Diversos estudos exploram temas relacionados ao monitoramento do ambiente com o intuito de auxiliar empresas a se protegerem contra ameaças e a aproveitarem oportunidades provenientes do ambiente externo. Outros pesquisadores se dedicaram aos tópicos relacionados à gestão do conhecimento, colocando o conhecimento como elemento central para o desenvolvimento e o sucesso empresarial. Contudo, identificaram-se poucos estudos que explorem as temáticas de monitoramento do ambiente e gestão do conhecimento em conjunto. Com o propósito de contribuir para o preenchimento desta lacuna, o presente estudo investiga o desenvolvimento da capacidade absortiva em processos de exploração de sinais fracos, sob a perspectiva da criação do conhecimento organizacional. Para tal investigação se utilizou método qualitativo e exploratório; tendo como técnicas de coleta de dados entrevistas semiestruturadas e análise de conteúdo para exploração dos mesmos. Constatou-se que o desempenho do processo de Inteligência pode contribuir para o desenvolvimento da capacidade absortiva, além de propiciar a criação, expansão e renovação de conhecimentos individuais e organizacionais. Observou-se, também, que a realização das atividades de Inteligência incentiva a ação e influencia na tomada de decisão de colaboradores e gestores. Os profissionais ao se sentirem melhor informados sobre oportunidades e ameaças provenientes do ambiente externo à organização passam a refletir e se responsabilizar mais por ações e decisões. / Many studies explore topics related to the environmental scanning process in order to assist companies with protecting themselves against threats and seizing opportunities that arise from external environments. Furthermore, a number of researchers have focused broadly and deeply on topics related to knowledge management, placing knowledge as a central resource to a business’s development and success. Nevertheless, there are few studies that combine the themes of environmental scanning and knowledge management. Aiming contribute to fill this gap, this study investigates the absorptive capacity developing in weak signals’ exploration process through the organization knowledge creation’ perspectives. The employed method to this qualitative and explorative research will be interviews by means of techniques for collecting data; and a content analysis for an exploitation of these data. It was found that the Intelligence process performance contributes to the development of absorptive capacity. Futhermore, the practice of Intelligence process facilitates the creation, expansion and renewal of individual and organizational knowledge. It was also observed that the realization of intelligence activities encourages action and influence in employees and managers decision making. Professionals who feel better informed about opportunities and threats from the external environment in regards to the organization start to further reflect and be more accountable for actions and decisions.

Quantum correlations play a fundamental role in quantum information science. The variety of their manifestations has become increasingly apparent following the development of novel light sources, protocols and photodetectors. One broad classification identifies two instances of non-classical correlations: particle and mode entanglement. These categories mirror two coexisting descriptions of quantum systems in terms of discrete and continuous variables of the electromagnetic field. The past decades have generated a number of promising results based on schemes which encompass elements from both frameworks, rather than viewing the two descriptions as mutually exclusive. In this context, it is possible to conceive and realise experiments where either the quantum resource or the detection system is 'hybrid'. Optical weak-field homodyne detectors bring together phase sensitivity and photon counting; as such, they represent a detection scheme which works across continuous and discrete variables of the radiation field. In this thesis we present a two-mode weak-field homodyne detection layout with added photon-number resolution and apply it to the study of a split single-photon state and a squeezed vacuum state. As a first test of the capabilities of this system, we investigate the reconstruction of relevant features of a given quantum resource - such as its photon statistics - with our detection scheme. Further, we experimentally demonstrate the observation of an instance of non-classical optical coherence which combines the continuous- and discrete-variable descriptions explicitly. The ability to probe phenomena at the interface of wave and particle regimes opens the way to novel, improved schemes for quantum information processing. From a more fundamental perspective, such hybrid approaches may shed light on the very roots of quantum enhancement.

It was generally accepted that the rate of formation of cerebrospinal °uid (CSF) is independent of intraventricular pressure [26], until A. Sahar and a host of other scientists challenged this belief. A. Sahar substantiated his belief that the rate of (CSF) formation actually depends on intraventricular pressure, see A. Sahar, 1971 [26]. In this work we show that CSF formation depends on some other factors, including the intraventricular pressure. For the purpose of this study, we used the capillary blood °ow model proposed by K.Boryczko et. al., [5] in which blood °ow in the microvessels was modeled as a two-phase °ow; the solid and the liquid volume phase. CSF is formed from the blood plasma [23] which we assume to be in the liquid volume phase. CSF is a Newtonian °uid [2, 23]. The principles and methods of e®ective area" developed by N. Sauer and R. Maritz [21] for studying the penetration of °uid into permeable walls was used to investigate the ¯ltrate momentum °ux from the intracranial capillary wall through the pia mater and epithelial layer of the choroid plexus into the subarachnoid space. We coupled the dynamic boundary equation with the Navier-Stoke's constitutive equation for incompressible °uid, representing the °uid °ow in the liquid volume phase in the capillary to arrive at our model. / Mathematical sciences / M.Sc.

Orientador: Prof. Dr. Roberto Venegeroles / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Física, 2015. / Discutiremos uma classe de sistemas dinâmicos intermitentes na qual o espaço de fase é composto de duas regiões distintas: uma região laminar, onde a partícula desenvolve uma dinâmica lenta e quase regular até saltar para uma região turbulenta, onde a mesma desenvolve uma dinâmica caó- tica de curta duração até ser reinjetada de volta para a fase laminar, num processo que assim se repete. A fase laminar é causada pela existência de medida invariante innita, e a composição regularidade-caos resulta numa modalidade de caos fraco na qual a separação de trajetórias inicialmente muito próximas torna-se subexponencial (em sistemas caóticos usuais, essa separação é exponencial). Por conta desse tipo intermitência, o mapa apresentará um comportamento ergódico diferente daquele observado pelo teorema de Birkho, de modo que a distribuição de médias temporais de observáveis (com fatores próprios de normalização) é descrita essencialmente por uma estatística Mittag-Leer, ao invés de distribuições com limites assintóticos para delta de Dirac. Apresentaremos a lei responsável por tal comportamento, o teorema de Aaronson-Darling-Kac, que nos permitirá estender adequadamente certos observáveis, tais como o expoente de Lyapunov e a entropia de Kolmogorov- Sinai, de modo a inferir precisamente a existência desse tipo de instabilidade. Após um estudo das principais características ergódicas de tais sistemas, investigamos o número de primeiras-passagens da fase laminar para a turbulenta, e como obter informações-chave por meio dessa quantidade. Mostraremos também que a teoria de processos de renovação, usualmente empregada na literatura para esse m, é insuciente para descrever precisamente esse tipo de intermitência. Historicamente, esse tipo de sistema surgiu do estudo de mapas de primeiro retorno de certas seções do atrator de Lorenz, realizado nos anos 80 por Pomeau e Manneville. Atualmente, cadeias de tais mapas são empregadas no estudo de difusão anômala e passeios aleatórios com tempos de espera. / We discuss a class of intermittent dynamical systems in which the phase space is made up of two distinct regions: a laminar region, where the particle develops a slow and almost regular dynamic until it jumps to a turbulent region, where it develops a chaotic dynamic of short duration that is reinjected back into the laminating step, in a repeating process. The laminar phase is caused by the existence of innite invariant measure, and the regularity-chaos composition results in a weak mode in which the trajectories separation of two initial nearly points becomes subexponential (in usual chaotic systems, this separation is exponential). Because of this type of intermittency, the map will present a dierent behavior from that observed by ergodic Birkho's theorem, so that the distribution of average observable time (with its own normalization factors) is described essentially by a Mittag-Leer statistics, rather than distributions with asymptotic limit to the Dirac delta. We will present the law responsible for such behavior, the theorem Aaronson-Darling-Kac, which will allow us to extend properly certain observables, such as the Lyapunov exponent and entropy Kolmogorov-Sinai, in order to infer precisely the existence of such instability . After a study of the main ergodic characteristics of such systems, we investigate the number of rst-passages of the laminar stage for the turbulence, and how to get key information by that amount. We will also show that the theory of renewal processes, usually used in the literature for this purpose, is insucient to accurately describe this type of intermittency. Historically, this type of system emerged from the study of rst return maps of certain sections of the Lorenz attractor was accomplished in the 80's by Pomeau and Manneville. Currently chains of these maps are used in the study of anomalous diusion and random walks with waiting times.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-02-04Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:32:12Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 moura_jfb_me_mar.pdf: 1136450 bytes, checksum: ed4ac7dee1e287cc9023cdaa2be4ebe0 (MD5) / Decorridos vinte anos da publicação no Brasil de Psicogênese da língua escrita, de Emília Ferreiro e dez anos da adoção da teoria construtivista pelos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais, temos constatado resultados que apontam para um insucesso dos alunos em relação ao ensino/aprendizagem de leitura/escrita. A teoria construtivista teria se mostrado inadequada para o enfrentamento da questão? Poderíamos apontá-la como causadora do insucesso dos alunos em relação às práticas de leitura/escrita? Deveríamos desconsiderar a revolução conceitual de Emília Ferreiro, voltar-lhe as costas e reconhecer como mais adequada a volta ao método fônico? Os professores teriam compreendido, verdadeiramente, e posto em ação, os pressupostos de Ferreiro, apoiando neles as práticas escolares de ensino/aprendizagem de leitura/escrita? Ou tê-los-iam compreendido como um novo método de ensino ou novo teste para a avaliação da maturidade dos alunos com vistas à sua classificação? Por que é que a divulgação da proposta construtivista de Ferreiro não resultou ainda em melhor desempenho dos alunos nas práticas de leitura/escrita? Esta investigação procurou compreender as prováveis razões do insucesso dos alunos em leitura/escrita e sua relação com as propostas construtivistas de Emília Ferreiro. Foram realizadas entrevistas e sessões de observação da sala de aula, com 20 professores do Ensino Fundamental I, de seis escolas municipais da cidade de Ourinhos, com melhor ou pior desempenho na Prova Brasil 2005. A partir da análise da Bibliografia e com base no questionamento de professores e na observação desses e de seus alunos durante atividades realizadas em sala de aula, pretendeuse conhecer e analisar a concepção subjacente às práticas, e as próprias práticas adotadas para o ensino/aprendizagem de leitura/escrita. Concluiu-se que os professores... / Twenty years after the “Psicogênese da língua escrita” was published, in Brazil by Emília Ferreiro, and ten years after the constructivism theory was adopted, as part of Brazil’s “Parameters for National Syllabuses”, the results obtained have pointed to a worse performance in teaching and learning with regards to reading and writing. Therefore, we might ask, has the constructivism theory proved itself inadequate for the job? Could we point it out as being a cause of student’s lack of success as to reading and writing? Should we put Emília Ferreiro’s “conceptual revolution” to one side, turn our backs on it, and admit that it would be better to go back to the previously used phonic method. Had the teachers understood correctly and applied all that had been proposed by Ferreiro? Were they using these tools correctly to support their school activities, of teaching and learning of reading and writing? Or did they understand it to be a kind of new method of teaching or a sort of evaluation test that tested the students’ maturity, with a view to their classification? Why after the publishing of Ferreiro’s constructivism proposal haven’t the student’s performances improved, with regards to reading and writing? This study attempts to highlight the probable reasons for the student’s lack of success in reading and writing, and its relation to Emília Ferreiro’s constructivism proposals. Interviews were made as well as sit in class observation were done, with twenty teachers at six Fundamental Level 1 schools in the town of Ourinhos, SP State . The schools chosen were those that had been awarded the best and the worst performance rating in the Brazilian Governments year 2005 test (Prova Brasil). Based on the analysis of literature and the replies given, as well as by watching the way teachers performed in class, it was intended to get to understand and analyse... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Les co-produits agricoles, son et paille de blé, sont riches en arabinoxylanes (AX) qui après hydrolyse peuvent fournir des molécules pour des usages variés: xylo-oligosides (prébiotiques), xylose (xylitol), acide férulique (vanilline, antioxydant). L’étude a visé à mettre en place un procédé intégré et éco-compatible, depuis l'hydrolyse enzymatique des AX du son de blé jusqu'à la purification de l'acide férulique. Des cocktails hémicellulasiques produits par culture de la bactérie Thermobacillus xylanilyticus sur paille ou son de blé et mis en œuvre dans des conditions variées ont permis de libérer des glucides (mono- et oligomères) et de l’acide férulique. Afin d’augmenter la monomérisation, deux nouvelles β-xylosidases ont été produites à partir de T. xylanilyticus et caractérisées. Elles ont été testées pour complémenter des cocktails hémicellulasiques complexes issus de T. xylanilyticus et étudiées en mélange avec une xylanase et une arabinosidase pures. Le choix d’une résine anionique faible sous forme base libre pour séparer les fractions glucidique et phénolique et purifier l’acide férulique s’est également inscrit dans une démarche d’éco-conception : la résine Amberlyst A21 a montré une bonne affinité pour l’acide férulique et sa régénération a libéré une fraction très concentrée. La déminéralisation préalable de l’hydrolysat par électrodialyse a permis d’accroître la capacité de la résine pour l’acide et la pureté de la fraction récupérée, potentiellement cristallisable. / Agriculture by-products (wheat bran and straw) are rich in arabinoxylans (AX). These polymers composed of a main chain of β-(1,4) linked xylose ramified by arabinose and ferulic acid, are sources of molecules for various applications: xylooligosaccharides as prebiotics, xylose to synthesize xylitol, a non-cariogenic sweetener, or ferulic acid as a precursor of vanillin or an antioxidant molecule for packaging applications. The aim of this work was to set up an eco-friendly process ranging from wheat bran AX hydrolysis to ferulic acid purification.Hemicellulasic cocktails obtained by growing Thermobacillus xylanilyticus on wheat straw or wheat bran were implemented in various conditions. They released a carbohydrate fraction (mono- and oligosaccharides) and ferulic acid. In order to increase the monomerization, two new β-xylosidases were grown from T. xylanilyticus and characterized. They were tested to supplement the complex hemicellulasic cocktails from T. xylanilyticus and studied in mixture with a pure xylanase and a pure arabinosidase.The choice of a weak anionic resin under free base form to separate the glucidic and the phenolic fractions and to purify ferulic acid was also driven by environnement purposes: Amberlyst A21 resin showed a good affinity for ferulic acid and regeneration allowed a concentrated fraction of ferulate to be obtained. Prior demineralization by electrodialysis increased the capacity of the resin for ferulic acid and the purity of the recovered fraction, potentially allowing crystallization.

The idea that we live in a higher-dimensional space was first introduced almost 100 years ago. In the past two decades many extra-dimensional models have been proposed in order to solve fundamental problems of nature such as the hierarchy problem. Most of them need exploration via non-perturbative approaches and Lattice Gauge Theory provides a tool for doing this. In this thesis, we make attempts to find a non-perturbative way to localize gauge fields that arise from five-dimensional SU(2) gauge theories on 3-branes. In 1984, it was proposed that the phase diagram of anisotropic extra-dimensional lattice gauge theories inherits a new phase, called the "layered" phase, where the gauge fields behave as four-dimensional ones. This was shown for the abelian case, but the existence of this new phase for the simplest non-abelian group, SU(2), was still in doubt. We investigated this system in large volumes using Monte Carlo simulations and we could not find a second order phase transition from a five-dimensional to a continuous four-dimensional theory when all directions were kept large. This made the model unattractive for further exploration as nothing suggests that a non-trivial fixed point could exist. The above investigation was done in a flat background metric. We extended the previous work by putting our theory into a slice of AdS5 space, usually called the warped background. The motivation for this is that our SU(2) theory looks like the gauge-sector of the Randall-Sundrum model, which does not have a concrete solution to the problem of localization of the gauge fields on a 3-brane. We carried out our investigation using the Mean-Field Approach and we present novel results for the phase diagram and measurements of important observables. In our implementation we have a finite extent of the extra dimension and one layer (or 3-brane) on each extra-dimensional coordinate. At weak coupling, we observed that each layer decouples one at a time in the transition to the fully layered phase of the system, forming a mixed phase, whereas there is a strong and sharp transition between the fully layered and the strong-coupling phase. Within the mixed phase, close to the transition into the layered phase, we found evidence that the system is four-dimensional acquiring a Yukawa mass and resembling a Higgs-like phase. The mixed phase grows as the curvature increases suggesting that for an infinite extra dimension the entire weak-coupling phase is mixed.

Orientador: Sidney Jurado de Carvalho / Banca: Antonio Caliri / Banca: Jorge Chahine / Resumo: Neste trabalho utilizamos simulações de Monte Carlo para estudar as propriedades elétricas e conformacionais de polianfóteros fracos, investigando o efeito da estrutura primária, do pH da solução da valência dos contraíons. O polímero foi representado por um conjunto de esferas rígidas conectadas por um potencial harmônico (modelo bead-spring ) e os contraíons da solução, de valência 1, 2 e 3, foram tratados de maneira explícita segundo o modelo primitivo restrito. Todo o sistema foi confinado em uma célula esférica com o polímero fixado em seu centro. Dentre as análises de propriedades elétricas do polianfótero, foi observado que a fração de grupos básicos protonados se aproxima do caso ideal com o aumento da valência dos contraíons, para todas as sequências primárias estudadas. Diferentemente do que ocorre para homopolímeros carregados, nos quais os efeitos de correlação entre contraíons multivalentes provocam alta compactação da cadeia, o raio de giração de polienfóteros com contra ons trivalentes se mostrou muito próximo de cadeias (self-avoiding walk ). Em relação ao efeito da sequência primária, cadeias com baixa carga líquida apresentaram maior compactação nos casos de distribuição de monômero com menor número de blocos, assim como já previsto na literatura utilizando eletrólito implícito através da teoria de Debye-Hückel. A medida que aumentamos o valor de pH, o polinafótero ca carregado e conformações globulares não são mais observadas. Nestas condições, verificamos a formação de estruturas conhecidas como tadpoles apenas utilizando contraíons monovalente. Em nossa análise de Scaling, os valores conhecidos na literatura para o índice v da relação Rg ~ N vm foram obtidos para os casos Alternado (caso SAW) e Dibloco (caso globular) em regimes de pH nos quais a macromolécula está neutra apenas considerando diluição infinita / Abstract: In this work we use the Monte Carlo simulations to study conformational and electrical properties of weak Polyampholytes and investigate the e ect of the primary structure, pH and the valency of the counterion on these conformations. The polymer was represented by a set of rigid spheres connected by a harmonic potential (bead-spring model) and the counterions of the solution of valency 1, 2 and 3 were treated explicitly according to the restricted primitive model. The system was enclosed in a spherical cell with the polymer set at its center. Among the analysis of electrical properties of the polyampholyte, it was observed that the fraction of protonated basic groups approaches the ideal case with the increase in valency of the counterion for all the primary sequence studied. Di erently from what occurs for homopolymers, in which the e ects of correlation between multivalent counterions cause high compression of the chain, the radius of gyration of polyampholytes considering trivalent counterions is very close to those obtained for Gaussian chains with excluded volume interaction (Self-Avoiding Walk ). Regarding the e ect of primary sequence, chains with low net charge showed higher compression in cases of fewer blocks monomers distribution, as already provided in previous work using implicit counterions by the Debye-Huckel theory. As the pH increased, the polyampholyte has a net charge and globular conformations are no longer observed. Accordingly, we observed the formation of structures known as tadpoles using monovalent counterions. In our analysis of Scaling, the known values for the index (in Rg N m) were obtained for Alternating case (SAW) and Diblock case (globular) in pH regimes in which the macromolecule has no net charge and only considering in nite dilution / Mestre

An essential part of regional policy is the definition of areas which should be supported with regard to the balanced development of the region. The present thesis deals with analysis of methodical progresses in definition of problem regions in the Czech Republic which then is used to fulfil the main task of the work - making up The metodology of delimitation of economically weak areas of South Bohemia region. Introductory chapters devote to the aims of the work and summarize the used literature. The chapter ``methodology of the processing{\crq}q explains the use of various methodologies for the processing of this work. The following chapter brings a brief overview related to the regional policy. The next chapter is devoted to some selected socio-geographical characteristics of South Bohemia region. The following chapters give an overview of definition of problem regions at the national and regional levels. The last and main chapter deals with the creation of methodology of delimitation of economically weak areas of South Bohemia region. Thesis contains a number of tables, graphs and cartograms which with regard to the nature of the work make an essential part of it.

Diversos estudos exploram temas relacionados ao monitoramento do ambiente com o intuito de auxiliar empresas a se protegerem contra ameaças e a aproveitarem oportunidades provenientes do ambiente externo. Outros pesquisadores se dedicaram aos tópicos relacionados à gestão do conhecimento, colocando o conhecimento como elemento central para o desenvolvimento e o sucesso empresarial. Contudo, identificaram-se poucos estudos que explorem as temáticas de monitoramento do ambiente e gestão do conhecimento em conjunto. Com o propósito de contribuir para o preenchimento desta lacuna, o presente estudo investiga o desenvolvimento da capacidade absortiva em processos de exploração de sinais fracos, sob a perspectiva da criação do conhecimento organizacional. Para tal investigação se utilizou método qualitativo e exploratório; tendo como técnicas de coleta de dados entrevistas semiestruturadas e análise de conteúdo para exploração dos mesmos. Constatou-se que o desempenho do processo de Inteligência pode contribuir para o desenvolvimento da capacidade absortiva, além de propiciar a criação, expansão e renovação de conhecimentos individuais e organizacionais. Observou-se, também, que a realização das atividades de Inteligência incentiva a ação e influencia na tomada de decisão de colaboradores e gestores. Os profissionais ao se sentirem melhor informados sobre oportunidades e ameaças provenientes do ambiente externo à organização passam a refletir e se responsabilizar mais por ações e decisões. / Many studies explore topics related to the environmental scanning process in order to assist companies with protecting themselves against threats and seizing opportunities that arise from external environments. Furthermore, a number of researchers have focused broadly and deeply on topics related to knowledge management, placing knowledge as a central resource to a business’s development and success. Nevertheless, there are few studies that combine the themes of environmental scanning and knowledge management. Aiming contribute to fill this gap, this study investigates the absorptive capacity developing in weak signals’ exploration process through the organization knowledge creation’ perspectives. The employed method to this qualitative and explorative research will be interviews by means of techniques for collecting data; and a content analysis for an exploitation of these data. It was found that the Intelligence process performance contributes to the development of absorptive capacity. Futhermore, the practice of Intelligence process facilitates the creation, expansion and renewal of individual and organizational knowledge. It was also observed that the realization of intelligence activities encourages action and influence in employees and managers decision making. Professionals who feel better informed about opportunities and threats from the external environment in regards to the organization start to further reflect and be more accountable for actions and decisions.