Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-31T13:24:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TalyanaKM_DISSERT.pdf: 8260218 bytes, checksum: 58a4e8eb03d0ab6d81d93d82e43a774c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-09-04 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Irrigation becomes a very important practice when it refers to the Northeast Region, due to the irregular rain cycles, making it the main rational alternative of exploitation of agricultural cultures, mainly in the do Pólo Agrícola Mossoró-Açu/RN area, where the larger demand for water has obliged farmers to use water with higher salinity, being its use conditioned to the tolerance of cultures to the salinity and the handling of irrigation. Moreover, in a project as well as in the handling of irrigation, the evapotranspiration of the culture (ETc) is the most important variability, being it possible to be measured directly by means of lysimeters. However, in the absence of measure equipments of evapotranspiration of the culture, the producers, many times, make use of estimate based on evapotranspiration of reference (ETo) and on the coefficient of the culture (Kc). Given to the exposed above, the present work had as aim to determinate the evapotranspiration and the coefficient of the culture, using irrigation water from different salinities, as well as verifying its effects on the production of the culture. To this end, an experiment was conducted on Fazenda Experimental Rafael Fernandes (Rafael Fernandes Experimental farm), belonging to Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, in the district of Alagoinha, situated 20 km far from Mossoró-RN, with the Gália melon culture, in an area of de 0.24 ha. The levels of salinity of the water for irrigation were of S1=0.65, S2=1.65, S3=2.83, S4=3.06 e S5=4.73 dS m-1. The experiment consisted of four random blocks, each one divided in the five levels of salinity and three of nitrogen subdivided in each salinity portion (N1: 46,7, N2: 93,4 and N3: 140 kg ha-1). To the ETo estimate a Penman- Monteith equation was used parameterized by the FAO. The weather data necessary for the ETo estimate were collected by an automatic agrometereological station, installed in the experimental area. The ETc was measured by four weighing lysimeters, with an área of 2.25 m2, which were installed in the blocks 1 and 2, in the levels of salinity S1 and S5. The results showed that the ETc decreased between the irrigation water S1 and S5 where the total evapotranspiration during the cycle was of 204.5 and 172.4 mm, respectively. As for the Kc s the medium values were verified in the phenological stages I, II, III and IV, of 0.08, 0.44, 1.06 and 0.88 for the S1 treatment and 0.07, 0.54, 0.75 and 0.60 for the S5, showing that the Kc s obtained for the level S1 were always larger than the Kc s obtained for the level S5, except stage II. As for the production of the culture, effect of water salinity was verified in all the evaluated production components. The commercial and total production had reductions of 4.07 and 3.16 Mg ha 1, respectively, by adding of 1 dS m-1 of salinity in the water of the irrigation. / A irrigação se torna uma prática de grande importância quando se trata da região Nordeste, devido à má distribuição de chuvas, passando a ser a principal alternativa racional de exploração das culturas agrícolas, principalmente na área do Pólo Agrícola Mossoró-Açu/RN, onde a maior demanda por água para irrigação tem obrigado os agricultores a utilizarem águas com salinidade mais elevada, sendo que sua utilização fica condicionada à tolerância das culturas à salinidade e ao manejo da irrigação. Por outro lado, num projeto bem como no manejo da irrigação, a evapotranspiração da cultura (ETc) é a variável mais importante, podendo ser medida diretamente por meio de lisímetros. No entanto, na ausência de equipamentos de medidas de evapotranspiração da cultura, os produtores, muitas vezes, utilizam-se de estimativas baseadas na evapotranspiração de referência (ETo) e no coeficiente de cultura (Kc). Diante do exposto, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo determinar a evapotranspiração e o coeficiente de cultura, utilizando-se água de irrigação de diferentes salinidades, bem como verificar seus efeitos sobre a produção da cultura. Para tanto, foi realizado um experimento na Fazenda Experimental Rafael Fernandes, pertencente à Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, no distrito de Alagoinha, situada à 20 km de Mossoró-RN, com a cultura do melão tipo Gália, em uma área de 0,24 ha. Os níveis de salinidade da água de irrigação foram de S1=0,65, S2=1,65, S3=2,83, S4=3,06 e S5=4,73 dS m-1. O experimento constou de quatro blocos ao acaso, cada um dividido nos cinco níveis de salinidade e três níveis de nitrogênio subdivididos em cada parcela de salinidade (N1: 46,7, N2: 93,4 e N3: 140 kg ha-1). Para estimativa da ETo foi utilizada a equação de Penman- Monteith parametrizada pela FAO. Os dados meteorológicos necessários para a estimativa da ETo foram coletados por uma estação agrometeorológica automática, instalada na área experimental. A ETc foi medida por quatro lisímetros de pesagem, de área 2,25 m2, que encontravam-se instalados nos blocos 1 e 2, nos níveis de salinidade S1 e S5. Os resultados mostraram que a ETc diminuiu entre a água de irrigação S1 e S5 onde a evapotranspiração total durante o ciclo foi de 204,5 e 172,4 mm, respectivamente. Quanto aos Kc s verificaramse os valores médios nos estádios fenológicos I, II, III e IV, de 0,08, 0,44, 1,06 e 0,88 para o tratamento S1 e 0,07, 0,54, 0,75 e 0,60 para o S5, mostrando que os Kc s obtidos para o nível S1 foram sempre maiores que os Kc s obtidos para o nível S5, excetuando-se a fase II. Quanto à produção da cultura, verificou-se efeito da salinidade da água em todos os componentes de produção avaliados. As produtividades comercial e total tiveram reduções de 4,07 e 3,16 Mg ha 1, respectivamente, por acréscimo de 1 dS m-1 de salinidade na água de irrigação.

O Brasil é o maior produtor mundial de citros, com destaque para o estado de São Paulo, maior produtor nacional. Recentes estudos mostram que a área irrigada de citros no estado tem aumentado significativamente nos últimos anos. Porém, a falta de informações sobre o manejo eficiente da irrigação na cultura do citros é uma das principais dificuldades enfrentadas pelos produtores. Com o intuito de atender essa necessidade, este trabalho teve como objetivos determinar a evapotranspiração de uma planta adulta de limeira ácida \'Tahiti\' (Citrus latifolia Tan.) e o coeficiente de cultivo no período seco (outono - inverno) utilizando a técnica de lisimetria de pesagem. O coeficiente de cultivo (Kc = ETc/ETo) foi calculado considerando-se a contribuição independente da evaporação do solo e transpiração da planta, sendo substituído por dois coeficientes: Ke, um coeficiente de evaporação de água do solo e Kcb, um coeficiente basal de transpiração da cultura. Avaliar os aspectos produtivos e de qualidade de fruto, frente a diferentes níveis de irrigação, com o fornecimento crescente de 50 a 125 % da evapotranspiração da cultura. O experimento foi realizado na ESALQ/ USP em Piracicaba - SP, em uma área irrigada por gotejamento, com plantas espaçadas de 7 x 4 m, sendo que cada planta foi atendida por 4 pontos de molhamento no solo distribuídos de forma eqüidistantes entre si. Foi realizado o monitoramento climático utilizando estação meteorológica automatizada e a obtenção da evapotranspiração da cultura por lisímetro de pesagem. Durante o período de estudo, Kc variou entre 0,82 a 1,18, e Kcb variou entre 0,86 a 1,05. Os resultados mostraram que a irrigação calculada pelo método do Kcb+Ke, tem um ajuste muito bom e representa com precisão o consumo de água pela planta. Os maiores consumos foram observados nos meses de maior temperatura média (abril e setembro). A reposição de 100 % da água evapotranspirada resultou em maior produtividade de frutos de limeira acida \'Tahiti\' em condições de campo. Quanto à qualidade de frutos, não houve diferença significativa entre os níveis de irrigação avaliados. / Brazil is the largest world producer of citrus crop, with São Paulo state leading as the largest national producer. Recent studies show that irrigated areas of citrus in the state have been increasing significantly in the last few years. However, lack of information on irrigation management related to this crop is one of the main problems encountered by the farmers. In order to address the above problem, the objective of this work was to determine the evapotranspiration of acid lime adult plant variety \'Tahiti\' (Citrus latifolia Tan.) and the crop coefficient during dry period (autumn - winter) using a weighing lysimeter technique. The crop coefficient (Kc = ETc/ETo) was calculated by considering the independent contribution of the evaporation of the soil and transpiration of the plant, being substituted by two coefficients: Ke, a soil water evaporation coefficient and Kcb, a basal crop coefficient. To evaluate the productive aspects as well as the fruit quality, different irrigation levels were applied in an increasing manner from 50 to 125 % of the crop evapotranspiration. The experiment was carried out at ESALQ / USP in Piracicaba - SP, in a drip irrigated area with plant spacing of 7 x 4 m. Each plant was supplied with four wetting equidistant emitters. The climatic data was obtained by the use of automated meteorological station and the crop evapotraspiration by the use of a weighing lysimeter. During the study period, Kc varied from 0.82 to 1.18, and Kcb varied from 0.86 to 1.05. The results showed that the irrigation amount calculated by the method of Kcb+Ke had a very good water consumption precision by the plant. The highest consumptions were observed in the months of high average temperature (April and September). The reposition of 100 % of the evapotranspirated water resulted in the highest fruit production of acid lime tree variety \'Tahiti\' in field conditions. Irrigation levels had no significant effect at 0.05 level on the quality of the fruits.

This master thesis deals with cluster analysis, more specifically with clustering methods that use fuzzy sets. Basic clustering algorithms and necessary multivariate transformations are described in the first chapter. In the practical part, which is in the third chapter we apply fuzzy c-means clustering and k-means clustering on real data. Data used for clustering are the inputs of chemical transport model CMAQ. Model CMAQ is used to approximate concentration of air pollutants in the atmosphere. To the data we will apply two different clustering methods. We have used two different methods to select optimal weighting exponent to find data structure in our data. We have compared all 3 created data structures. The structures resembled each other but with fuzzy c-means clustering, one of the clusters did not resemble any of the clustering inputs. The end of the third chapter is dedicated to an attempt to find a regression model that finds the relationship between inputs and outputs of model CMAQ.

The products, which can be labelled with a mark of conformity are included in regulated sphere and they have to ful fill the given requirments before makrket introduction. This diploma thesis is dealing with the aspects which have to fulfilled before the nonautomatic weighing instruments from are introduced to the market. The diploma thesis also revises current methods and proceeds of conformity assessment on ES workplace of conformity assessment accordin to appropriate norms, documents and directives. The aim is also to make a new quality manual for the ES workplace of conformity assessment.

This diploma thesis is devoted to problems of measurement centre of gravity position. At the beginning diploma thesis is created summary of methods to measuring moment of inertia and position measuring of centre of gravity of vehicle. Proposal is in-process on the basis method weighing on oblique position. And measurement is possible in Institute of automotive engineering in Brno. Is proposed measuring platform and preparative for obstruct changes of centre of gravity position at measuring. Measuring procedure is described and is derived formula toward calculation position of gravity centre of vehicle. To troubleshooting parts of platform are elaborate solidity calculations. In final parts diploma thesis are mentioned results from these measurements. Drawing documentation of platform and programme for calculation of centre of gravity of vehicle is enclosed in diploma thesis.

The aim of this graduate thesis is proposing an optimization of the likely voter model parameter values utilized by Median (research agency) based on secondary analysis of data from the third wave and post-election follow-up of the Czech Household Panel Study 2017 and the Median omnibus survey. The theoretical chapter presents selected aspects of the analyzed likely voter model parameters. Secondary data analysis confirms hypotheses regarding the relationships of: 1) voter turnout, prior voting behavior and the intent to vote, 2) pre-election voting preferences and actual voting behavior, 3) reported prior voting behavior and time elapsed since the prior election. Hypotheses are confirmed, and analysis results are utilized in construction of an optimized likely voter model. This model's results are then compared to the results of four currently or formerly published likely voter models (MEDIAN, CVVM2017, CVVM2018, KANTAR), all computed using an identical dataset (September/October 2017 Median omnibus survey). Based on prior-set comparison criteria, the proposed model has the highest ranking out of all the compared models. Areas of future research proposed, namely exploring the relationship between prior voting behavior misreporting and voting preference trends, in accordance with cognitive...

In an era increasingly shaped by artificial intelligence (AI), the necessity for unbiased decision-making from AI systems intensifies. Recognizing the inherent biases in humandecision-making is evident through various psychological theories. Prospect Theory, prominently featured among them, utilizes a probability weighing function (PWF) to gain insights into human decision processes. This observation prompts an intriguing question: Can this framework be extended to comprehend AI decision-making? This study employs a systematic Gibbs sampler method to measure probability weighing function of AI and validate this methodology against a dataset comprising 1 million distinct AI decision strategies. Subsequently, exemplification of its application on Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) is seen. This allows us to discern the nuanced shapes of the Probability Weighting Functions (PWFs) inherent in ANN and RNN, thereby facilitating informed speculation on the potential presence of “probability bias” within AI. In conclusion, this research serves as a foundational step in the exploration of "probability bias" in AI decision-making. The demonstrated reliability of the systematic Gibbs sampler method significantly contributes to ongoing research, primarily by enabling the extraction of Probability Weighting Functions (PWFs). The emphasis here lies in laying the groundwork –obtaining the PWFs from AI decision processes. The subsequent phases, involving in-depth understanding and deductive conclusions about the implications of these PWFs, fall outside the current scope of this study. With the ability to discern the shapes of PWFs for AI, this research paves the way for future investigations and various tests to unravel the deeper meaning of probability bias in AI decision-making.

Collegiate and elite female athletes have been identified as a subpopulation at heightened risk for disordered eating and pathogenic weight management practices. It was hypothesized that this increases risk may be related to sport specific pressures (such as team conducted weigh-ins), or the use and frequency of self-weighing. It appears that mandatory, team conducted weigh-ins are not salient to female athletes in regards to experiencing internalization, body image concerns, dietary restraint, negative affect, and bulimic symptomatology. Results, however, indicate that frequency of engagement in self-weighing may be influential in the engagement of disordered eating symptoms. Specifically, athletes who weighed themselves three or more times per week reported significantly more internalization of general societal ideals and athletic body ideals. For body image concerns, athletes who weighed three or more times per week reported being more concerned with their body size/shape than all others. With respect to dietary behaviors, athletes who weighed themselves three or more times per week reported engaging in significantly more caloric restriction than did those who weighed less frequently. For negative affect, the athletes who weighed themselves three or more times per week reported significantly higher levels of both anger and guilt. Finally for bulimic symptomatology, athletes who weighed themselves three or more times a week had significantly higher levels than those who weighed once or twice or not at all.

Resume This thesis deals with the first degree offence proceedings. Taking into consideration a large extent of the topic, the thesis is focused just on few of the most important institutes. Besides a short definition of the basic terms and their contents, the thesis aims its attention to sources in which an adjustment of offence proceedings on international as well as national level is included. Especially European Convention on Human Rights and activity of European Court on Human Rights (ECHR) that is connected to the Convention are important elements in the system. On the basis of ECHR's autonomous interpretation of the term "criminal charge", many fundamental rights formerly designated only for criminal proceedings have been applied within the field of administrative sentencing as well. This dissertation follows up in detail some decisions of the court, its argumentation and considerations that lead to its final conclusion. A signifiant role in this field plays Recommendation of the Committee of Ministers of Council of Europe no. R (91)1 on Administrative Sanctions in which ten basic principles are defined. These principles protect basic rights of a defendant and should be guaranteed during offence proceedings by the state. Then, main sources of the treatment of this area on the internal level are...

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:20:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Paula Fernanda Vasconcelos Navarro Murda.pdf: 630063 bytes, checksum: bfdb3ad6cce3c1c051859deed6b2bfc5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-05-15 / The present dissertation is about the judicial control and the role of the Justice s essential activities for the effectiveness of public policies and the role of the other institutions considered essential for the effectiveness of Justice. This work has as starting point an overview on the State functions and the criteria used to distinguish one from each other. Following this, an analysis over the concepts and characteristics surrounding the notion on public policies is carried on, among which special emphasis is given to the State s commisive and ommisive programs, stability, the possibility of judicial control, the teleological element and the conditions regarding the existence of public policies, that are the political decisions, the creation of laws and the execution of technical acts. In the sequence, the judicial control over public policies is analyzed, starting from the analysis of the grounds under which the judicial control is authorized, and over the acts of the other Powers, until the constitutional basis for the control over public policies. The assessment procedural study proposed by Robert Alexy, as well as the analysis of some of the guiding constitutional principles of judicial decisions are carried on. Following this, the author studies the favorable and non-favorable arguments regarding the judicial intervention over public policies and the required compatibility between the arguments, among which the highest effectiveness of constitutional rules, the minimal existentialism, the theory of happiness, the theory of regression blockage, the possible reservation and budget issues. In terms of instruments for the effectiveness of public policies, the constitutional control, the legislative omission and the control over administrative acts are assessed. The comprehension of illegal removal powers for the effectiveness of public policies is carried out pursuant to the analysis of judicial measures of coercion, among which mandatory rulings demanding actions, the sanctioning of daily penalties, federal or state intervention and the liability of the public agents. The alternative methods for conflict s resolution are examined. Finally, an analysis over the role of the other essential judicial activities for the effectiveness of public policies is carried on. The author assesses the activities of the Public Prosecutor Office on the control over the budget implementation, as well as the available tools given for that, among which the public civil lawsuit (class action), the civil investigation, the term of adjustment of conduct and the ministry recommendation. The role of the Public Defense Office is analyzed under the standpoint of the required structuring of the career in all Federative States, as well as under the protection of the interests of careless individuals, not only in Courts, but also through a global legal orientation. On the role of the Public Advocacy, the assessment of the public attorneys behavior in taking care of such procedures, the functional independence and the orientation from the federative body for the collaboration for the effectiveness of public policies is carried on / A presente dissertação trata do controle judicial das políticas públicas e do papel das demais instituições essenciais à justiça para sua efetivação. Para tanto, parte-se da abordagem da divisão das funções estatais e dos critérios para sua distinção. A seguir, analisam-se os conceitos e as características das políticas públicas. Dentre estas últimas destacam-se os programas comissivos ou omissivos do Estado, a noção de estabilidade, a possibilidade de controle judicial, o elemento teleológico e as condicionantes de existência das políticas públicas, que são a deliberação política, a atividade normativa e os atos de execução com conhecimento técnico. Após, examina-se o controle judicial das políticas públicas, inicialmente pelos fundamentos que autorizam o controle judicial sobre os atos dos demais Poderes, até o fundamento constitucional para o controle das políticas públicas. É realizado o estudo do procedimento de ponderação proposto por Robert Alexy, bem como a análise de alguns princípios constitucionais como norteadores das decisões judiciais. Após, passa-se ao estudo dos argumentos favoráveis e contrários à intervenção judicial nas políticas públicas e da necessária compatibilização dos argumentos, dentre eles a máxima efetividade das normas constitucionais, o mínimo existencial, a teoria da felicidade, a teoria da vedação do retrocesso, a reserva do possível e as questões orçamentárias. Em termos de instrumentos para a efetividade das políticas públicas, abordam-se o controle da constitucionalidade, da omissão legislativa e o controle dos atos administrativos. A compreensão das tutelas de remoção de ilícito para a efetividade das políticas públicas é feita mediante a análise das medidas judiciais de coerção, dentre elas a condenação em obrigação de fazer, a aplicação de multa diária, a intervenção federal ou estadual e a responsabilização do agente público. Examinam-se os métodos alternativos de solução de conflitos. Por fim, aborda-se o papel das demais funções essenciais à justiça para a efetivação das políticas públicas. É feita a análise da atividade do Ministério Público como controlador da implementação do orçamento, bem como dos instrumentos colocados à sua disposição, dentre eles a ação civil pública, o inquérito civil, o termo de ajustamento de conduta e a recomendação ministerial. O papel da Defensoria Pública passa pela necessária estruturação da carreira em todos os Estados da federação, bem como pela defesa dos interesses das pessoas carentes, não apenas no âmbito judicial, mas por meio de uma orientação jurídica global. Sobre a atuação da Advocacia Pública traz-se a verificação da postura dos advogados públicos na condução dos processos, a independência funcional e a forma de orientação do ente federativo para colaboração com a efetivação das políticas públicas