Evolving technology in wireless telecommunication, such as 5G, provides opportunities to utilize wireless communication more in an industrial setting where reliability and predictability are of great concern. More capable Industrial Internet of Things devices (IIoT) are, indeed, a catalyst for Industry 4.0. Still, before the IIoT devices can be deemed capable enough, a method to evaluate the IIoT systems unobtrusively—so that the evaluation does not affect the performance of the systems—must be established. This thesis aims to answer how the performance of a distributed control system can be unobtrusively evaluated, and also determine what the state-of-the-art is in latency measurements in distributed control systems. To answer the question, a novel diagnostics method for time-critical control systems in cloud-fog automation is proposed and extensively evaluated on real-life testbeds that use 5G, WiFi 6, and Ethernet in an edge-computing topology with real control systems. The feasibility of the proposed method was verified by experiments conducted with a diagnostics framework prototype developed in this thesis. In the proposed diagnostics framework, the controller application is monitored by a computing probe based on an extended Berkeley Packet Filter program. Network communication between the controller and control target is evaluated with a multi-channel Ethernet probe and custom-made software that computes several metrics related to the performance of the distributed system. The data from the unobtrusive probes are sent to a time-series database that is used for further analysis and real-time visualization in a graphical interface created with Grafana. The proposed diagnostics method together with the developed prototype can be used as a research infrastructure for future evaluations of distributed control systems.

Denna rapport behandlar prestandaproblem i den nyligen standardiserade Mesh kommunikationsstandarden (IEEE 802.11s). I denna rapport, undersöker och förbättra vi ett förhållande som resulterar i reduktion av genomströmningen i en kedja av noder topologi. IEEE802.11s är mycket lovande med många fördelar för både IoT-systemen och trådlösa nätverk i båda hemmet och arbete.Vi arbetar med frågan om orättvisa när CSMA/CA tillämpas, vilket orsakar genomströmningsreduktion på grund av paketförluster och indikerar svältning. Vi analyserar konsekvenserna av Collision Avoidance (CA) mekanism och föreslår en ersättning för CA som är både rättvist och samtidigt kan upprätthålla undvikande av kollisioner. Vi implementera detta i en simulator och resultatet visar på betydligt högre end-to-end-genomströmning än standard CSMA/CA och inga paketförluster på grund av buffertspill. / This thesis rapport deals with the performance issues of the newly standardized Wireless mesh protocol (IEEE 802.11s). In this thesis, we work on improving the conditions that results in throughput degradation in a chain of nodes topology. The mesh standard is very promising with many advantages for both IoT systems and home wireless networks.We work on the issue of unfairness when CSMA/CA is applied, which causes throughput degradation due to packet loss and indicates starvation. We analyze the implication of the Collision Avoidance (CA) mechanism and propose a replacement for the CA that is both fair and able to maintain collision avoidance. We implement this in a simulator and the result shows significantly higher end-to-end throughput compared to the original CSMA/CA and no packet loss due to buffer overflow.

No description available.

In today’s world, the applications of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) systems are leaping by extending their scope from military applications on to commercial and medical sectors as well. Owing to this commercialization, the need to append external hardware with UAV systems becomes inevitable. This external hardware could aid in enabling wireless data transfer between the UAV system and remote Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) using low powered architecture like Thread, BLE (Bluetooth Low Energy). The data is being transmitted from the flight controller to the ground control station using a MAVlink (Micro Air Vehicle Link) protocol. But this radio transmission method is not secure, which may lead to data leakage problems. The ideal aim of this research is to address the issues of integrating different hardware with the flight controller of the UAV system using a light-weight protocol called UAVCAN (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Controller Area Network). This would result in reduced wiring and would harness the problem of integrating multiple systems to UAV. At the same time, data security is addressed by deploying an encryption chip into the UAV system to encrypt the data transfer using ECC (Elliptic curve cryptography) and transmitting it to cloud platforms instead of radio transmission.

Le récent développement des appareils portatifs possédant une interface Wi-Fi (smartphones, tablettes et « wearables ») s'accompagne d'une menace sur la vie privée de leurs utilisateurs, et sur la société toute entière. Ces appareils émettent en continu des signaux pouvant être capturés par un attaquant passif, à l'aide de matériel peu coûteux et de connaissances basiques. Ces signaux contiennent un identifiant unique appelé l'adresse MAC. Pour faire face à cette menace, les acteurs du secteur déploient actuellement une contre-mesure sur les appareils récents: le changement aléatoire de l'adresse MAC. Malheureusement, nous montrons que cette mesure, dans son état actuel, n'est pas suffisante pour empêcher le traçage des appareils. Pour cela, nous introduisons plusieurs attaques basées sur le contenu et la répartition temporelle des signaux. En complément, nous étudions les implémentations du changement aléatoire de l'adresse MAC sur des appareils récents, et trouvons un certain nombre de manquements limitant l'efficacité de ces implémentations à prévenir le traçage. En parallèle, nous effectuons deux études de terrain. La première s'attaque au développement des acteurs exploitant les problèmes cités plus haut afin d'installer des systèmes de traçage basés sur le Wi-Fi. Nous listons certaines de ces installations et examinons plusieurs aspects de ces systèmes : leur régulation, les implications en terme de vie privée, les questions de consentement et leur acceptation par le public. La seconde étude concerne la progression du changement aléatoire d'adresse MAC dans la population des appareils. Finalement, nous présentons deux outils : le premier est un système de traçage expérimental développé pour effectuer des tests et sensibiliser le public aux problèmes de vie privée liés à de tels systèmes. Le second estime l'unicité d'un appareil en se basant sur le contenu des signaux qu'il émet, même si leur identifiant est modifié. / The recent spread of everyday-carried Wi-Fi-enabled devices (smartphones, tablets and wearable devices) comes with a privacy threat to their owner, and to society as a whole. These devices continuously emit signals which can be captured by a passive attacker using cheap hardware and basic knowledge. These signals contain a unique identifier, called the MAC address. To mitigate the threat, device vendors are currently deploying a countermeasure on new devices: MAC address randomization. Unfortunately, we show that this mitigation, in its current state, is insufficient to prevent tracking. To do so, we introduce several attacks, based on the content and the timing of emitted signals. In complement, we study implementations of MAC address randomization in some recent devices, and find a number of shortcomings limiting the efficiency of these implementations at preventing device tracking. At the same time, we perform two real-world studies. The first one considers the development of actors exploiting this issue to install Wi-Fi tracking systems. We list some real-world installations and discuss their various aspects, including regulation, privacy implications, consent and public acceptance. The second one deals with the spread of MAC address randomization in the devices population. Finally, we present two tools: an experimental Wi-Fi tracking system for testing and public awareness raising purpose, and a tool estimating the uniqueness of a device based on the content of its emitted signals even if the identifier is randomized.

The IoT refers to the idea of internetworking physical devices, vehicles, buildings, and any other item embedded with the appropriate electronics, software, sensors, actuators, and network connectivity to allows them to interchange data and to provide highly effective new services. In this thesis we focus on the communications issues of the IoT in relation to mobility and we provide different solutions to alleviate the impact of these potential problems and to guarantee the information delivery in mobile scenarios. Our reference context is a Smart City where various mobile devices collaboratively participate, periodically sending information from their sensors. We assume that these services are located in platforms based in cloud infrastructures where the information is protected through the use of virtualisation ensuring their security and privacy. This thesis is structured into seven chapters. We first detail our objectives and identify the current problems we intend to address. Next, we provide a thorough review of the state of the art of all the areas involved in our work, highlighting how we improved the existing solutions with our research. The overall approach of the solutions we propose in this thesis use prototypes that encompasses and integrates different technologies and standards in a small infrastructure, using real devices in real scenarios with two of the most commonly used networks around the world: WiFi and 802.15.4 to efficiently solve the problems we originally identified. We focussed on protocols based on a producer/consumer paradigm, namely AMQP and particularly MQTT. We observed the behaviour of these protocols using in lab experiments and in external environments, using a mesh wireless network as the backbone network. Various issues raised by mobility were taken into consideration, and thus, we repeated the tests with different messages sizes and different inter-message periodicity, in order to model different possible applications. We also present a model for dimensioning the number of sources for mobile nodes and calculating the number of buffers required in the mobile node as a function of the number of sources and the size of the messages. We included a mechanism for avoiding data loss based on intermediate buffering adapted to the MQTT protocol that, in conjunction with the use of an alternative to the Network Manager in certain contexts, improves the connection establishment for wireless mobile clients. We also performed a detailed study of the jitter behaviour of a mobile node when transmitting messages with this proposal while moving through a real outdoor scenario. To emulate simple IoT networks we used the Cooja simulator to study and determine the effects on the probability of delivering messages when both publishers and subscribers were added to different scenarios. Finally we present an approach that combines the MQTT protocol with DTN which we specifically designed for constrained environments and guarantees that important information will never be lost. The advantage of our proposed solutions is that they make an IoT system more resilient to changes in the point of attachment of the mobile devices in an IoT network without requiring IoT application & service developers to explicitly consider this issue. Moreover, our solutions do not require additional support from the network through protocols such as MobileIP or LISP. We close the thesis by providing some conclusions, and identifying future lines of work which we unable to address here. / Internet de las cosas (IoT) se refiere a la idea de interconectar sensores, actuadores, dispositivos físicos, vehículos, edificios y cualquier elemento dotado de la electrónica, así como del software y de la conectividad de red que los hace capaces de intercambiar datos para proporcionar servicios altamente efectivos. En esta tesis nos centramos en temas relacionados con la comunicación de sistemas IoT, específicamente en situaciones de movilidad y en los problemas que esto conlleva. Con este fin ofrecemos diferentes soluciones que alivian su impacto y garantizan la entrega de información en estas situaciones. El contexto de referencia es una ciudad inteligente donde varios dispositivos móviles participan de forma colaborativa enviando periódicamente información desde sus sensores hacia servicios ubicados en plataformas en la nube (cloud computing) donde mediante el uso de virtualización, la información está protegida garantizando su seguridad y privacidad. Las soluciones propuestas en esta tesis se enfocan en probar sobre una pequeña infraestructura un prototipo que abarca e integra diferentes tecnologías y estándares para resolver eficientemente los problemas previamente identificados. Hemos enfocado nuestro esfuerzo en el uso de dispositivos sobre escenarios reales con dos de las redes más extendidas en todo el mundo: WiFi y enlaces 802.15.4. Nos enfocamos en protocolos que ofrecen el paradigma productor/consumidor como el protocolo avanzado de colas de mensajes (AMQP) y particularmente el protocolo de transporte de mensajes telemétricos (MQTT), observamos su comportamiento a través de experimentos en laboratorio y en pruebas al aire libre, repitiendo las pruebas con diferentes tamaños de mensajes y diferente periodicidad entre mensajes. Para modelar las diferentes posibles aplicaciones de la propuesta, se tomaron en consideración varias cuestiones planteadas por la movilidad, resultando en un modelo para dimensionar eficientemente el número de fuentes para un nodo móvil y para calcular el tamaño requerido del buffer, en función del número de fuentes y del tamaño de los mensajes. Proponemos un mecanismo adaptado al protocolo MQTT que evita la pérdida de datos en clientes móviles, basado en un buffer intermedio entre la producción y publicación de mensajes que, en conjunto con el uso de una alternativa al gestor de conexiones inalámbricas "Network Manager", en ciertos contextos mejora el establecimiento de las conexiones. Para la evaluación de esta propuesta se presenta un estudio detallado de un nodo móvil que se mueve en un escenario real al aire libre, donde estudiamos el comportamiento del jitter y la transmisión de mensajes. Además, hemos utilizado emuladores de redes IoT para estudiar y determinar los efectos sobre la probabilidad de entrega de mensajes, cuando se agregan tanto publicadores como suscriptores a diferentes escenarios. Finalmente, se presenta una solución totalmente orientada a entornos con dispositivos de recursos limitados que combina los protocolos MQTT con redes tolerantes a retardos (DTN) para garantizar la entrega de información. La ventaja de las soluciones que proponemos reside en el hecho de que los sistemas IoT se vuelven resilientes a la movilidad y a los cambios de punto de acceso, permitiendo así que los desarrolladores creen fácilmente aplicaciones y servicios IoT evitando considerar estos problema. Otra ventaja de nuestras soluciones es que no necesitan soporte adicional de la red como sucede con protocolos como MobileIP o el protocolo que separa el identificador del localizador (LISP). Se destaca cómo hemos mejorado las soluciones existentes hasta el momento de la escritura de esta disertación, y se identifican futuras líneas de actuación que no han sido contempladas. / Internet de les coses (IoT) es refereix a la idea d'interconnectar sensors, actuadors, dispositius físics, vehicles, edificis i qualsevol element dotat de l'electrònica, així com del programari i de la connectivitat de xarxa que els fa capaces d'intercanviar dades per proporcionar serveis altament efectius. En aquesta tesi ens centrem en temes relacionats amb la comunicació de sistemes IoT, específicament en situacions de mobilitat i en els problemes que això comporta. A aquest efecte oferim diferents solucions que alleugeren el seu impacte i garanteixen el lliurament d'informació en aquestes situacions. El context de referència és una ciutat intel·ligent on diversos dispositius mòbils participen de forma col·laborativa enviant periòdicament informació des dels seus sensors cap a serveis situats en plataformes en el núvol (cloud computing) on mitjançant l'ús de virtualització, la informació està protegida garantint la seva seguretat i privadesa. Les solucions proposades en aquesta tesi s'enfoquen a provar sobre una xicoteta infraestructura un prototip que abasta i integra diferents tecnologies i estàndards per a resoldre eficientment els problemes prèviament identificats. Hem enfocat el nostre esforç en l'ús de dispositius sobre escenaris reals amb dos de les xarxes més esteses a tot el món: WiFi i enllaços 802.15.4. Ens enfoquem en protocols que ofereixen el paradigma productor/consumidor com el protocol avançat de cues de missatges (AMQP) i particularment el protocol de transport de missatges telemètrics (MQTT), observem el seu comportament a través d'experiments en laboratori i en proves a l'aire lliure, repetint les proves amb diferents grandàries de missatges i diferent periodicitat entre missatges. Per a modelar les diferents possibles aplicacions de la proposta, es van prendre en consideració diverses qüestions plantejades per la mobilitat, resultant en un model per a dimensionar eficientment el nombre de fonts per a un node mòbil i per a calcular la grandària requerida del buffer, en funció del nombre de fonts i de la grandària dels missatges. Proposem un mecanisme adaptat al protocol MQTT que evita la pèrdua de dades per a clients mòbils, basat en un buffer intermedi entre la producció i publicació de missatges que en conjunt amb l'ús d'una alternativa al gestor de connexions sense fils "Network Manager'', en certs contextos millora l'establiment de les connexions. Per a l'avaluació d'aquesta proposta es presenta un estudi detallat d'un node mòbil que es mou en un escenari real a l'aire lliure, on estudiem el comportament del jitter i la transmissió de missatges. A més, hem utilitzat emuladors de xarxes IoT per a estudiar i determinar els efectes sobre la probabilitat de lliurament de missatges, quan s'agreguen tant publicadors com subscriptors a diferents escenaris. Finalment, es presenta una solució totalment orientada a entorns amb dispositius de recursos limitats que combina els protocols MQTT amb xarxes tolerants a retards (DTN) per a garantir el lliurament d'informació. L'avantatge de les solucions que proposem resideix en el fet que els sistemes IoT es tornen resilients a la mobilitat i als canvis de punt d'accés, permetent així que els desenvolupadors creuen fàcilment aplicacions i serveis IoT evitant considerar aquests problema. Un altre avantatge de les nostres solucions és que no necessiten suport addicional de la xarxa com succeeix amb protocols com MobileIP o el protocol que separa l'identificador del localitzador (LISP). Es destaca com hem millorat les solucions existents fins al moment de l'escriptura d'aquesta dissertació, i s'identifican futures línies d'actuació que no han sigut contemplades. / Luzuriaga Quichimbo, JE. (2017). Managing Mobility for Distributed Smart Cities Services [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/84744 / TESIS

The goal of this thesis is to create an application, which will be primarily used as three-axis parametrizable musical instrument, respectively a modifi ed MIDI controller, suitable for Android devices. Firstly, several products, which are available on the market, are reviewed and the reader is introduced to the problematics of audio synthesis, available technologies and typical Android device potential. The next chapter is dedicated to application design. Few designs are mentioned with focus on the chosen design concept. A part of this chapter is also a speci cation of the original concept, its implementation and advantages/disadvantages. The next part is dedicated to implementation and optiomalization of some of the critical points. Also the tests are evaluated including a survey about application usability. At the end, the whole work is concluded and the further development is outlined.

In the opening part of this thesis, the reader is briefly introduced into safety technique devices. There are basic types of security sensors discussed together with the most common methods of their connection with the security central. Further text focuses on elaborating the main topic of this thesis - the design of home security central equipped with a WiFi interface.

Aim of this thesis is to search the market for suitable autonomous robot to be used by smart house. The research in this work is partly done on the range of abilities of smart houses in matter of sensor systems, ability of data processing and their use by mobile robots. The output of this thesis is robotics application written using Microsoft Robotics Developer Studio (C#) and simulated using Visual Simulation Environment. Main feature of this robotic application is the interface between robot and smart house, and robot and user. This interface enables employer to directly control robot's movement or to use automated pathfinding. The robot is able to navigate in dynamic environment and to register, interact and eventually forget temporary obstacles.

Aim of this thesis is to search the market for suitable autonomous robot to be used by smart house. The research in this work is partly done on the range of abilities of smart houses in matter of sensor systems, ability of data processing and their use by mobile robots. The output of this thesis is robotics application written using Microsoft Robotics Developer Studio (C#) and simulated using Visual Simulation Environment. Main feature of this robotic application is the interface between robot and smart house, and robot and user. This interface enables employer to directly control robot's movement or to use automated pathfinding. The robot is able to navigate in dynamic environment and to register, interact and eventually forget temporary obstacles.