Submitted by Johnny Rodrigues (johnnyrodrigues@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-09-25T20:42:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PATRÍCIA MARIA DE ARAÚJO GOMES - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGEA 2002..pdf: 8980687 bytes, checksum: 2e8a396f165bd52f1c2f6e78e23c1cc2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-25T20:42:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PATRÍCIA MARIA DE ARAÚJO GOMES - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGEA 2002..pdf: 8980687 bytes, checksum: 2e8a396f165bd52f1c2f6e78e23c1cc2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2002-08 / Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de produzir polpa de acerola (Malphighia emarginata D.C) em pó, caracteriza-lá e estudar as alterações produzidas pelo efeito do seu armazenamento. O pó de acerola foi obtido mediante a secagem de uma solução contendo 90% de polpa de acerola e 10% de maltodextrina, em um secador do tipo leito de jorro, com temperatura do ar de secagem de 70°C. Caracterizou-se fisico-químicamente a polpa de acerola. através da determinação de pH. sólidos solúveis (°Brix), umidade, sólidos totais, acidez total, ácido ascórbico, açúcares redutores e cinzas. Determinaram-se as isotermas de adsorção de umidade da polpa de acerola em pó, nas temperaturas de 20°C, 25°C e 30°C, através do método gravimétrico estático, utilizando-se soluções saturadas de sais. Os dados experimentais das isotermas foram ajustados com as equações de BET, GAB, Oswin e Smith, sendo classificadas como Tipo III de acordo com BRUNAUER. Fez-se a análise física da polpa de acerola em pó, por meio da determinação da densidade, ângulo de repouso, tempo de escoamento e molhabilidade, cujo resultados demonstraram que o pó de acerola é um produto de alta higroscopicidade e apresenta problemas de fluidez. No estudo do armazenamento da polpa de acerola em pó, em temperatura ambiente, observou-se, após 60 dias de armazenamento, perda de 29.72% no teor do ácido ascórbico, aumento de 51,31% na umidade e escurecimento do pó, constatado através da leitura dos parâmetros da cor (L, a, b); o valor do pH variou durante o armazenamento, oscilando entre 3,7 e 3,8. / This work had, as aim, the obtaining and characterization of West Indian cherry (Malphighia emarginata D.C) powder pulp and study the storage effect in the powder. The West Indian cherry powder was obtained by drying a solution containing 90% of West Indian cherry pulp and 10% of maltodextrin, in a spouted bed dryer, with drying air temperature of 70°C. The West Indian cherry pulp was physical-chemically characterized. by pH. soluble solids (°Brix), moisture content. total solids, total acidity, ascorbic acid. sugars reducers and ashes. The moisture adsorption isotherms of the West Indian cherry powder were determined in temperatures of 20°C, 25°C and 30°C, by gravimetric static method, using saturated salt solutions. The experimental data of isotherms were fitted with the BET, GAB, Oswin and Smith's equations, being classified as Type III according to BRUNAUER. The physical analysis of West Indian cherry powder was made by determination of density. repose angle, funnel discharge time and wettability whose demonstrated that the West Indian cherry powder is a high higroscopic product and has difficulty of flowability. In the study West Indian cherry powder storage, at room temperature, was observed, alter 60 days of storage, loss of 29.72% in the ascorbic acid content, increase of 51.31% in the moisture content, browning of the powder, this had been verified by the parameters of the color (L, a, b); the value of the pH varied during the storage, between 3.7 and 3.8.

L’Escarpement des Ghâts Occidentaux borde la marge passive Ouest de l’Inde péninsulaire et sépare le bas-pays de la plaine côtière des hauts-plateaux à l’Est comme celui des trapps du Deccan vieux de 63 Ma et celui des roches précambriennes. Il a été suggéré une mise en place de cet escarpement par érosion d’un épaulement de rift élevé, et des mesures thermochronologiques ont estimé une forte dénudation dans la plaine côtière autour de ~ 50 Ma.Nous apportons des contraintes temporelles complémentaires quant à l’évolution de cette marge passive, par datation 40Ar-39Ar d’oxydes de manganèse potassiques (cryptomélane) extraits de formations latéritiques, reliques des paléosurfaces d’altération, sur le plateau et dans la plaine côtière. Trois principales paléosurfaces ont été identifiées, échantillonnées puis datées sur le plateau à différentes altitudes, ainsi qu’une quatrième dans la plaine côtière. Des latérites datées à 47 Ma dans la plaine côtière impliquent que l’escarpement existait déjà à l’Eocène moyen alors qu’une intense altération bauxitique affectait les deux côtés de l’escarpement. Nos résultats indiquent également des taux d’érosion faibles (~ 4 m.Ma-1) au pied de l’escarpement depuis 47 Ma, et un taux d’incision aussi faible (~ 5 m.Ma-1) depuis 19 Ma. Sur le plateau, l’érosion est plus importante mais inférieure à 15 m.Ma-1 depuis 45 Ma, et l’incision est inférieure à 6 m.Ma-1 depuis 23 Ma. Nos résultats indiquent de surcroit un diachronisme longitudinal des érosions et altérations de part et d’autre de l’escarpement depuis sa formation, et suggèrent la mise en place d’un gradient climatique fort entre l’Ouest et l’Est dès l’optimum climatique Eocène. / The western continental passive margin of Peninsular India is marked by the Western Ghats escarpment, which separates the coastal lowland from the highland plateaus and is carved both into the 63-Ma old Deccan Trapps and their Archean basement. Previous studies suggested establishment of the escarpment by erosion across an elevated rift shoulder, and thermochronologic models predicted strong denudation in the coastal lowland by ~ 50 Ma.We provided complementary time constraints on the evolution of the passive margin by 40Ar-39Ar dating of supergene K-Mn oxides (cryptomelane) sampled in lateritic formations exposed on paleosurfaces, which are preserved as relicts on the highland plateau and in the coastal lowland on both sides of the escarpment. Three main lateritic paleosurfaces were identified, sampled and dated in the highland at different altitude ranges, and one in the lowland.Preservation of laterites as old as 47 Ma in the coastal lowland implies that the escarpment already existed in the Mid-Eocene while intense bauxitic weathering was taking place on both sides of the escarpment. Our results indicate limited erosion (~ 4 m.Ma-1) at the foot of the escarpment since 47 Ma, and low incision rate of the lowland (~ 5 m.Ma-1) since 19 Ma. Ages obtained on the highland indicate further Neogene erosion but at less than 15 m.Ma-1 since 45 Ma, and incision lower than 6 m.Ma-1 since 23 Ma. Our results further document post-Eocene divergent erosion and weathering histories across the escarpment since it was formed, suggesting installation of a dual climatic regime on either sides of this escarpment after the Eocene peak greenhouse.

A partir d’un corpus télévisé issu des chaînes publiques hertziennes, cette recherche analyse les modalités discursives de traitement télévisuel des contentieux postcoloniaux,- au cœur des mobilisations afro-antillaises articulées autour de trois pôles de luttes (visibilité, discriminations et reconnaissance mémorielle),- réapparus sous la forme d’une nouvelle «Question noire» française durant les années 2000. Il est question plus précisément d’identifier les régimes de monstration de ces mobilisations dont la mise en débat public révèle leur problématisation éristique, à travers un mode d’accès essentiellement polémique à l’agenda médiatique. Ce mode d’admission télévisuel a pour effet l’exhumation en permanence d’un clivage ethno-racial dans les discours publics et médiatiques. En outre, la monstration se déploie à travers le registre d’une mise en scène symbolique de l’opposition entre deux types de figures médiatiques : d’un côté, les Ultra-républicains, dans le rôle des défenseurs autoproclamés de la république et de l’autre, les figures minoritaires engagées dans les actions de contestation de leur statut en son sein. Enfin, cette étude met au jour le déploiement, d’un côté, des procédures discursives de disqualification du minoritaire et de l’autre, celles liées à la re-légitimation du modèle républicain d’intégration dans le processus de prise en charge publique des contentieux postcoloniaux. Cette thèse est structurée autour de deux parties. La première partie s’ouvre sur l’histoire de la présence afro-antillaise en France. Elle met en exergue, dans un premier chapitre, les fondements historiques de la présence noire hexagonale. La deuxième partie concerne notre enquête sur la monstration des revendications afro-antillaises. Charpentée autour de cinq chapitres, cette partie est consacrée à l’analyse des 38 émissions de notre corpus reparties sur une période de dix ans entre 1998 et 2008. / From a French public channels corpus, this study aims to analize Tv representions of postcolonial contentious issues, in the heart of French Blacks mobilisations which are structured around three mean claims (visibility, discriminations and memory recognition). Describing the will of French Blacks to exist on public sphere, these claims make the historic debate of the “Question noire” reappeared from the 2000s. The research, which intends to question the way in which Afro carribean mobilisations were told and represented on French public television, identifies following major trends. Fisrtly, the television debates analysis underlines an “eristic problematisation” of “Question noire” related issues with essentially polemical media coverage. The result of this type of access to the media agenda is a constant exhumation of an ethnoracial split in media and public discourses. Secondly, Tv coverage analysis reveals a symbolic production of an opposition between two dominant media figures. In one side, the “Ultra-républicains” playing the rôle of self-proclaimed defenders of French republic, and, on the other side, a coalition of minoriy claims defenders. The study, at last, reveals both discourses of disqualification of the minorities, and, discourses of re-legitimation of the French model of integration. This thesis consists of two parts. The first one deals with French Black history. It presents historic reasons of their presence from slavery up to decolonization. The second part explores the representation of postcolonial contentious issues in French public televisions. Structured on five chapters, it proposes a content analysis of our corpus based on 38 broadcasts between 1998 and 2008.

L’abeille mellifère (Apis mellifera) est une espèce clé dans son aire d’origine tant pour les services écosystémiques rendus que pour les productions apicoles. Toutefois, ses populations sont soumises à différents facteurs de stress biotiques responsables de mortalités importantes. Dans les îles du Sud- Ouest de l’Océan Indien (SOOI) la sous-espèce d’abeille endémique est A. m. unicolor. Toutefois, aucune étude n’avait été réalisée sur sa pathosphère et ce n’est que depuis 2010 où l’ectoparasite Varroa destructor a envahi certaines de ces îles, menaçant cette sous-espèce, que de premières études ont été conduites. Dans ce travail de thèse, nous avons réalisé un état des lieux général de la santé des cheptels d’abeilles grâce à des enquêtes épidémiologiques descriptives dans la majorité des îles : La Réunion, Maurice, Rodrigues, Madagascar et les Seychelles. Nous avons pu montrer des faciès épidémiologiques assez similaires entre les îles, marqués par une dominance de Nosema ceranae particulièrement dans les petites îles (80-100%) et la présence de 3 virus : BQCV (4-89%), CBPV (2-51% excepté à Rodrigues) et DWV (4-40% excepté à La Réunion). D’autres agents pathogènes n’ont été retrouvés que sur certains territoires comme Aethina tumida, Braula pretoriensis, Acarapis sp. ou Melissococcus plutonius. L’analyse de la diversité génétique réalisée sur les 3 virus a montré une proximité des souches virales au sein du SOOI. Les enquêtes réalisées dans un contexte sans varroa ont montré une bonne santé des colonies avec une absence de signes cliniques. Les mortalités constatées n’ont concernées que les territoires envahis par varroa : Madagascar, Maurice, La Réunion. Varroa semble donc être le principal responsable des mortalités aiguës de colonies dans la zone bien avant les autres agents pathogènes ou les causes environnementales. Son impact sur les populations d’abeilles et in fine sur les écosystèmes indigènes sera à évaluer dans les années futures. / The honeybee (Apis mellifera) is a key species in its native range for both ecosystem services offerred and for bee products. However, its populations are subject to various biotic stressors responsible for significant mortalities. In the South-West Indian Ocean region the endemic bee subspecies is A. m.unicolor. However, no studies had been carried out on its pathosphere and it is only since 2010 where the ectoparasite Varroa destructor invaded some of these islands, threatening this subspecies, that first studies were conducted. In this thesis work, we carried out a general inventory of the health of honeybee herds through descriptive epidemiological surveys in the majority of islands: Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Madagascar and Seychelles. We were able to show quite similar epidemiological facies between islands, characterized by a dominance of Nosema ceranae especially in small islands (80-100%) and the presence of 3 viruses: BQCV (4-89%), CBPV (2- 51% except in Rodrigues) and DWV (4-40% except in Reunion). Other pathogens have only been found in certain territories such as Aethinatumida, Braula pretoriensis, Acarapis sp. or Melissococcus plutonius. The analysis of the genetic diversity carried out on the 3 viruses showed a proximity of viral strains within the SOOI. Surveys conducted in a context without varroa showed good colony health with no clinical signs. The observed mortalities concerned only the territories invaded by varroa: Madagascar, Mauritius, Reunion. Varroa therefore appears to be the main cause of acute colony mortality in the area long before other pathogens or environmental causes. Its impact on bee populations and ultimately on native ecosystems will be evaluated in future years.

This exploratory study investigates how racialized immigrant women experience and respond to intimate partner abuse (IPA). The American and European models of intersectionality theory are used to highlight structural constraints and agentic responses as experienced and enacted by racialized immigrant women. Eight women described their experiences through semi-structured interviews, revealing an array of both defensive and pro-active types of strategies aimed at short- and long-term outcomes. Responses included aversion, negative reinforcement or coping strategies like prayer or self-coaching, and accordingly varied by the constraints under which the women lived as newcomers to Canada. Policy recommendations promote acknowledgement of women’s decision-making abilities and provide a model in which women can choose from a selection of options in how to respond, rather than strictly interventionist models. Study results can help to challenge stereotypes of abused women as passive victims, and empower the image of immigrant women as active knowers of their circumstances.

L'objectif de cette thèse est l'étude du régime alimentaire de poissons côtiers commerciaux et la compréhension de l'utilité des isotopes stables du carbone (δ13C) et de l'azote (δ15N) dans l'étude des niches trophiques et de l'occupation des habitats côtiers par les poissons dans le sud-ouest de l'océan Indien. Dans la Baie de La Possession, les espèces représentatives des récifs artificiels immergés en 2003 (Luljanus kasmira, Priacanthus hamrur et Selar crumenophthalmus) ingèrent surtout des proies pélagiques et partitionnent leurs niches trophiques afin de limiter la compétition. Les valeurs de δ15N sont positivement corrélées avec la taille des poissons, traduisant une contribution croissante des larves de poissons au régime alimentaire. Les isotopes stables de la matière organique particulaire (MOP) ont été analysés à microéchelle (< 10 km) dans la Baie de La Possession, à mésoéchelle (10aines de km) autour de La Réunion et, pour les muscles de poissons à macroéchelle (l00aines de km) le long,du plateau .des Mascareignes.et du cana1 du Mozambique. À microéchelle, le δ15N de la MOP ne varie pas; à mésoechelle, Il existe un enrichissement significatif en 15N dans le sud-ouest de l'île; à macroéchelle, les muscles des poissons s'enrichissent progressivement en 15N vers le nord. À microéchelle, la MOP est enrichie en 13C à faible profondeur; à mésoéchelle, les stations de l'est sont enrichies en 13C ; à macroéchelle, aucune tendance n'est observée. Ainsi, l'utilité des isotopes stables du carbone pour l'étude de l'utilisation des habitats côtiers est limitée à méso- et macroéchelle et les isotopes stables de l'azote constituent un outil plus pertinent à macroéchelle / The aim of this thesis was to study the feeding habits of coastal fish species of commercial interest andto use stable isotopes of carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) to investigate the trophic niches of fish and their use of coastal habitats in the south-west Indian Ocean. In the Bay of La Possession, the species among the most abundant around the artificial reefs immersed in 2003 (Luljanus kasmira, Priacanthus hamrur and Selar crumenophthalmus) feed essentially on pelagic prey and partition their trophic niche to limit interspecific competition. There was also a positive correlation between fish size and muscle δ15N values due to fish larvae contributing more to the diet of fish with age. The stable isotopie composition of the particulate organic matter (POM) was measured at the microscale (< 10 km) in the Bay of La Possession, the mesoscale (10's of km) around Reunion Island and, for the fish muscles, at the macroscale 100’s of km) along the Mascarene plateau and the Mozambique channel. At microscale, POM δ15N values do not show any spatial variability; at mesoscale, POM is 15N-enriched in the south-west of Reunion Island; at macroscale, fish muscles are gradually 15N-enriched towards the north. At microscale, POM shows a 13C-enrichment on the shallowest station; at mesoscale, stations on the east coast of the island are 13C-enriched compared to the west; at macroscale, POMδ13C values are not significantly correlated with latitude. Thus, the stable isotopes of carbon do not seem to be appropriate for the study of fish coastal habitat use at the meso- and macroscale, and the stable isotopes of nitrogen represent a better indicator of fish habitat use at the macroscale.

This exploratory study investigates how racialized immigrant women experience and respond to intimate partner abuse (IPA). The American and European models of intersectionality theory are used to highlight structural constraints and agentic responses as experienced and enacted by racialized immigrant women. Eight women described their experiences through semi-structured interviews, revealing an array of both defensive and pro-active types of strategies aimed at short- and long-term outcomes. Responses included aversion, negative reinforcement or coping strategies like prayer or self-coaching, and accordingly varied by the constraints under which the women lived as newcomers to Canada. Policy recommendations promote acknowledgement of women’s decision-making abilities and provide a model in which women can choose from a selection of options in how to respond, rather than strictly interventionist models. Study results can help to challenge stereotypes of abused women as passive victims, and empower the image of immigrant women as active knowers of their circumstances.

Il presente elaborato si propone di esplorare la tradizione del romanzo di formazione caraibico considerando il genere del romanzo di formazione, le sue caratteristiche, la sua storia, e individuando le peculiarità che il genere ha sviluppato all'interno della tradizione post-coloniale, soprattutto nel contesto caraibico di lingua inglese. Il primo capitolo stabilisce cosa si intenda con “romanzo di formazione caraibico” e introduce i dodici romanzi selezionati per questo studio. La tesi quindi procede identificando quattro argomenti principali, o macro temi, a ciascuno dei quali è dedicato un capitolo, e confrontando il modo in cui questi vengono sviluppati nei diversi romanzi. I temi sono: la scuola e l’istruzione, la cultura e la storia, la politica, la partenza. La tesi si chiude con una breve riflessione sul tema del ritorno. / The present study aims to explore the Caribbean Bildungsroman tradition by considering the Bildungsroman genre, its features, and history, and by pointing out the peculiarities that the genre developed within the postcolonial tradition and specifically in the anglophone Caribbean context. The first chapter establishes what is meant by “Caribbean Bildungsroman” and introduces the twelve novels selected for this study. The study then proceeds by identifying four main topics, or macro themes, each developed in a separate chapter, and by comparing the way such themes are dealt with in each of the novels. The themes are: school and education, culture and history, politics, departure. The study closes on a brief reflection on the possibility of return.