Thesis (MCom)--Stellenbosch University, 2014. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study recognised the importance of well-being of employees in today’s turbulent working environment. It departed from the notion that the sustainability of organisations is determined by the quality of its workforce and therefore employee well-being is a major priority. The well-being of employees is not a random occurrence, but rather a complex phenomenon. Any attempt to influence or change the well-being of employees should be grounded in a firm understanding of the complexity of the well-being phenomenon. Steyn (2011) developed a Salotogenic Model of Occupational Well-being in an attempt to depict how positive psychological variables can be combined in a dynamic depiction of the nomological net of variables underlying the phenomenon of well-being in the workplace. The rationale for her study was that state-like Optimism and Self-efficacy will have a significant and direct positive effect on their Occupational Well-being, partly because of these psychological resources’ ability to foster positive expectations about the future, and partly because of the heightened sense of Organisational Commitment and Work Engagement facilitated by higher levels of Optimism and Self-efficacy. As a first adaption to the Steyn (2011) study, this study attempted to explicate the arguments that motivated the adaption and expansion of the original Steyn (2011) Salutogenic Model of Occupational Well-being, into the Steyn-Boers Structural Model of Psychological Well-being at Work. Set within the theoretical frameworks of Positive Organisational Behaviour (POB), the Broaden-and-Build theory (Fredrickson, 2001), as well as Hobfoll’s (1989) Conservation of Resource (COR) theory, the focus in this study was on explicating the nomological net ofariables underlying Subjective Well-being (SWB) and Psychological Well-Being at Work (PWBW), as two contemporary constructs well integrated into the Occupational Well-being literature. SWB was defined as both Hedonic Well-being (HWB) and Eudaimonic Well-being (EWB). HWB was further defined as Positive Affect (PA) and Negative Affect (NA). Well-being was contextualised in the work domain with Dagenais-Desmarais and Sovoie’s (2012) Psychological Well-being at Work (PWBW) construct. Hope, Resilience and Gratitude were included as additional psychological resources. Work Engagement was retained in the current study due to its central role in well-being. It was argued that Perceived Organisational Support (POS) and Psychological Ownership should further translate into better well-being and were therefore included in this study. A non-experimental research design (i.e. survey study) was used to explore the relationships between the various constructs. A convenience sample of 199 respondents was recruited via a social media network platform, Facebook, (i.e. non probability sampling technique). The measurement instruments included were the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) (Watson, Clark & Tellegen, 1988); Ryff’s (1989) Psychological Well-being Scale; and the Index of Psychological Well-Being at Work, developed by Dagenais-Desmarais and Savoie (2012). The four constructs that constitute Psychological Capital (Hope, Optimism, Self-efficacy and Resilience) were measured with the Psychological Capital Questionnaire (Luthans, Avey & Avolio 2007a). Gratitude was measured with the Gratitude Questionnaire-Six-Item form (GQ-6), (McCullough, Emmons & Tsang, 2002) and Work Engagement was measured with the 9-item Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES-9) (Schaufeli & Bakker, 2003). Perceived Organisational Support was measured by the Perceived Organisational Support Scale, (Eisenberger, Huntington, Hutchinson & Sowa, 1986) and Psychologocal Ownership was measured with the Psychological Ownership Questionnaire (Pierce, O’Driscoll & Coghlan, 2004). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and item analysis were conducted to evaluate the reliability and validity of the measurement instruments. SEM was used to fit the structural model to the data to investigate the extent to which the abovementioned constructs were significant predictors of SWB and PWBW. The results of the study revealed that different positive psychological resources predicted different aspects of well-being. For example, Hope had an indirect effect on both PA and PWBW, whilst Optimism had a direct effect on EWB and NA, with an indirect effect on PA and PWBW. Self-efficacy had a direct effect on EWB and Resilience a direct effect on PA. Optimism, as found in the Steyn (2011) study, thus played a very central role in overall well-being. Gratitude, although it had no direct effect on any of the well-being constructs, affected NA, PA, EWB and PWBW indirectly by working mainly through Optimism. Strong support that Work Engagement and Perceived Organisational Support contribute to the well-being of employees emerged. Psychological Ownership was the only construct that had no direct or indirect effect on well-being. It was argued that a possible explanation for this may be that Psychological Ownership might not be an antecedent to well-being, but rather a dimension thereof. The importance of this study was thus condensed in the knowledge that there are certain important antecedents to the management of PWBW. The results provide a probable explanation of the complex nomological net of variables and their interrelationships with each other, which influence Psychological Well-being at Work. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie herken die belangrikheid van werknemer welstand in vandag se ontwrigtende werksomgewing. Dit het vertrek vanaf die idee dat die volhoubaarheid van organisasies bepaal word deur die gehalte van sy werksmag en dus is werknemer welstand ‘n belangrike prioriteit. Die welstand van werknemers is nie ‘n ewekansige gebeurtenis nie, maar eerder ‘n komplekse verskynsel. Enige poging om die welstand van werknemers te beïnvloed of te verander, moet gegrond wees in ‘n ferm begrip van die kompleksiteit van die welstand verskynsel. Steyn (2011) het ‘n Salutogeniese Model van Beroepswelstand ontwikkel in ‘n poging om uit te beeld hoe positiewe sielkundige veranderlikes gekombineer kan word in ‘n dinamiese voorstelling van die nomologiese net van veranderlikes, onderliggend aan die verskynsel van welstand in die werksplek. Die rasionaal vir haar studie was dat Optimisme en Self-doeltreffendheid ‘n beduidende en direkte positiewe effek op Beroepswelstand sou hê, deels as gevolg van die sielkundige hulpbronne se vermoë om positiewe verwagtinge vir die toekoms te bevorder, en deels as gevolg van die verhoogte gevoel van Organisasieverbintenis en Werksbetrokkenheid wat gefasiliteer word deur hoër vlakke van Optimisme en Self-doeltreffenheid. As ‘n eerste aanpassing tot die Steyn (2011) studie, het hierdie studie gepoog om die argumente wat die aanpassing en uitbreiding van die oorspronklike Steyn (2011) Salutogeniese Model van Beroepswelstand tot die Steyn-Boers Strukturele Model van Sielkundige Welstand by die Werk, te verduidelik. Met inagneming van die teoretiese raamwerke van Positiewe Organisasie Gedrag (POG), Uitbrei-en-Bou teorie (Fredrickson, 2001) en Hobfoll (1989) se Bewaring van Hulpbronne (BH) teorie, was die fokus van die studie op die uitspel van die nomologiese net van veranderlikes onderliggende aan Subjektiewe Welstand (SW) en Sielkundige Welstand by die Werk (SWW) as twee kontemporêre konstrukte goed geïntegreer in die Beroepswelstand literatuur. SW was omskryf as beide Hedoniese Welstand (HW) en Eudimoniese Welstand (EW). HW was verder gedefinieer in terme van Positiewe Affek (PA) en Negatiewe Affek (NA). Welstand is gekontekstualiseerd in die werk domein met Dagenais-Desmarais en Savoie (2012) se konstruk van Sielkundige Welstand by die Werk (SWW). Hoop, Veerkragtigheid en Dankbaarheid is ingesluit as addisionele Sielkundige Kapitaal. Werksbetrokkenheid is in die huidige studie behou oor sy sentrale rol tot welstand. Dit is aangevoer dat Waargenome Organisasie Ondersteuning (WOO) en Sielkundige Eienaarskap werkers se welstand verder sal bevorder en was dus ingesluit in die studie. ‘n Nie-eksperimentele navorsingsontwerp (d.w.s. ‘n vraelys studie) was gebruik om die verwantskappe tussen die verskillende konstrukte vas te stel. ‘n Gerieflikheidsteekproef van 199 respondente was gewerf via ‘n sosiale media netwerk platvorm, Facebook (d.w.s. ‘n nie waarskynlikheidsteekproefneming tegniek). Die meetinstrumente het ingesluit die Positiewe en Negatiewe Affek Skedule (PANAS) (Watson et al., 1988); Ryff (1989) se Sielkundige Welstand Skaal en die Indeks vir Sielkundige Welstand by die Werk wat ontwikkel is deur Dagenais-Desmarais en Savoie (2012). Die vier konstrukte waaruit Sielkunidge Kapitaal bestaan (Hoop, Optimisme, Self-doeltreffendheid en Veerkragtigheid) was gemeet met die Sielkundige Kapitaal Vraelys-24 (Luthans et al., 2007a). Dankbaarheid was gemeet met die Dankbaarheid Vraelys–Ses-Item vorm (DV-6) (McCullough et al., 2002) en Werksbetrokkenheid was gemeet met die 9-item Utrecht Werksbetrokkenheid Skaal (UWBS-9) (Schaufeli & Bakker, 2003). Waargenome Organisasie Ondersteuning is gemeet deur die Waargenome Organisasie Ondersteuning Skaal (Eisenberger et al., 1986) en Sielkundige Eienaarskap is gemeet met die Sielkundige Eienaarskap Vraelys (Pierce et al., 2004). Bevestigende faktorontleding en item analise is gebruik om die betroubaarheid en geldigheid van die meetinstrumente te evalueer. Strukturele vergelyking modellering was gebruik om die strukturele model op die data te pas om vas te stel tot watter mate die bogenoemde konstrukte beduidende voorspellers van SW en SWW is. Die resultate van die studie het getoon dat die verskillende positiewe sielkundige hulpbronne, verskillende aspekte van welstand voorspel. Hoop het, byvoorbeeld, ‘n indirekte uitwerking op beide PA en SWW gehad; terwyl Optimisme n direkte invloed op EB en NA, met ‘n indirekte effek op PA en SWW getoon het. Self-doeltreffendheid het ‘n direkte invloed op EB, en Veerkragtigheid ‘n direkte invloed op PA, gehad. Optimisme, soos gevind in die Steyn (2011) studie, het ‘n baie sentrale rol in algehele welstand gespeel. Alhoewel Dankbaarheid geen direkte invloede op enige van die welstand konstrukte gehad het nie, het dit wel ‘n indirekte effek op PA, NA, EB en SWW gehad, meestal deur Optimisme. Sterk steun het na vore gekom dat Werksbetrokkenheid en Waargenome Organisasie Ondersteuning tot die welstand van werknemers bydra. Sielkundige Eienaarskap was die enigste konstruk wat geen direkte of indirekte invloed op welstand gehad het nie. Dit was geargumenteer dat ‘n moontlike verduideliking hiervoor mag wees dat Sielkundige Eienaarskap moontlik nie ‘n voorspeller van welstand is nie, maar eerder ‘n dimensie daarvan. Die belangrikheid van hierdie studie is dus gekonsentreerd in die wete dat daar sekere belangrike voorspellers tot die bestuur van SWW is. Die resultate verskaf ‘n moontlike verduideliking van die komplekse nomologiese net van veranderlikes en hul onderlinge verbande met mekaar, wat sodoende Sielkundige Welstand by die Werk beïnvloed.

p. 1 - 92 / Submitted by Santiago Fabio (fabio.ssantiago@hotmail.com) on 2013-01-22T20:10:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 AAAAAAAAAAA.pdf: 431416 bytes, checksum: 85e6433fa62716ee55d7e4a4d83d3570 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-01-22T20:10:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AAAAAAAAAAA.pdf: 431416 bytes, checksum: 85e6433fa62716ee55d7e4a4d83d3570 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Bem-estar no trabalho é um tema que vem despertando atenção crescente de diversos pesquisadores nos últimos tempos. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar trabalho de docentes do ensino superior e os níveis de bem-estar no trabalho. Dentre as diversas concepções de bem-estar – subjetivo, psicológico, social e do trabalho – adotou-se o bem-estar no trabalho, representado por três dimensões: satisfação no trabalho, envolvimento com o trabalho e comprometimento organizacional afetivo. O método utilizado foi um desenho de estudo transversal. Os participantes foram 31 docentes de uma universidade pública, localizada na Região Metropolitana de Salvador, no Estado da Bahia, sendo 74,2% homens e 25,8% mulheres, distribuídos entre solteiros e casados. O instrumento de coleta de dados foi um roteiro de entrevista semi-estruturada e um questionário auto-aplicável composto por três escalas que mediram as variáveis do estudo. A análise dos dados utilizou um pacote estatístico e, para caracterização dos participantes, foram realizadas análises descritivas simples – freqüências, médias e desvios-padrão. Os resultados deste estudo revelaram que, de uma forma geral, os docentes consideram que existe bem-estar no trabalho deles. Em relação à satisfação no trabalho, eles encontram-se insatisfeitos com o salário, medianamente satisfeitos com as promoções e com os colegas de trabalho e satisfeitos com a natureza do trabalho e com a chefia. Os participantes não se mostraram totalmente envolvidos com o trabalho. Sobre o comprometimento organizacional afetivo foi possível perceber que está presente no estabelecimento dos vínculos dos professores. Acredita-se que este estudo possa contribuir para aumentar o conhecimento sobre a relação entre a práxis dos docentes do ensino superior público e bem-estar no trabalho. / Salvador

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-02T21:42:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Antonio Roberto da Costa.pdf: 674525 bytes, checksum: 8ef276e7dc35f6767b5cdad2c7767ee6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-30 / This thesis aims at analyzing the relationship between perception of career success, wellbeing at work and performance of teachers distance learning (DL). To this end, we conducted a survey using a self-report questionnaire to collect data with 128 teachers EaD a private higher institution located in the state of Rio de Janeiro. For a discussion of the results of the search and analysis of the data was used SPSS - Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, version 18.0 for Windows. We calculated averages, standard deviations, correlation coefficients (Pearson's r) and differences between means (Student t). The results indicate, through the responses to the instruments used, the teachers were successful in distance education teaching career as proportional to the other variables and it can be seen that teachers DL surveyed have high levels of well-being at work in their dimensions (job satisfaction, job involvement and affective organizational commitment) because they are satisfied in their jobs and very emotionally committed to the educational institution and finally, confirms the trend in the occurrence of significant levels of performance. Therefore, it is concluded that in relation to the perception of career success, well-being at work, and performance, the teachers studied are satisfied with their professional distance education, and the dimensions of wellness are preferred researchers because variables have positive and significant over other constructs of this research. / Esta dissertação tem por objetivo geral analisar as relações entre percepção de sucesso na carreira, bem-estar no trabalho e desempenho de professores de ensino a distância (EaD). Para tanto, realizamos uma pesquisa por meio de um questionário de autopreenchimento para a coleta de dados com 128 professores da EaD de uma instituição superior particular situada no estado do Rio de Janeiro. Para a discussão e busca dos resultados das análises dos dados foi utilizado o software estatístico SPSS Statistical Package for the Social Science, versão 18.0 para Windows. Foram calculadas médias; desvios padrão; índices de correlação (r de Pearson); e diferenças entre médias (t de student). Os resultados indicam, por meio das respostas aos instrumentos aplicados, que os professores de EaD tiveram sucesso na carreira docente tão proporcional às demais variáveis e que é possível constatar que os professores de EaD pesquisados apresentam níveis elevados de bem-estar no trabalho em suas dimensões (satisfação no trabalho, envolvimento no trabalho e comprometimento organizacional afetivo) pois, estão satisfeitos em seus trabalhos e muito comprometidos afetivamente com a instituição de ensino e por fim, confirmam a tendência na ocorrência de níveis consideráveis de desempenho. Portanto, conclui-se que em relação à percepção de sucesso na carreira, ao bem estar no trabalho, e ao desempenho, os professores estudados estão satisfeitos com sua atuação profissional da educação a distância, sendo que as dimensões de bem-estar são as preferidas dos pesquisadores, pois apresentam variáveis positivas e significativas sobre os demais constructos desta pesquisa.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T16:34:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marli Cristiane Barros.pdf: 895728 bytes, checksum: b7ba66e2a9a3b04c06d637d5c5788cab (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-04-27 / Estudos em ambiente laboral acerca do comportamento humano e da saúde no trabalho vêm ganhando maior número, devido à crescente busca por melhores resultados organizacionais, pois a incapacidade de controlar as próprias emoções e de se comunicar eficazmente leva a conflitos repetidos e ao decréscimo de produtividade (WEISINGER, 1997). A dimensão saúde no trabalho ganha relevância, porque saúde não é apenas ausência de doença, vai muito além trata-se de bem-estar físico, mental e social. Existem alguns insumos básicos que podem contribuir para a promoção de saúde, como a construção de relações de confiança, que permite ao grupo compartilhar conhecimento e responsabilidades, realizando trabalho em equipe e alcançando objetivos. Outra fonte de saúde é o estado de bem-estar no trabalho, composta por satisfação no trabalho, envolvimento com o trabalho e comprometimento organizacional afetivo: satisfação no trabalho tem sido apontada como um vínculo afetivo positivo com o trabalho e tem sido definida como aspectos específicos deste vínculo as satisfações que se obtém nos relacionamentos com as chefias e com os colegas de trabalho, as satisfações advindas do salário pago pela empresa, das oportunidades de promoção ofertadas pela política de gestão da empresa e finalmente, das satisfações com as tarefas realizadas. O envolvimento com o trabalho após quatro décadas de sua concepção original pode ser compreendido mais contemporaneamente como um estado de fluxo e o comprometimento organizacional afetivo representa a concepção de ligação positiva do empregado com um empregador, de elevada identificação com os objetivos da organização e de reconhecimento sobre o quanto estar ligado àquela organização pode repercutir positivamente na vida do indivíduo. Este estudo teve como objetivo geral verificar a interdependência entre inteligência emocional, confiança do empregado na organização e bem-estar no trabalho. A pesquisa foi realizada em uma importante empresa brasileira de engenharia de construção e montagem, com uma amostra constituída por 22 participantes (altos executivos), homens e mulheres, com faixa etária entre 33 e 64 anos. Foi utilizado para a coleta de dados um questionário composto por cinco escalas que mediram as três dimensões de bem-estar no trabalho, as habilidades da inteligência emocional e as cinco dimensões da confiança do empregado na organização. Os resultados do estudo revelaram que apenas a confiança do empregado na organização teve correlações significativas com as dimensões de bem-estar no trabalho. A correlação mais alta e significativa se deu entre padrões éticos e comprometimento organizacional afetivo. Não houve nenhuma correlação significativa entre inteligência emocional e bem-estar no trabalho.

The well-being of workers has been perceived by managers as a fundamentally strategic aspect, since that, interfering on the professional behavior (LOCKE, 1976), tends to impact on the quality in the provision of services and the achievement of results and organizational goals (DAVIS, NEWSTROM, 2001). Understanding the context of the strategic management of public organizations in face of current challenges and considering the shortage of studies on the IES in question about: (i) the labor activity as a source of positive experiences, (ii) the perception of organizational reciprocity and (iii) potencial implications in a conduct more responsive with the excellence in public service, the proposal of this research lies in the following question: What is the level of well-being at work of the UFSM s technical-administrative officials and what are the relations with support and organizational commitment? . To answer this question, are used 3 theoretical models: the model suggested by Paschoal and Tamayo (2008) to evaluate well-being at work; the model suggested by Siqueira (2005) to measure organizational support and the the model suggested by Medeiros and Enders (1998) for organizational commitment, exclusively its affective dimension. This is a quantitative research, whose data are submitted to statistical methods and it‟s categorized as a case study of micro-organizational dimension. The sample was composed for 332 collaborators, distributed on the three levels of career (fundamental, middle and higher) and allocated in the eight Education Centers of the UFSM‟s main campus and Rectory. Although heterogeneous, the sample in its majority was composed for officials with 43 years of age, 16 years working at the UFSM, family income of approximately R$ 7.000,00, specialists, married and with child (children). The statistical analyzes showed that the intensity of self-perceived well-being at work achieved a level of neutrality. On the other hand, the self-perception about organizational support revealed a negative evaluation at a low level and the self-perception about affective organizational commitment revealed neutrality in the opinions of the respondents. The predetermined hypothesis in the research were confirmed, which reveals that 14,7% of the affective commitment is positively impacted by the well-being, 26% of the well-being is positively impacted by the perceived organizational support and 10,4% of the affective commitment is positively impacted by the perceived organizational support. In managerial terms, the realization of this research contributes as a as a possible diagnosis that expands the horizons of scientific knowledge about behavioral aspects in socio-organizational context of public institutions. / O bem-estar dos trabalhadores vem sendo percebido pelos gestores como um aspecto fundamentalmente estratégico, visto que, interferindo no comportamento profissional (LOCKE, 1976), tende a repercutir na qualidade na prestação de serviços e no atingimento dos resultados e metas organizacionais (DAVIS, NEWSTROM, 2001). Compreendendo-se o contexto da gestão estratégica das organizações públicas frente os atuais desafios e considerando-se a escassez de estudos na IES em questão sobre: (i) a atividade laboral como fonte de vivências positivas, (ii) a percepção de reciprocidade organizacional e (iii) as possíveis implicações em uma conduta mais responsiva com a excelência no serviço público, a proposta deste trabalho reside no seguinte questionamento: Qual o nível de bem-estar no trabalho dos servidores técnico-administrativos da UFSM e qual sua relação com o suporte e comprometimento organizacional? . Para respondê-lo, são utilizados 3 modelos: o proposto por Paschoal e Tamayo (2008) para avaliar bem-estar no trabalho; o de Siqueira (2005) para mensurar suporte organizacional e o modelo de Medeiros e Enders (1998) para comprometimento organizacional, sendo que neste trabalho tratou-se exclusivamente da dimensão afetiva. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de cunho quantitativo, cujos dados são submetidos a métodos estatísticos e subcategoriza-se como estudo de caso, de dimensão micro-organizacional. A amostra compôs-se de 332 colaboradores, distribuídos nos três níveis de carreira (apoio, médio e superior) e alocados nos oito Centros de Ensino do campus principal da UFSM e na Reitoria. Embora bastante heterogênea, a amostra em sua maioria apresentou-se composta por servidores com, em média, 43 anos de idade, 16 anos de trabalho junto à UFSM, renda familiar aproximada de R$ 7.000,00, com titulação de especialista, casados e com filho(s). As análises estatísticas apontaram que a intensidade de bem-estar no trabalho autopercepcionado atingiu um nível de neutralidade. Já a autopercepção sobre o suporte organizacional revelou uma avaliação negativa de nível baixo e, a acerca do comprometimento organizacional afetivo, evidenciou neutralidade na opinião dos respondentes. As hipóteses pré-determinadas na pesquisa foram confirmadas, o que revelou que 14,7% do comprometimento afetivo é impactado positivamente pelo bem-estar, 26% do bem-estar é impactado positivamente pelo suporte organizacional percebido e 10,4% do comprometimento afetivo é impactado positivamente pelo suporte organizacional percebido. Em termos gerenciais, a realização desta pesquisa se apresenta de forma contributiva como um possível diagnóstico que expanda os horizontes do conhecimento científico acerca de aspectos de cunho comportamental no contexto sócio-organizacional das instituições públicas.

Abstract To experientially understand the concept and phenomenon of well-being at work is a worthy and topical goal for both humanity and society. The main goal of this study is to add to the knowledge and understanding of well-being at work as an individually experienced and accounted phenomenon. This evaluation study which uses narrative approach seeks answers to questions 1) What is well-being at work in the narrations of the participants, aged 55 years and over, of this study, and 2) What are the Well-being profile processes qualities that enhance well-being at work. Well-being profile refers to the significance of a holistic activity plan for an individual’s well-being at work, which is evaluated in the thesis work. Data in this study was gathered in individual processes (n = 12) in 2004–2006 and the research methods used were diaries kept by the participants, and two interviews. For studying well-being in this thesis work, the researcher wanted to develop a new methodological and methodical narrative approach. Ontological and epistemological choices have been guided by the dialogic nature of the process and giving voice to the participants. Narrative method includes both interpretation of stories with thematic content analysis and interpretation of told stories. Results are presented as well-being and core stories on micro level, and as meta level research results on macro level. In the core stories it is demonstrated how storyline and time-related individual meanings are construed by narrative analysis. With thematic contents analysis of interpretations on meta level of research results well-being at work appeared in this study as individual, holistically experienced state of well-being. Continuously fluctuating bodily, situational and mental elements form the state of well-being at work. In this study, combined factors that form the phenomenon of well-being at work are commitment to work, holistic well-being, responsibility of oneself, dialogical communality, experienced challenge in work, personal and appreciative leadership, feelings of joy and success at work, feeling of doing a worthy job, customer service skills and fitting of personal needs into work description. Well-being profile process has given understanding, knowledge and peer support to that well-being at work is a broad-based story. It enables understanding how a person can contribute to it and well-being of work community can be enhanced. Well-being profile process shared meanings were described as functionality, expertness, wholeness, peer support in groups and support in change situations. To develop and appreciate the phenomenon of well-being at work, it is essential to hear and understand stories of people. From the view point of enhancing well-being at work, it is essential to perceive its’ individual and holistic character. Methodologically this study provides new kind of knowledge into the field of well-being at work research. / Tiivistelmä Työhyvinvoinnin ilmiön ja käsitteen kokemuksellinen ymmärtäminen on sekä yhteiskunnallisesti että inhimillisesti merkittävä ja ajankohtainen päämäärä. Tämän tutkimuksen päätavoitteena on ymmärryksen ja tiedon kasvattaminen työhyvinvoinnista yksilöllisesti koettuna ja kerrottuna ilmiönä. Lähestymistavaltaan narratiivisella arviointitutkimuksella haetaan vastauksia seuraaviin kysymyksiin: 1) Mitä työhyvinvointi ilmiönä on tähän tutkimukseen osallistuvien yli 55-vuotiaiden ihmisten kertomana ja 2) Mitkä ovat Hyvinvointiprofiili-prosessin työhyvinvointia edistävät merkitykset. Hyvinvointiprofiili-prosessilla tarkoitetaan väitöskirjassa arvioidun hyvinvointia edistävän kokonaisvaltaisen toimintamuodon merkitystä yksilön työhyvinvoinnille. Tutkimuksen aineisto on kerätty yksilöllisinä prosesseina (N = 12) vuosina 2004–2006 ja tiedonhankinnan tapoina ovat tutkimukseen osallistuvien ihmisten pitämät päiväkirjat sekä kaksi aktiivihaastattelua. Tässä tutkimuksessa työhyvinvoinnin tutkimiseen haluttiin kehittää uudenlainen metodologinen ja metodinen narratiivinen lähestymistapa. Ontologisia ja epistemologisia ratkaisuja ovat ohjanneet prosessimaisuus, dialogisuus ja äänen antaminen tutkimukseen osallistuville ihmisille. Narratiivinen metodi sisältää sekä kertomusten tulkintaa temaattisella sisältöjen luvulla että kertomuksellista tulkintaa. Tutkimustulokset tuodaan esille mikrotasolla työhyvinvointi- ja ydintarinoina sekä makrotasolla metatason tutkimustuloksina. Ydintarinoissa osoitetaan kertomuksellisen tulkinnan kautta rakentuvan juonen ja ajallisuuden henkilökohtaisten merkitysten rakentuminen. Kertomusten tulkinnan temaattisella sisältöjen luvulla metatason tutkimustuloksissa työhyvinvointi ilmiönä hahmottui tässä tutkimuksessa yksilöllisenä, kokonaisvaltaisesti koettuna hyvinvoinnin tilana. Työhyvinvoinnin tilan muodostavat jatkuvasti liikkeessä olevat tajunnalliset, situationaaliset ja keholliset tekijät. Tässä tutkimuksessa yhteiset kerrotut työhyvinvoinnin ilmiön muodostavat tekijät ovat seuraavat: työsitoutuneisuus, kokonaiselämän hyvinvointi, vastuullisuus itsestä, dialoginen yhteisöllisyys, koettu työn haasteellisuus, yksilöllinen ja arvostava esimiestyö, ilon ja onnistumisen kokemukset työssä, tunne arvostettavan työn tekemisestä, osaaminen asiakastyössä ja yksilöllisten tarpeiden huomiointi työnkuvassa. Hyvinvointiprofiili-prosessi on antanut ymmärrystä, tietoa ja vertaistukea siihen, että ihmisen työhyvinvointi on laaja-alainen tarina. Sen mukaan on mahdollista hahmottaa se, kuinka monin tavoin siihen voi sekä itse vaikuttaa että edistää työyhteisön työhyvinvointia. Hyvinvointiprofiili-prosessin yhteiset merkitykset työhyvinvoinnille kerrottiin tässä tutkimuksessa toiminnallisuudeksi, asiantuntijuudeksi, kokonaisvaltaisuudeksi, ryhmien vertaistueksi ja tueksi muutostilanteissa. Ihmisten kertomusten kuunteleminen ja ymmärtäminen on työhyvinvoinnin ilmiön ymmärtämisessä ja kehittämisessä tärkeää. Työhyvinvoinnin edistämisen kannalta on keskeistä havaita työhyvinvoinnin yksilöllisyys ja kokonaisvaltaisuus. Menetelmällisesti tämä tutkimus tuottaa uudenlaista tietoa työhyvinvoinnin tutkimisen kenttään.

Abstract There has been little improvement over the last few decades in the annual accident rate in workplaces within manufacturing industries. Viable innovative methods in small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) in the manufacturing industry are need for developing more effective ways to enhance the understanding of safety. Therefore, enterprises need new illustrative and participative trials to boost their ongoing and incomplete work. Research in to the significance of design science (DS) as a framework for enhancing health and safety issues has provided new views. One reason is most likely the macro-ergonomic comprehensive approach, however, DS is comprehensive and thus the results do not usually correlate with practical occasions. In addition to DS the work system objectives have to consider and be able to reveal the significance of health and safety issues. In this study, a work system is utilised for trialling illustrative and participative activities along with the necessary tools for supporting quality and well-being at work. In these cases, DS was used as the main guideline. This study also highlights innovation for introducing something new that can improve performance. The results of this study showed that the DS approach is applicable when developing a work system in SMEs. The innovative unification of the existing illustrative and participative methods produces new practical views for achieving improved performances. It was also shown that DS presents a new approach for modelling the development of innovations in relation to health and safety issues. / Tiivistelmä Työtapaturmien vuosittaiset lukumäärät ovat parantuneet vain vähän viime vuosikymmenten aikana. Tarvitaan käyttökelpoisia innovatiivisia menetelmiä valmistavassa teollisuudessa, jotta pystytään kehittämään enemmän tehokkaita keinoja turvallisuuden ymmärtämisen parantamiseksi. Siksi yritykset tarvitsevat uusia havainnollistavia ja osallistuvia kokeiluja tehostaakseen meneillään olevaa ja vaillinaista työtä. Suunnittelutieteen tutkiminen turvallisuuden ja terveellisyyden viitekehyksessä on antanut uusia näkemyksiä. Yksi syy on ehkä makroergonominen kokonaisvaltainen lähestymistapa. Kuitenkin suunnittelutiede on kokonaisvaltaista ja tulokset eivät ole välttämättä käytännön tilanteisiin sovellettavia. Suunnittelutieteen lisäksi työsysteemin objektit tuottavat tärkeitä näkemyksiä turvallisuus- ja terveellisyysasioihin. Tässä tutkimuksessa työsysteemiä hyödynnettiin havainnollistavien ja osallistuvien toimintojen ja työkalujen kokeiluun, jossa tuettiin yritysten toiminnan laatua ja työhyvinvointia. Näissä tapauksissa suunnittelutiedettä hyödynnettiin lähestymistapana. Tämä tutkimus korostaa lisäksi innovaatiota, jolla tuotetaan uutta parempaan suoriutumiseen. Tutkimuksen tulokset osoittivat, että suunnittelutiede on sopiva lähestymistapa pienten ja keskisuurten yritysten työsysteemin kehittämiseen. Olemassa olevien havainnollistavien ja osallistuvien menetelmien innovatiivinen yhdistäminen tuottaa uusia käyttökelpoisia näkökulmia paremman suoriutumisen saavuttamiseksi. Tutkimuksessa osoitettiin myös, että suunnittelutiede tarjoaa uuden näkökulman turvallisuuden ja terveellisyyden innovaatioiden kehittämisen mallintamiseen.

[pt] Este trabalho examina as relações entre recursos pessoais e bem-estar no trabalho de professores brasileiros, e para esse fim foram realizados dois estudos. Os estudos basearam-se no Modelo de Recursos e Demandas de Trabalho, que sugere que os recursos pessoais podem proteger os indivíduos contra o estresse relacionado com o trabalho. Os recursos pessoais examinados nesses estudos incluem autoeficácia ocupacional, trabalho significativo e a flexibilidade psicológica no trabalho. Enquanto dos desfechos possíveis são o burnout, o engajamento e a adição ao trabalho. A amostra foi composta por 111 professores do Ensino Básico, fundamental e médio do estado do Rio de Janeiro, sendo 76 por cento de mulheres, com idade média de 40 anos (DP = 10 anos), 45 por cento instituições públicas. Os instrumentos utilizados foram um levantamento sociodemográfico, com o objetivo de reconhecer a amostra, um levantamento da experiência dos professores com o Ensino Remoto Emergencial (ERE), a Escala de Sentido no Trabalho, a Escala de Autoeficácia Ocupacional – Versão Breve, a Escala de Engajamento no Trabalho de Utrecht, a Escala de Flexibilidade Psicológica no Trabalho, a Escala de Adição ao Trabalho e a Escala de Burnout – 12. Para a análise dos dados foram empregadas análises das correlações de Pearson, modelagem por equações estruturais e análise de moderação. Os resultados dos estudos indicam que as experiências com ERE foram fatores de risco para a Adição ao Trabalho e que os recursos pessoais atuaram como fatores protetivos ao Burnout em professores. Os resultados também sugerem que os recursos pessoais atuaram como antecedentes do engajamento no trabalho, e que a flexibilidade psicológica atuou como variável moderadora da relação dos demais recursos com o engajamento. Tais resultados podem ser relevantes para o desenvolvimento de intervenções que contribuam para a promoção do bem-estar e para a prevenção do adoecimento dos professores. / [en] This paper examines the relationships between personal resources and wellbeing at work in Brazilian teachers during the COVID-19 pandemic, and for this purpose two studies were carried out. The studies were based on the Job Demands and Resources Model, which suggests that personal resources can protect individuals against work-related stress. Personal resources examined in these studies include occupational self-efficacy, meaningful work, and psychological flexibility at work. While possible outcomes are burnout, work engagement and addiction to work. The sample was composed of 111 teachers of Rio de Janeiro, 76 percent of whom were women, with an average age of 40 years (SD = 10 years), 45 percent from public institutions. The instruments used were a sociodemographic survey, with the aim of recognizing the sample, a survey of teachers experience with the ERE, the Work and Meaning Inventory, the Occupational Self-Efficacy Scale – Brief Version, the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale, the Psychological Flexibility at Work Scale, the Dutch Work Addiction Scale and the Burnout Assessment Tool – 12. Pearson correlation analysis, structural equation modeling and moderation analysis were used to analyze the data. The results of the studies indicate that experiences with Emergency Remote Teaching were risk factors for workaholism and that personal resources acted as protective factors against burnout in teachers. The results also suggest that personal resources acted as antecedents of work engagement, and that psychological flexibility acted as a moderating variable in the relationship between other resources and engagement. Such results may be relevant for the development of interventions that contribute to promoting well-being and preventing teachers from becoming ill.

La présente thèse propose une réflexion sur les valeurs du travail à partir de l’œuvre de Martha C. Nussbaum, de sa conception des capacités, de la vie bonne et de la justice. Nous y définissions la valeur du travail en fonction de ses effets sur les capacités du travailleur et des autres partie-prenantes. Penser les valeurs du travail à partir des capacités relationnelles permet de rendre compte de dimensions essentielles que le travail permet de développer et que chaque être humain valorise : le respect de soi, la qualité des relations inter-personnelles ou les interactions positives avec le milieu naturel et culturel, de façon à préserver le bien vivre aujourd’hui et demain. Nous éclairons ainsi les enjeux et des finalités du bien vivre au travail, en s’appuyant sur une anthropologie et une éthique relationnelles inspirées d’Aristote et de Kant. Suivant cette approche, le travail s’inscrit aussi dans un cadre institutionnel qui vise à garantir à tous l’accès aux capacités, et en particulier à ceux qui en sont exclus.En contrepoint des approches purement instrumentales de la valeur du travail, d’inspiration utilitariste et néoclassique, cette conception des valeurs du travail est centrée ses finalités, en termes de fonctionnements humains et de vie bonne, à une échelle individuelle et collective.La portée pratique de cette recherche consiste à mettre en évidence les tensions dont le travail contemporain est l’objet et à proposer une démarche pour évaluer, de façon plus juste, les capacités des êtres humains qui y sont engagées. Elle ouvre ainsi la voie à une réflexion pour des acteurs économiques – équipes, entrepreneurs, investisseurs - qui souhaiteraient s’inspirer du cadre proposé pour faire évoluer leurs pratiques et leurs modèles économiques, en promouvant une économie qui serait davantage attentive à la qualité relationnelle entre les parties prenantes. / This thesis proposes a reflection on the values of work based on the work of Martha C. Nussbaum, her conception of capabilities, good life and justice. We defined the value of work in terms of its effects on the abilities of the worker and other stakeholders. Defining work values based on relational capacities makes it possible to account for essential dimensions that work allows to develop and that each human being values: self-respect, the quality of interpersonal relations or positive interactions with the natural and cultural environment, so as to preserve the good life today and tomorrow. In this way, we shed light on the challenges and aims of good working life, based on an anthropology and relational ethics inspired by Aristotle and Kant. Following this approach, the work is also part of an institutional framework that aims to guarantee access to capacities for all, and in particular for those excluded from them.As a counterpoint to purely instrumental approaches to the value of work, utilitarian and neoclassical in inspiration, this conception of work values is centred on its aims, in terms of human functioning and good life, on an individual and collective scale.The practical scope of this research consists in highlighting the tensions to which contemporary work is subjected and in proposing an approach to evaluate, in a more accurate way, the capacities of the human beings who are committed to it. It thus opens the way to reflection for economic players - teams, entrepreneurs, investors - who would like to draw inspiration from the proposed framework to change their business practices and models, by promoting an economy that would be more attentive to the quality of relationships between stakeholders.

Introduction : L’augmentation croissante de la survie après un cancer du sein conduit de plus en plus à accompagner ces femmes vers un retour à la vie active. Ce travail de thèse vise un double objectif. Il s’agira tout d’abord d’étudier la santé mentale au travail des femmes ayant un passé de cancer du sein en ayant recours à une approche comparative avec un groupe contrôle. Plus spécifiquement, nous tenterons de mettre à jour les stresseurs influant sur le burnout d’une part et les ressources impactant le bien-être psychologique au travail d’autre part. Le second objectif s’intéresse au couple et à la santé mentale au travail de chacun de ses membres en ayant recours à une approche dyadique et comparative.Méthode : Au total, 308 personnes ont été interrogées (88 femmes avec un passé de cancer du sein et 20 conjoints ; 100 femmes sans passé de cancer et leur conjoint). Tous ont complété des mesures évaluant leur santé mentale au travail (burnout et bien-être psychologique au travail), leurs ressources personnelles et relatives au travail (auto-efficacité, optimisme, expressivité émotionnelle, détachement psychologique du travail), des stresseurs (charge de travail, conflit vie professionnelle vie privée), leurs manifestations anxio-dépressives, leur satisfaction de vie et leur satisfaction de leur relation de couple. Résultats : Les résultats de la première étude ont montré que les femmes avec un passé de cancer ont des scores de burnout plus élevés que les femmes n’ayant pas ce vécu. Pour autant, ces scores se sont révélés en deçà des seuils critiques pour les deux groupes. Par ailleurs, cette première étude a permis d’identifier un effet modérateur des manifestations anxieuses sur la relation entre le conflit vie professionnelle-vie privée et le burnout dans le groupe clinique. Dans ce même groupe, et comparativement au groupe contrôle, la deuxième étude a permis de mettre à jour le sentiment d’efficacité personnelle comme la variable ressource la plus prédictive du bien-être psychologique au travail global et de ses composantes. Par ailleurs, la troisième étude a permis de montrer l’effet médiateur du sentiment d’appartenance à son environnement professionnel qui protègerait le groupe clinique de l’impact de la charge de travail sur le burnout. Enfin, dans les deux dernières études, et contre toutes attentes, les analyses causales auprès des couples des deux groupes ont révélé une sensibilité accrue du conjoint dont la compagne a été concernée par un cancer à sa satisfaction de sa relation de couple, ainsi qu’une influence tant au niveau de la détresse émotionnelle que des ressources de sa compagne sur sa santé mentale au travail.Conclusion : En contexte professionnel, les femmes ayant un passé de cancer du sein de ce travail de thèse se sont révélées en capacité de mobiliser des ressources pour se protéger du burnout et pour promouvoir et entretenir leur bien-être au travail. En revanche, leurs conjoints sont apparus plus sensibles à la situation de leur couple et aux signaux de leur compagne. Des recommandations en termes d’accompagnement du couple, durant la période de l’après-annonce de la rémission, seront discutées et suggérées. / Introduction : An increasing number of people surviving the cancer lead more and more to assist them in order to return to active working life. This study had two objectives. First, we investigated the mental health at work of women survivor of breast cancer using a comparative approach with a control group. More specifically, we identified stressors that affect burnout and resources that impact psychological well-being at work. The second objective focused on the couple and the mental health at work of each of its members using a dyadic and comparative approach. The main objective of this research wereto identify what positively affects well-being at work, while considering the possible partner’s influence in the context of return to work after cancer. Method: 308 adults were interviewed (88 women affected by a history of breast cancer and 20 spouses, 100 women without cancer experience and their spouse). They completed measures of mental health at work (burnout and psychological well-being at work), personal and work-related resources (self-efficacy, optimism, emotional expressivity, psychological detachment at work), stressors (workload, work-family conflict), anxiety and depression, life satisfaction and satisfaction with their relationship. Results: Results of the first study showed that women with a history of cancer have higher burnout scores than women who do not have this experience. However, these scores were below the critical thresholds for both groups. In addition, this first study identified a moderating effect of anxious manifestations on the relationship between work-family conflict and burnout in the clinical group. In this same group, and compared to the control group, the second study identified self-efficacy as the most predictive resource of psychological well-being at work and its components. In addition, the third study showed the mediating effect of feeling of belonging to professional environment it would protect the clinical group from the impact of the workload on burnout. Finally, in the last two studies, and contrary to expectations, the causal analyzes revealed an increased sensitivity of the spouse whose woman was affected by cancer to his satisfaction with his relationship, as well as an influence at the level of partner’s emotional distress and resources on his mental health at work.Conclusion: In a professional context, women with a history of breast cancer in this thesis work proved to be able to mobilize resources to protect themselves from burnout and to promote and maintain their well-being at work. Moreover, their spouses appeared more sensitive to the situation of their couple and signals of their partner. Recommendations in terms of support for the couple, during the period after the announcement of the remission, will be discussed and suggested.