverse conditions, such as saturation of current transformers, since the input signals are distorted by CT saturation corrected by artificial neural network. The results are compared to the ones presented by a commercial percentage differential relay.

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