Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Many fatal traffic accidents are caused by fatigued and drowsy drivers. In this context, automatic drowsiness detection devices are an alternative to minimize this issue. In this work, two new methodologies to drowsiness detection are presented, considering a signal obtained from a single electroencephalography channel: (i) drowsiness detection through best m-term approximation, applied to the wavelet expansion of the analysed signal; (ii) drowsiness detection through Mahalanobis distance with wavelet coefficients. The results of both methodologies are compared with a method which uses Mahalanobis distance and Fourier coefficients to drowsiness detection. All methodologies consider the medical evaluation of the brain signal, given by the hypnogram, as a reference. / A sonolência diurna em motoristas, principal consequência da privação de sono, tem sido a causa de diversos acidentes graves de trânsito. Neste contexto, a utilização de dispositivos que alertem o condutor ao detectar automaticamente o estado de sonolência é uma alternativa para a minimização deste problema. Neste trabalho, duas novas metodologias para a detecção automática da sonolência são apresentadas, utilizando um único canal de eletroencefalografia para a obtenção do sinal: (i) detecção da sonolência via melhor aproximação por m-termos, aplicada aos coeficientes wavelets da expansão em série do sinal; e (ii) detecção da sonolência via distância de Mahalanobis e coeficientes wavelets. Os resultados de ambas as metodologias são comparados a uma implementação utilizando distância de Mahalanobis e coeficientes de Fourier. Para todas as metodologias, utiliza-se como referência a avaliação médica do sinal cerebral, dada pelo hipnograma.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:08:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DanielE_DISSERT.pdf: 1217613 bytes, checksum: edb565b9e30a0c09780fcf4efd4a52dc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-04-05 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / In the Hydrocarbon exploration activities, the great enigma is the location of the deposits. Great efforts are undertaken in an attempt to better identify them, locate them and at the same time, enhance cost-effectiveness relationship of extraction of oil. Seismic methods are the most widely used because they are indirect, i.e., probing the subsurface layers without invading them. Seismogram is the representation of the Earth s interior and its structures through a conveniently disposed arrangement of the data obtained by seismic reflection. A major problem in this representation is the intensity and variety of present noise in the seismogram, as the surface bearing noise that contaminates the relevant signals, and may mask the desired information, brought by waves scattered in deeper regions of the geological layers. It was developed a tool to suppress these noises based on wavelet transform 1D and 2D. The Java language program makes the separation of seismic images considering the directions (horizontal, vertical, mixed or local) and bands of wavelengths that form these images, using the Daubechies Wavelets, Auto-resolution and Tensor Product of wavelet bases. Besides, it was developed the option in a single image, using the tensor product of two-dimensional wavelets or one-wavelet tensor product by identities. In the latter case, we have the wavelet decomposition in a two dimensional signal in a single direction. This decomposition has allowed to lengthen a certain direction the two-dimensional Wavelets, correcting the effects of scales by applying Auto-resolutions. In other words, it has been improved the treatment of a seismic image using 1D wavelet and 2D wavelet at different stages of Auto-resolution. It was also implemented improvements in the display of images associated with breakdowns in each Auto-resolution, facilitating the choices of images with the signals of interest for image reconstruction without noise. The program was tested with real data and the results were good / Na atividade explorat?ria de hidrocarbonetos a grande inc?gnita ? a localiza??o das jazidas. Grandes esfor?os s?o empreendidos na tentativa de melhor identific?-las, localiz?-las e, ao mesmo tempo, otimizar a rela??o custo-benef?cio da extra??o de Petr?leo. Os m?todos s?smicos s?o os mais utilizados pelo fato de serem indiretos, isto ?, sondam as camadas de subsuperf?cie sem invadi-las. O sismograma ? a representa??o do interior da Terra e de suas estruturas atrav?s de um arranjo convenientemente disposto dos dados obtidos por meio da s?smica de reflex?o. Um grande problema nessa representa??o ? a intensidade e variedade de ru?dos presentes no sismograma, como o ru?do de rolamento superficial que contamina os sinais relevantes e pode mascarar as informa??es desejadas, trazidas por ondas espalhadas em regi?es mais profundas das camadas geol?gicas. Desenvolvemos uma ferramenta para suprimir estes ru?dos que usa transformadas Wavelets 1D e 2D. O programa, em linguagem Java, faz a separa??o das imagens S?smicas considerando as dire??es (horizontal, vertical e mistas ou locais) e faixas de comprimentos de ondas que formam essas imagens, usando Wavelets de Daubechies, Autoresolu??o que duplica o comprimento das ondas e Produto Tensorial das bases de Wavelets. Desenvolvemos a op??o, em uma mesma imagem, de usar o produto tensorial de Wavelets de dimens?o 2 ou produto tensorial de Wavelets de dimens?o 1 pelas identidades. Neste ?ltimo caso, temos a Decomposi??o em Wavelets de um sinal bidimensional em uma ?nica dire??o. Esta decomposi??o permite alongar numa determinada dire??o as Wavelets bidimensionais, corrigindo efeitos de escalas ao aplicarmos Autoresolu??es. Em outras palavras, aperfei?oamos o tratamento de uma imagem s?smica, usandoWavelet 1D eWavelet 2D em etapas diferentes de Autoresolu??es. Tamb?m implementamos melhorias na visualiza??o das imagens associadas ?s decomposi??es em cada Autoresolu??o, facilitando as escolhas das imagens com os sinais de interesse para reconstru??o da imagem sem os ru?dos. O programa foi testado com dados reais e os resultados obtidos foram de boa qualidade

No description available.

This work concentrates on the application of diversity techniques and space time block coding for future high speed mobile wireless communications on multicarrier systems. At first, alternative multicarrier kernels robust for high speed doubly-selective fading channel are sought. They include the comparisons of discrete Fourier transform (DFT), fractional Fourier transform (FrFT) and wavelet transform (WT) multicarrier kernels. Different wavelet types, including the raised-cosine spectrum wavelets are implemented, evaluated and compared. From different wavelet families, orthogonal wavelets are isolated from detailed evaluations and comparisons as suitable for multicarrier applications. The three transforms are compared over a doubly-selective channel with the WT significantly outperforming all for high speed conditions up to 300 km/hr. Then, a new wavelet is constructed from an ideal filter approximation using established wavelet design algorithms to match any signal of interest; in this case under bandlimited criteria. The new wavelet showed better performance than other traditional orthogonal wavelets. To achieve MIMO communication, orthogonal space-time block coding, OSTBC, is evaluated next. First, the OSTBC is extended to assess the performance of the scheme over extended receiver diversity order. Again, with the extended diversity conditions, the OSTBC is implemented for a multicarrier system over a doubly-selective fading channel. The MIMO-OFDM systems (implemented using DFT and WT kernels) are evaluated for different operating frequencies, typical of LTE standard, with Doppler effects. It was found that, during high mobile speed, it is better to transmit OFDM signals using lower operating frequencies. The information theory for the 2-transmit antenna OSTBC does not support higher order implementation of multi-antenna systems, which is required for the future generation wireless communications systems. Instead of the OSTBC, the QO-STBC is usually deployed to support the design of higher order multi-antenna systems other than the 2-transmit antenna scheme. The performances of traditional QO-STBC methods are diminished by some off-diagonal (interference) terms such that the resulting system does not attain full diversity. Some methods for eliminating the interference terms have earlier been discussed. This work follows the construction of cyclic matrices with Hadamard matrix to derive QO-STBC codes construction which are N-times better than interference free QO-STBC, where N is the number of transmit antenna branches.

Dans cette thèse, nous nous intéressons aux méthodes de la fusion d'images multi focales. Cette technique consiste à fusionner plusieurs images capturées avec différentes distances focales de la même scène. Cela permet d'obtenir une image de meilleure qualité à partir des deux images sources. Nous proposons une méthode de fusion d'images s'appuyant sur les techniques des pyramides Laplaciennes en utilisant comme règle de sélection les transformées d'ondelettes discretes(DWT: Discrete Wavelet Transform). Nous développons, par la suite, deux méthodes de fusion d'images multi focales basée sur la variabilité locale de chaque pixel. Elle tient en compte les informations dans la région environnante des pixels. La première consiste à utiliser la variabilité locale comme information dans la méthode de Dempster-Shafer. La seconde utilise une métrique basée sur la variabilité locale. En effet, la fusion proposée effectue une pondération de chaque pixel par une exponentielle de sa variabilité locale. Une étude comparative entre les méthodes proposées et celles existantes a été réalisée. Les résultats expérimentaux démontrent que nos méthodes proposées donnent des meilleurs fusions, tant dans la perception visuelle que dans l'analyse quantitative. / In this thesis, we are interested in the multi-focus image fusion method. This technique consists of fusing several captured images with different focal lengths of the same scene to obtain an image with better quality than the two source images. We propose an image fusion method based on Laplacian pyramid technique using Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) as a selection rule. We then develop two multi-focus image fusion methods based on the local variability of each pixel. It takes into account the information in the surrounding pixel area. The first method is to use local variability as an information in the Dempster-Shafer theory. The second method uses a metric based on local variability. Indeed, the proposed fusion method weighs each pixel by an exponential of its local variability. A comparative study between the proposed methods and the existing methods was carried out. The experimental results show that our proposed methods give better fusions, both in visual perception and in quantitative analysis.

Submitted by Lucienne Costa (lucienneferreira@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-04-24T17:30:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 CAIO MARCO DOS SANTOS JUNQUEIRA – DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGEE) 2017.pdf: 6011061 bytes, checksum: 25c9c9fad6015613e54aae9e700918af (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-24T17:30:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CAIO MARCO DOS SANTOS JUNQUEIRA – DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGEE) 2017.pdf: 6011061 bytes, checksum: 25c9c9fad6015613e54aae9e700918af (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-09 / Capes / Um algoritmo para alocação ótima de detectores de afundamentos de tensão (AT) é apresentado nesta dissertação. O algoritmo utiliza a Transformada Wavelet Discreta (TWD) paraa detecção de AT e o conceito de Matriz de Observabilidade Topológica (MOT) para avaliar o desempenho dos Sistemas de Distribuição de Energia Elétrica (SDEE) quando submetidos à tais distúrbios. Para resolver o problema de alocação ótima dos dispositivos detectores de AT, utilizou-se o método Binary Particle Swarm Optimi- tization (BPSO). Adicionalmente, apresenta-se uma metodologia de criação de uma base de dados para geração automática de AT. O algoritmo foi avaliado considerando-se dois sistemas: um sistema-testedo IEEE e um SDEE que simula um alimentador real da cidade de BoaVista-PB, os quais foram simulados no software Alternative Transient Pro- gram (ATP). Osresultados obtidos indicaram que o algoritmo é capaz de detectar AT em todo o sistema, fazendo o uso da instalação de detectores em poucas barras, oque indubitavelmente, reduzirá o custo do sistema de monitoramento. / An algorithm for optimal placement of voltage sags (VS) detectors is presented in this dissertation. The algorithm uses the Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) for VS detection and the Topological Observability Matrix (TOM) concept to evaluate the per- formance of the Electric Power Distribution Systems (EPDS) when subjected to such disturbances. In order to solve the problem of optimal placement of the VS detecting devices, the Binary Particle Swarm Optimization (BPSO) method was used. Additionally, a methodology for the creation of a database for automatic VS generation is presented. The algorithm was evaluated considering two systems: an IEEE test system and a EPDS that simulates a real feeder in Boa Vista-PB city, which were simulated in the Alternative Transient Program (ATP) software. The results indicate that the algorithm is capable of detecting VS throughout the system, using the installation of detectors in a few buses, which will undoubtedly reduce the cost of the monitoring system.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:56:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CecilioMSN_DISSERT.pdf: 1132732 bytes, checksum: 95ce32ef2cdf325116d25b76e2b1858a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-07-05 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / The power system stabilizers are used to suppress low-frequency electromechanical oscillations and improve the synchronous generator stability limits. This master thesis proposes a wavelet-based power system stabilizer, composed of a new methodology for extraction and compensation of electromechanical oscillations in electrical power systems based on the scaling coefficient energy of the maximal overlap discrete wavelet transform in order to reduce the effects of delay and attenuation of conventional power system stabilizers. Moreover, the wavelet coefficient energy is used for electric oscillation detection and triggering the power system stabilizer only in fault situations. The performance of the proposed power system stabilizer was assessed with experimental results and comparison with the conventional power system stabilizer. Furthermore, the effects of the mother wavelet were also evaluated in this work / Os estabilizadores de sistemas de pot?ncia s?o empregados para suprimir oscila??es eletromec?nicas, de baixa frequ?ncia, e estender os limites de estabilidade de geradores s?ncronos. Prop?e-se nesta disserta??o de mestrado um estabilizador de sistema de pot?ncia baseado nas wavelets, composta por uma novametodologia para extra??o e compensa??o de oscila??es eletromec?nicas em sistemas el?tricos de pot?ncia baseada nas energias dos coeficientes de aproxima??o da transformada wavelet discreta redundante, com o objetivo de reduzir os efeitos de atraso e atenua??es dos estabilizadores de sistemas de pot?ncia convencionais. Por outro lado, as energias dos coeficientes wavelet s?o utilizadas para detec??o das oscila??es el?tricas e habilita??o do estabilizador de sistema de pot?ncia proposto apenas nas situa??es de falta. A efic?cia do desempenho do estabilizador de sistema de pot?ncia proposto foi comprovada por meio de resultados experimentais, cujo desempenho foi comparado com o desempenho do estabilizador de sistema de pot?ncia convencional. Al?m disso, os efeitos das wavelets m?es tamb?m foram avaliados

Ce travail s’inscrit dans le cadre du développement d’une médecine davantage personnalisée et préventive, pour laquelle la fusion d’informations multi modale et de différentes représentations d'une même modalité sont nécessaires afin d'aboutir à une quantification fiable des images médicales en oncologie. Dans cette étude nous présentons deux applications de traitement et d'analyse des images médicales: le débruitage des images TEP et la détermination des volumes anatomo-fonctionnels des tumeurs en imagerie multi modale TEP/TDM. Pour le débruitage des images TEP, nous avons mis en place une approche intitulée "WCD" permettant de bénéficier des caractéristiques complémentaires de la transformée en ondelettes et la transformée en Curvelets afin de mieux représenter les structures isotropiques et anisotropiques dans ces images, ce qui permet de réduire le bruit tout en minimisant les pertes d'informations utiles dans les images TEP. En ce qui concerne la deuxième application, nous avons proposé une méthode de segmentationTEP/TDM intitulée "WCHMT" permettant d'exploiter la spécificité des arbres de Markov caché de prendre en compte les dépendances statistiques entre l’ensemble des données. Ce modèle permet de gérer simultanément les propriétés complémentaires de l’imagerie fonctionnelle et l’imagerie morphologique dans un cadre unifié où les données sont représentées dans le domaine des Contourlets. Le débruitage en TEP a abouti à une hausse significative du rapport signal sur-bruit (SNR) en garantissant la moindre variation de l'intensité et du contraste local. Quant à la segmentation multimodale TEP/TDM, elle a démontré une bonne précision lors de la détermination du volume tumoral en terme du coefficient de Dice (DSC) avec le meilleur compromis entre la sensibilité (SE) et la valeur prédictive positive (PPV) par rapport à la vérité terrain. / This thesis is a part of the development of more personalized and preventive medicine, for which a fusion of multi modal information and diverse representations of the same modality is needed in order to get accurate and reliable quantification of medical images in oncology. In this study we present two applications for image processing analysis: PET denoising and multimodal PET/CT tumor segmentation. The PET filtering approach called "WCD" take benefit from the complementary features of the wavelet and Curvelets transforms in order to better represent isotropic and anisotropic structures in PET images. This algorithm allows the reduction of the noise while minimizing the loss of useful information in PET images. The PET/CT tumor segmentation application is performed through a Markov model as a probabilistic quadtree graph namely a Hidden Markov Tree (HMT).Our motivation for using such a model is to provide fast computation, improved robustness and an effective interpretational framework for image analysis on oncology. Thanks to two efficient aspects (multi observation and multi resolution), when dealing with Hidden Markov Tree (HMT), we exploit joint statistical dependencies between hidden states to handle the whole data stack. This model called "WCHMT" take advantage of the high resolution of the anatomic imaging (CT) and the high contrast of the functional imaging (PET). The denoising approach led to the best trade-off between denoising quality and structure preservation with the least quantitative bias in absolute intensity recovery. PET/CT segmentation's results performed with WCHMT method has proven a reliable segmentation when providing high Dice Similarity Coeffcient (DSC) with the best trade-off between sensitivity (SE) and positive predictive value (PPV).

L’intéraction entre la biologie et l’électronique est une discpline en pleine essort. De nom-breux systèmes électroniques tentent de s’interconnecter avec des tissus ou des cellules vivantesafin de décoder l’information biologique. Le Potentiel d’action (PA) est au coeur de codagebiologique et par conséquent il est nécéssaire de pouvoir les repérer sur tout type de signal bio-logique. Par conséquent, nous étudions dans ce manuscrit la possibilité de concevoir un circuitélectronique couplé à un système de microélectrodes capable d’effectuer une acquisition, unedétection des PAs et un enregistrement des signaux biologiques. Que ce soit en milieu bruitéou non, nous considérons le taux de détection de PA et la contrainte de temps réel commedes notions primordiales et la consommation en silicium comme un prix à payer. Initialementdéveloppés pour l’étude de signaux neuronaux et pancréatiques, ces systèmes conviennent par-faitement pour d’autres type de cellules. / Interaction between biology and electronic is in expansion. Many electronic systems aretrying to interconnect with tissues or living cells to decode biological information. The ActionPotential (AP) is the heart of biological coding and therefore it is necessary to be able to locateit from any type of biological signal. Therefore, we study in this manuscript the possibility ofdesigning an electronic circuit coupled to microelectrodes capable of acquisition, detection ofPAs and recording of biological signals. Whether or not in a noisy environment, we consider thedetection rate of PA and the real time-computing constraint as an hard specificationand andsilicon area as a price to pay. Initially developed for the study of neural signals and pancreatic,these systems are ideal for other types of cells.

Le rendement des compresseurs aéronautiques est amélioré en minimisant le jeu entre les aubes en rotation et le carter qui les entoure, réduisant ainsi les fuites aérodynamiques. Ce jeu réduit occasionne des contacts entre les aubes et le carter ; afin d’assurer leur intégrité mécanique, le carter est revêtu d’un matériau abradable sacrificiel, lequel accommode les incursions d’aube. Les interactions aube – revêtement abradable couplent des phénomènes tribologiques et vibratoires à haute vitesse et à haute température, dont l’étude expérimentale est requise pour le développement de modèles numériques prédictifs. L’objectif de cette thèse est d’identifier expérimentalement la force et les mécanismes d’interaction aube-abradable AlSi-Polyester dans une configuration d’essai représentative du fonctionnement des étages de compresseur basse-pression. Des méthodes couplées expérimentales - analytiques, prenant en compte la dynamique d’aube, ont été développées afin d’accéder à la force d’interaction et à l’incursion aube-abradable. L’influence de la température, de la nuance du matériau abradable et de la raideur d’aube a été étudiée. Les mécanismes d’usure et d’endommagement du revêtement abradable ont été investigués et corrélés aux conditions d’interaction. Ces travaux de thèse ont été réalisés dans le cadre d’une collaboration entre le Laboratoire de Mécanique de Lille, SNECMA Villaroche (groupe SAFRAN) et le centre ONERA de Lille. / Minimizing the clearance between turbofan blades and the surrounding casing is a key factor to re-ducing leakage flows and consequently improving efficiency. The tight clearance may lead to blade-casing interactions. An abradable coating is deposited on the casing to accommodate blade incursions and thus to protect the blades and the casing from severe damage. Blade/abradable-coating interactions involve tribological and vibratory phenomena at high velocity and temperature. Experimental knowledge of these interactions is paramount to the proper design of abradable materials and the prediction of their lifetimes through numerical simulations. The purpose of this thesis is to identify experimentally the force and the mechanisms occuring during interaction between a vibrating blade and an AlSi-Polyester abradable coating. To this end, experiments were conducted on a dedicated test rig, in conditions representative of low-pressure compressor situation. Specific methods involving dynamical measurements and analytical models have been developed in order to obtain the blade/abradable-coating interacting force as well as the blade tip incursion. The influence of temperature, coating nature and blade stiffness has been studied. The interaction mechanisms and wear of the abradable coating have been investigated and correlated with the interaction conditions. This work was achieved within the framework of cooperation between Laboratoire de Mécanique de Lille (France), SAFRAN-SNECMA (France) and ONERA, the French Aerospace Lab.