Obesity and physical inactivity are major risk factors for numerous chronic diseases, conditions, and early mortality. Healthy body weight and physical activity (PA) are also positively associated with health-related quality of life (HRQL). However, obesity and physical inactivity levels in Canadian youth and adults are high. This thesis comprises five studies exploring the burden of obesity and physical inactivity, focusing on HRQL. The first study assessed PA research productivity in Canada from 1990-2005. Canada produced approximately 5% of global PA research, 50% originating from Ontario, the biomedical and clinical areas accounting for 40% each; however, research in population health and health services was lacking. The second study used data from the Physical Activity Longitudinal Study (PALS), the 22-year follow-up of the 1981 Canada Fitness Survey, to assess PA and obesity tracking from youth to adulthood. Over 80% of overweight/obese youth became overweight/obese adults, while the majority of overweight/obese adults had not been overweight/obese youth; almost all healthy weight adults had been healthy weight youth. PA did not track over 22 years. The third study used the PALS data to examine the long-term effect of youth BMI and PA on adult HRQL (SF-36), using dichotomized outcomes based on Canadian norms. Contrary to expectations, overweight youth were more likely than healthy weight youth to score at/above the norm in adult HRQL, especially in the mental health domains. Youth PA was not associated with adult HRQL. The fourth study used the same data to explore the youth BMI-adult HRQL relationship using continuous outcomes, by sex. Youth BMI was positively associated with mental HRQL in adult females only; no negative impacts emerged. The fifth study used the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) Cycle 3.1 data to investigate the combined association of PA and BMI to HRQL among Canadian adults, including self-rated health, participation/activity limitation, and total disability days, by age and sex. Inactive individuals had increased odds of adverse HRQL, regardless of weight status; underweight, overweight, and obesity were of little consequence for active individuals. Collectively, these results help to better understand the health burdens created by the current epidemics of obesity and physical inactivity in Canadians throughout their lifespans. / Thesis (Ph.D, Kinesiology & Health Studies) -- Queen's University, 2010-12-08 18:00:44.214

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-06T17:07:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Resumo Gisele Bento.pdf: 174622 bytes, checksum: d18658a4b79f20282114f27c6768b0fc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-06-06 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Objective: This study aimed to verify the prevalence of physical activity, weight status and motivation for physical activities practice and sports and the relationship between physical activity levels and sociodemographic characteristics, weight status, motivation for physical activity and sports of children with aged between 7 to 11 years in social vulnerability, included in social projects in physical activities area and sports in Santa Catarina State. Regarding to specific goals follow: to review systematically the scientific literature about physical activity levels and nutritional status of Brazilian children and their motivation for physical activity practice and sports; to verify the prevalence of physical activity practice, weight status and motivation for physical activity and compare the results according to the age and gender; and ascertain the associations of physical activity and sociodemographic characteristics, weight status and motivation for physical activities practice and sports in social vulnerable children, inserted in social projects in physical activities area and sports in Santa Catarina State. Method: The present study was composed by a theoretical section, having two systematic reviews, and an empirical section, containing two studies, the first one approaching the prevalence and comparison, and the second one the association, that allowed to classify it as a quantitative study of survey type, characterized as descriptive, correlational and cross-sectional. The sample was composed by 3066 children exposed to social risks, of both sexes and included in social projects in Santa Catarina State. The data were obtained through anthropometric assessment, and questionnaires, such as: The Physical Activity Questionnaire; the Brazilian Economic Classification and Motivation Questionnaire for Sports Practice, furthermore, a worksheet containing the sociodemographic characteristics of the participants elaborated by the researchers. Results: The most of the sample was characterized as "active" and "moderately active", with "normal weight", and considered the motivational domains for the practice of physical activities and sports: pleasure, physical condition, technical competence, general affiliation, specific affiliation and specific status as "very important" and emotions and competition, as "important". The results showed that the girls tend to be more moderately active, presented more "overweight" and "obesity" and have considered the technical competence as motivational domain "important" for physical activity when they were compared to boys, which tend to be more "active", with "normal weight" and ascribed a low value to the technical competence (p<0.05). The sample with aged between 10 and 11 years were considered more "very active", had more "overweight" and "obesity" and considered more "totally important" the specific affiliation when compared to those aged between 7 to 9 years, which considered status more "little importance" and competition more "totally important". Also, the condition of being "more active" was associated with: male sex (p=0.02), high income (p=0.043) and considered the status "highly important" (p=0.019) and the competence technique "important" (p=0.02) for the physical activities practice and sports. Conclusion: Regarding theoretical studies, the literature approaching physical activity level, nutritional status and motivation for physical activities practice and sports can be considered very scarce, especially in samples with statewide representation. In relation to empirical studies highlight the relationship between physical activity level and anthropometric characteristics, socioeconomic and psychological aspects investigated, as well the importance of this research for the area, aimed the production of new knowledge and systematization already produced. Furthermore, this study emphasizes the importance of social projects that aimed promoting the physical activities practice and sports for children in social vulnerability, especially seeking the inclusion of girls with low income, considering motivational aspects the most important for this public, attending their needs and preferences. / Objetivos: Este estudo teve como objetivo geral verificar a prevalência de atividade física, status de peso e motivação para prática de atividades físicas e esportivas e as relações entre nível de atividade física e características sociodemográficas, status de peso, motivação para prática de atividades físicas e esportivas de crianças de 7 a 11 anos de idade em situação de vulnerabilidade social, participantes de projetos sociais na área de atividades físicas e esportivas do estado de Santa Catarina, tendo como objetivos específicos: revisar sistematicamente a produção científica sobre nível de atividade física e estado nutricional de crianças brasileiras e sobre motivação para prática de atividades físicas e esportivas de crianças; verificar a prevalência de atividade física, status de peso e motivação para prática de atividades físicas e comparar os resultados segundo idade e sexo; e verificar as associações do nível de atividade física com as características sociodemográficas, o status de peso e a motivação para a prática de atividades físicas e esportivas de crianças em situação de vulnerabilidade social, participantes de projetos sociais na área de atividades físicas e esportivas do estado de Santa Catarina. Método: Este estudo foi composto por uma parte teórica, consistindo em duas revisões sistemáticas e por uma parte empírica, consistindo em dois estudos, sendo o primeiro de prevalência e comparação e o segundo de associação, as quais permitem classificá-lo como um estudo quantitativo do tipo levantamento, caracterizado como descritivo-correlacional, com corte transversal. A amostra foi composta por 3066 crianças expostas a riscos sociais, de ambos os sexos, participantes de projetos sociais, no estado de Santa Catarina. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de avaliação antropométrica e aplicação de questionários, sendo esses: o Physical Activity Questionnaire; o Critério de Classificação Econômica Brasil e o Questionário de Motivação para a Prática Desportiva, além de uma planilha elaborada pelos pesquisadores contendo as características sociodemográficas. Resultados: A amostra é predominantemente composta por crianças ativas e moderadamente ativas , com peso normal , que consideram os domínios motivacionais para a prática de atividades físicas e esportivas: muito importante e importante . As meninas tendem a ser mais moderadamente ativas , a apresentar mais sobrepeso e obesidade e a considerar a competência técnica como domínio motivacional importante para a prática de atividade física, quando comparadas aos meninos. Aqueles com 10 a 11 anos foram mais muito ativos , apresentaram mais sobrepeso e obesidade e consideraram afiliação específica mais totalmente importante quando comparados aqueles de 7 a 9 anos. Ainda, a condição de ser mais ativo associou-se: ao sexo masculino (p=0,02), alta renda (p=0,043) e considerar o status altamente importante (p=0,019) e a competência técnica importante (p=0,02) para a prática de atividades físicas. Conclusão: Quanto aos estudos teóricos, a literatura sobre as temáticas abordadas pode ser considerada muito escassa, especialmente com amostras com representatividade populacional. Os estudos empíricos ressaltam as relações entre nível de atividade física e aspectos antropométricos, socioeconômicos e psicológicos investigados, bem como a importância de pesquisas nessa área, visando à produção de novos conhecimentos e sistematização dos já produzidos. Além disso, este estudo ressalta a importância de projetos sociais visando à promoção à prática de atividades físicas e esportivas para crianças em situação de vulnerabilidade, especialmente visando à inclusão de meninas com baixa renda econômica, considerando os aspectos motivacionais mais importantes para esse público, atendendo assim, suas necessidades e preferências.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-06T17:07:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Renata Capistrano - Dissertacao - normas - A5 (1).pdf: 867324 bytes, checksum: 63cf9c5f1de0e622780de680625110c1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-07-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Este estudo objetivou investigar os fatores associados ao Transtorno do Desenvolvimento da Coordenação - TDC em crianças com idades de 8 a 10 anos. Participaram do estudo 83 crianças matriculadas em escolas particulares do Município de São José-SC. No estudo 1 (Revisão Sistemática), a busca de artigos científicos foi realizada nas bases de dados PubMed, Bireme, Web of Science e Scopus, sem recorte de período, considerando-se artigos em inglês e português. Os descritores utilizados em língua portuguesa e inglesa foram: atividade motora , transtorno das habilidades motoras e crianças , transtorno do desenvolvimento e da coordenação e atividade física . Recorreu-se ao operador lógico AND para combinação dos descritores e termos utilizados para o rastreamento das publicações. No estudo 2 (TDC e Indicadores de saúde), para avaliar o desempenho motor das crianças, foi utilizada a Movement Assessment Battery for Children Second Edition - MABC-2; o Índice de Massa Corporal IMC, estatura e dobras cutâneas foram avaliados por meio de um estadiômetro Sanny, balança Tânita, plicômetro e trena antropométrica Cescorf. O nível de atividade física foi avaliado por meio do questionário Dia Típico de Atividades Físicas e Alimentação DAFA, a resistência cardiorrespiratória foi feita por meio do teste de 6 minutos, o qual faz parte da bateria do PROESP(2009). Após a coleta de dados, os mesmos foram tabulados no programa Statistical Package for Social Sciences - SPSS, auxiliando nas análises estatísticas descritivas (médias, mínimos, máximos, desvio padrão, frequências) e inferenciais (Teste Qui-quadrado, Exato de Fisher, Teste T independente, curva ROC - Receiver Operating Characteristic). A significância estatística adotada foi de p&#8804; 0,05. No estudo de 1, 16 artigos foram incluídos. Destes, 12 foram publicados no período de 2010 a 2013 e de forma geral, os estudos apontam para um menor nível de atividade física em crianças com TDC em comparação aos seus pares sem o transtorno. Sendo que a presença de TDC na infância é um fator de risco para baixos níveis de atividade física na adolescência. No estudo 2, as crianças com dificuldade motora apresentaram maiores médias de IMC (20,21) e menores médias de resistência cardiorrespiratória ( 673,19) quando comparadas ao grupo sem dificuldade motora (18,51) e (719,15) respectivamente. Com relação aos resultados do IMC e a presença da dificuldade motora, a área sob a curva ROC foi de 0,620, sendo que esse resultado não foi significativo (p=0,08). Com relação a Resistência Cardiorrespiratória e a presença de dificuldade motora, a área sob a curva ROC foi de 0,327. O ponto de corte de 654,5m ou menos apresenta o equilíbrio mais adequado entre a sensibilidade e a especificidade. O poder da Resistência Cardiorrespiratória para classificar corretamente crianças com dificuldade motora é de 47,8% (sensibilidade), enquanto que o poder dessa mesma aptidão física para classificar corretamente os escolares sem dificuldade motora é de 82,1% (especificidade). Observou-se que as crianças com dificuldade motora apresentaram maiores médias de IMC, menor resistência cardiorrespiratória e menor nível de atividade física quando comparadas as crianças sem o transtorno.

Les buts de cette thèse étaient de définit les déterminants du TBS chez les jeunes adultes et les femmes ménopausées, et de vérifier si le TBS était associé aux fractures ostéoporiques chez les femmes ménopausées et les femmes ménopausées obèses. L'étude 1a a été menée sur 26 jeunes femmes et montre que la consommation maximale d'oxygène et le niveau de puissance musculaire des membres inférieurs sont positivement corrélés au TBS ( valeurs de "r" comprises entre 0.37 et 0.63). L'étude 1b a été menée sur 56 jeunes femmes dont 14 en surchage pondérale ; elle suggère que le fait d'être en surcharge pondérale n'est pas associé à des valeurs de TBS plus élevées. Le seul déterminant positif du TBS dans l'étude 1b était dans la VO₂ max. L'étude 1c a été menée sur 67 jeunes hommes dont 32 en surpoids et 12 obèses ; elle suggère que l'obésité et le surpoids n'influencent pas positivement les valeurs de TBS. L'étude 1c montre que le poids et le pourcentage de masse grasse sont négativement corrélés au TBS ( r= -0.28 et r = -0.38 respectivement). L'étude 2a a été menée sur 1000 femmes ménopausées dont 164 ayant des fractures ostéoporotiques prévalentes ; elle suggère que le TBS est associé avec la présence des franctures ostéoporotiques prévalentes. L'étude 2a suggère que chez les femmes ménopausées, des corrélations positives existent entre la DMO du rachis lombaire et le TBS, et des corrélations négatives existent entre l'âge et le TBS. L'étude 2b a été menée chez 300 femmes ménopausées obèses dont 40 ayant des fractures ostéoporotiques prévalentes ; elle suggère que le TBS n'est pas associé avec la présence des fractures ostéoporotiques prévalentes dans cette population contrairement à la DMO du rachis lombaire qui était associée avec la présence de ces fractures. L'étude 2b suggère donc que le TBS n'est pas un déterminant indépendant des fractures ostéoporotiques prévalentes chez les femmes ménopausées adultes. / The aims of this thesis were to define the determinants of TBS in young adults and postmenopausal women and to verify whether TBS is associated with osteoporotic fractures in postmenopausal women and in obese postmenopausal women. Study 1a included 26 young women and showed that maximal oxygen consumption and muscular power level of the lower limbs are positively correlated to TBS (r values between 0.37 and 0.63). Study 1b included 56 young women 14 of which were overweight ; this study suggests that being overweight is not associated with higher TBS values. The only positive determinant of TBS in study 1b was VO₂ max. Study 1c included 67 young men 32 of which were overweight, and 12 were obese ; this study suggests that obesity and overweight do not positively influence TBS values. Study 1c shows that body weight and fat mass percentage are negatively correlated to TBS (r = -0.28 and r = -0.38 respectively). Study 2a included 1000 postmenopausal women 164 of which have presented a previous osteoporic fracture ; this study suggests that TBS is associated with previous osteoporotic fractures. Study 2 a suggests that in postmenopausal women, lumbar spine BMD is positively correlated to TBS while age is negatively correlated to TBS. Study 2b included 300 obese postmenopausal women 40 of which have presented a previous osteoporotic fracture ; this study suggests that TBS is not associated with previous osteoporotic fractures in this population contrary to lumbar spine BMD which is associated with previous osteoporotic fractures. Study 2b suggests therefore that TBS is not independant determinant of osteoporotic fractures in obese postmenopausal women.

Introduction: Psychosomatic complaints have increased among adolescents in recent decades, as well as overweight and obesity rates, which have become a public health issue. The associations between weight status and psychosomatic complaints are not clear, therefore further research is needed. The aim of this study was to explore the associations between weight status and psychosomatic complaints among Swedish adolescents, and the possible buffering effect of family support. Methods: This study was based on cross-sectional data of the Swedish Health Behavior in School-aged Children (HBSC) of 2017/18, that included 3,133 boys and girls aged 11, 13 and 15 years. Weight status was based on self-reported information on weight and height, which was used to calculate body mass index (BMI) and construct the categories “non-overweight”, “overweight” and “obese”. Psychosomatic complaints were based on information on the frequency of eight different complaints, that was summed to an index. Family support was measured by three items that described the received support. An index was constructed which was dichotomized into two categories, low and high family support. Gender, age and family affluence were included as covariates. Linear regression analyses were performed to investigate the associations between weight status and psychosomatic complaints. Interaction analyses were used to see whether family support moderates the main association. Additional family support- and sex-stratified analyses were conducted. Results: The results revealed that obesity is associated with higher levels of psychosomatic complaints. Being non-overweight or overweight did not show any significant associations with the outcome. Girls reported higher levels of psychosomatic complaints compared to boys. Family support could buffer against obese girls’ psychosomatic complaints. Conclusions: The findings of this study highlight the importance of public health actions to prevent childhood obesity and additionally the significant role of family support in decreasing obese adolescents’ psychosomatic complaints. Furthermore, more research is needed for better understanding of these associations.

Choice of nutrition has a great effect on the early development of human growth. Despite increased knowledge on the benefit of breastfeeding to both mother and child, some mothers still choose to formula feed. The purpose of this study is to explain how maternal health contributes to choices. The theory of maternal role attainment and the social cognitive theory are used to evaluate these feeding choices. This study tests for the association between maternal weight status and choice of infant feeding practices, the association between postpartum depression and choice of feeding and finally, if depression mediates the relationship between maternal weight gain and infant feeding choices. This retrospective cohort study employed a quantitative approach, utilizing secondary data with a sample size of 4902, retrieved from Infant Feeding Practices Study II. The data contained information on pregnant women in their third trimester until the first year of infants' life. Logistic regression was employed to answer these research questions. The result indicated that compared to those who are obese, mothers with normal weight are 29.6% more likely to breastfeed. Depressed mothers are 45.9% less likely to breastfeed. There is no possible mediation effect identified in this study. Further studies may need to collect mother's depression status prior to conception. Based on the outcome of this study, there is a need for caregivers to identify at-risk mothers prior to delivery while offering solutions that contribute to better feeding choices. For social change, mothers who are overweight or those experiencing depression prior to conception will make better feeding choices if they receive adequate support and counseling on the implication of their health condition on their infants.

Die kindliche Lebenswelt unterlag im vergangenen Jahrhundert enormen Veränderungen. Der Alltag der Kinder und Jugendlichen ist geprägt durch einen zunehmenden Bewegungsmangel, der die Entwicklung auf motorischer, kognitiver und sozialer Ebene beeinträchtigt. Motorische Defizite, Übergewicht und Adipositas, chronisch-degenerative Erkrankungen sowie psychosomatische Störungen werden bereits bei immer jüngeren Kindern beobachtet. Die Ursachen für diese Entwicklung sind Gegenstand zahlreicher Forschungsbestrebungen, die allerdings aufgrund differenter methodischer Herangehensweisen und abhängig von der Stichprobenauswahl häufig zu unterschiedlichen Ergebnissen gelangen. Das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit bestand vor dem Hintergrund der Relevanz einer adäquaten Entwicklung im Kindesalter darin, den Gewichtsstatus, die motorische Leistungsfähigkeit, das Bewegungsverhalten, die familiäre Situation sowie vorliegende Entwicklungsbeeinträchtigungen von Schulanfängern auf einer umfassenden biopsychosozialen Ebene einzuschätzen. Die anschließenden Zusammenhangsanalysen sollten Aufschluss über die Bedingungsfaktoren des kindlichen Unter- und Übergewichts sowie motorischer Leistungsschwächen zum Schuleintritt der Kinder geben. 4.281 Erstklässler absolvierten den Deutschen Motoriktest für Kinder und Jugendliche (DMT 6-18). An einer Elternbefragung nahmen 3.003 Erziehungsberechtigte teil und die Befunde der Schuleingangsuntersuchung lagen von 5.629 Schulanfängern vor. Unter den untersuchten Erstklässlern wiesen 4,8 % starkes Untergewicht (≤ 3. Perzentile) und 8,9 % leichtes Untergewicht (> 3. bis ≤ 10. Perzentile) auf. Lediglich 5,0 % der Kinder waren übergewichtig (≥ 90. bis < 97. Perzentile), weitere 2,4 % adipös (≥ 97. Perzentile). Im Motoriktest zeigten 36,8 % der Schulanfänger überdurchschnittliche Ergebnisse, lediglich 11,8 % lagen unter dem Altersdurchschnitt. Anhand der Mittelwertunterschiede und Effektstärken konnten keine relevanten Einflüsse des Bewegungsverhaltens, der familiären Situation sowie der medizinischen oder geistig-sprachlichen Auffälligkeiten auf den Gewichtsstatus der Kinder festgestellt werden. Die motorische Leistungsfähigkeit der Kinder wurde entscheidend durch den wöchentlichen Umfang ihrer Sportaktivität, der Schichtzugehörigkeit der Familie, vorliegenden Störungen der Feinmotorik sowie vom Übergewicht oder der Adipositas der Schulanfänger beeinflusst. In der vorliegenden Untersuchung lässt sich der Entwicklungstrend der Zunahme von Übergewicht und motorischen Leistungsdefiziten bereits im Kindesalter nicht verallgemeinern. Anscheinend können sowohl die Familie als auch der Kindergarten, die Schule und der Sportverein den aufkommenden Bewegungsmangel durch das wachsende Angebot medienorientierter Freizeitbeschäftigungen zu einem großen Teil kompensieren. Alarmierende Berichte über die Zunahme von Übergewicht und Adipositas bereits im Kindesalter bei gleichzeitig reduzierter körperlicher Leistungsfähigkeit und einer allgemeinen Bewegungsarmut konnten nicht bestätigt werden, allerdings sollten sowohl der Gewichtsstatus als auch die motorische Leistungsfähigkeit im Kindesalter, insbesondere hinsichtlich ihrer regionalen Verteilung, weiter untersucht werden.

No description available.

The present study employed a quantitative, non-experimental, multivariate correlational research design to test a hypothesized model examining associative paths of influence between ecological factors and weight status of urban, African-American adolescent females. Anthropometric and self-report survey data of 182 urban, African- American adolescent females were collected during after-school programs, health and physical education classes, and community events in an urban area in northeast Florida. Descriptive analyses were conducted to characterize the study participants based upon their age, study setting, and weight status. A scale reliability analysis was conducted to assess the internal consistency reliability of the sample data using selected measures within the context of the study’s specific population and subsequently guided the structural equation model (SEM) analyses. The SEM path analysis was used to develop two measurement models to control for observed error variance for variables demonstrating poor internal consistency reliability (diet behaviors and nutrition selfefficacy) and a final structural model to test the associative paths of influence between latent (diet behaviors and nutrition self-efficacy) and manifest variables (teacher social support and friend social support) on weight status. The results of the path analysis indicated that both teacher social support and friend social support demonstrated a positive, indirect influence on child weight status through nutrition self-efficacy and diet behaviors following two different and specific paths of influence. Diet behaviors, in turn, demonstrated a positive, direct effect on child weight status. These findings provide clear implications for educational leaders that call for the integration of health behavior change theory into traditional education and leadership practice and actively addressing the childhood obesity epidemic in the school environment by implementing health behavior change strategies at various ecological environmental levels.