Uppsatsen tar ett avstamp i studier av den svenska skolmarknaden. Med företagen som ideal förmås skolorna att med uppgifterna som producenter konkurrera om elever som tar rollen som kunder. Marknadsföringen och synligheten i media blir en förutsättning för överlevnad på denna marknad. Skolmarknaden med dess fria skolval blir problematisk när den ökar segregationen. Problemet blir omfattande i följden vinnarskolor och förlorarskolor. Denna studie syftar till att undersöka marknadsföringsbroschyrer och medierepresentationen av fyra skolor i Stockholm, varav två är vinnarskolor och två är förlorarskolor. Teorin om New Public Management används i förståelsen för fenomenet skolmarknad och dess konsekvenser. Genom en innehållsanalys med ett intersektionellt perspektiv av skolornas broschyrer och representationen i media, kunna kartlägga maktasymmetrier. I synnerlighet används Bourdieus kapitaldefinitioner och postkolonial teori för förståelsen av hur segregation uppstått och kvarlever. Detta för att påvisa om etnisk- och socioekonomisk segregation synliggörs i marknadsföringen samt om denna kan bidra till en reproduktion av segregation. En analys av sekundärt insamlad statistik används i definieringen av dem olika skolorna. Resultatet visar på en förekomst av etnisk- och socioekonomisk segregation i skolornas marknadsföring och medierepresentation. Empirin av den kvalitativa undersökningen redovisar ett påtagligt samband mellan etnicitet/socioekonomi och studieresultat. Slutsatsen blir att marknadsföringen och medierepresentation påverkar reproduktionen av segregation men de sociala strukturerna är det som upprätthåller fenomenet.

This study identified the common characteristics of the adviser, the journalism program, and the newspaper of the high schools consistently winning awards. The purposes of this study were to identify the award-winning newspapers, to examine and describe the characteristics and elements (those rated by ILPC) of the newspapers, the attitudes and opinions of the principals, the qualifications, the attitudes, and the opinions of the advisers. Based on the results, there was no pattern that indicates a given high school newspaper will receive awards.

Post-exercise carbohydrate-protein consumption and tapering periods during training periodisation have been proposed as effective recovery strategies in several sports; however, limited attention has been given to judo. Apart from training and recovery, effective competition performance can also be influenced by several stimuli on the competition day, which may be manifested as distinct endocrine responses. The main objective of this thesis was to influence effective competition performance in judo, through examining strategies that can aid recovery from intense exercise/training and examining endocrine responses to competition. Three experimental studies on recovery were completed (chapters 3-5) followed by an observational study on a judo competition day (chapter 6) in elite, national level, male judo athletes. Studies 1 and 2 examined the effects 1000 ml of post-exercise chocolate milk (CM) consumption compared with water (W) following an intense judo training session (chapter 3) and five days of intense judo training with concomitant weight loss (chapter 4) on the recovery of salivary cortisol (sC), salivary testosterone (sT), salivary testosterone:cortisol (sT/C) ratio, salivary secretory IgA (SIgA) absolute concentrations and secretion rate, muscle soreness, mood state and judo-related performance. Study 1 (n=10) did not show any beneficial effects of acute CM consumption on aspects of recovery of any of the measured variables, except for a lower perception of soreness (p<0.05) and a tendency for better push-up performance (p=0.09). Study 2 (n=12) showed that post-exercise CM consumption resulted in significantly lower sC levels, a tendency for higher sT/C ratio (p=0.07), better judo-related performance, lower muscle soreness and reduced mood disturbance (p<0.05) with W. In addition, post-exercise consumption of CM resulted in a 1.1% decrease in body weight, indicating that CM is an effective recovery beverage during periods of intense judo training without affecting intentional weight loss. Study 3 (n=11) examined the effects of a 2-week exponential taper following 2 weeks of intense judo training on recovery of the aforementioned variables. Within 12 days of tapering there were evidence of enhanced performance, lower sC, higher sT and higher sT/C ratio, higher SIgA secretion rate, lower muscle soreness and reduced mood disturbance, indicating that a tapering period of ~10 days is an effective recovery strategy for optimising judo performance. Study 4 observed the responses of sC, sT, SIgA absolute concentrations and SIgA secretion rate and self-measured anxiety state in the winners (n=12) and losers (n=11) of a judo competition. Winners presented significantly higher morning sC levels and higher cognitive anxiety in anticipation of the competition, as well as a tendency for higher SIgA secretion rate (p=0.07) and significantly higher saliva flow rate mid-competition. These findings indicate that winners experienced higher arousal levels and that anticipatory sC might have some predictive value for winning performance in judo. This thesis concludes that nutrition and tapering are both important aspects of effective recovery; CM can be an effective nutritional recovery aid during periods of intense judo training and tapering for 7-12 days can optimise judo performance and can be implemented prior to competitions. In addition, elevated sC levels in anticipation of a judo competition and higher levels of arousal could have some predictive value for winning performance in judo. Further research could focus on strategies to increase levels of arousal in anticipation of competition.

The study investigated the nature of the portrayal of aged characters in children's novels which won Children's Book Council of Australia's awards in the period from 1946 to 1985. By means of content analysis, the demographic, personal and behavioural characteristics of aged characters were identified on a thirty-four item checklist. From these characteristics a portrayal score was derived to represent the extent of variation in the depiction of aged characters in the novels examined. Analysis of variance tests indicated that the level of variation in portrayal scores was significantly related to the position of importance of aged characters in novels. The portrayal of aged characters did not vary according either to the approach to story adopted in Australian award-winning novels, or to the period in which the award was granted. It seems that although aged characters taken as a whole in the novels studied display the variety of characteristics attributed to aged people in the literature of gerontology, individually many of these aged characters are depicted in a somewhat limited way. There is evidence to suggest that aged characters in Australian award-winning children's novels do not adequately reflect the demographic characteristics of aged people in the Australian population. In terms of range of social settings in which they are depicted is restricted. So too, is the range of behaviours in which they engage. This rather limited depiction of aged characters means that readers of Australian award-winning children's novels are presented with a restricted and unrealistic view of the aged and of the condition of being aged. If children's novels serve as one of the socialisation agents for young people, then the limited portrayal of aged characters presented in those novels may be a cause for concern, especially as there are few indications that the depiction of aged characters generally in more recent award-winning novels has become more varied and realistic.

The purpose of this study was to examine parents' achievement goal orientations, attitudes about winning, and game behaviors between a youth basketball league that kept score and a youth basketball league that did not keep score. Specifically, this study sought to answer four research hypotheses. First, this study hypothesized that parental achievement goal orientation would have a significant positive relationship with type of league. Second, parents' attitudes about winning would have a positive significant relationship with type of league. Third, a significant difference would emerge between attitudes about winning and achievement goal orientations in each league. Finally, it was hypothesized that the scoring league would demonstrate significantly more negative parental behaviors than parents in the non-scoring league.A sample of 69 parents/guardians in the non-scoring league, and 42 parents/guardians in the scoring league, participated in this study. Parents' behavior was observed and recorded over four games in each league. During the final games in each league, parents were given a series of questionnaires assessing descriptive information, achievement goals, and attitudes about winning.Results using Pearson Correlations (p<.05) suggested there was no relationship between parent's achievement goals and league type, but a significant relationship did exist between parents' attitudes about winning and league type. These results indicate that although both leagues were primarily task oriented, the scoring league parents valued the concept of winning more than the non-scoring league. Additionally, a 2 x 2 x 2 Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) revealed a significant main effect (F=7.836, p<.0001) between parents' attitudes about winning, achievement goals, and league, confirming a difference in parental responses between each league. Because the behaviors observed in both leagues was overwhelmingly positive, parental behavior in this study did not differ according to positive or negative behaviors. Parents in both leagues demonstrated overwhelmingly positive behaviors throughout the recording process. The non-scoring league, however, displayed significantly more positive nonverbal behaviors than the scoring league. From these results, it would appear that keeping score does matter in terms of its relationship to parents' values and behaviors. / School of Physical Education

Studien har utgångspunkt i den föreslagna upplösningen av det svenska spelmonopolet. Lagregleringen föreslås träda i kraft i början av 2019 för att tillåta privata spelaktörer att både agera och marknadsföra sig på den svenska spelmarknaden på lika villkor som de statligt ägda spelbolagen idag har. Genom att ge de privata aktörerna tillträde på den svenska marknaden menar svenska myndigheterna att man genom licenser kan kontrollera att samtliga aktörer agerar måttfullt med sin marknadsföring. Spelberoende är klassats som ett folkhälsoproblem och belastar därmed samhället både ekonomiskt och ur en hälsosynpunkt. Utifrån ett konsumtionskulturellt perspektiv beskriver och bidrar studien med en djupare förståelse för representationers innebörd i spelbolags reklamfilmer samt vad spel har för betydelse utifrån dessa. En kvalitativ innehållsanalys på 12 reklamfilmer har genomförts. Det empiriska materialet har sedan analyserats och tolkats med hjälp av konsumtionskulturella teorier. Studien visar på att budskapen som reklamfilmerna kommunicerar skiljer sig åt beroende på vilken spelform som marknadsförs. Reklamfilmer för lotterispel är missvisande då de bland annat endast skildrar vinnare. De säljer drömmen om en ny identitet och självförverkligande samt att det kan uppnås genom spelande. En vinst anses möjliggöra mer konsumtion vilket tillskriver individen en högre social status i ett konsumtionssamhälle. Kasinospel och betting säljs och marknadsförs som en upplevelsebaserad produkt med spelande som aktivitet i fokus. Vidare påvisar studien att reklamfilmernas representationer av manliga attribut befäster och förstärker stereotypa föreställningar om manlighet och spelande som en manlig aktivitet. Studien påvisar problematik med de kriterier i lagförändringen som spelbolagen förväntas förhålla sig till. Kriterierna ämnar kontrollera att marknadsföringen präglas av måttfullhet. De är dock vagt formulerade och lämnar tolkningsutrymme för både konsumenter och rättssystemet. Tolkningarna av de kommunicerade budskapen skapar konnotationer hos mottagaren som blir svåra att kontrollera. Spellicensutredningens föreslagna kriterier för att upprätthålla måttfullhet i spelbolags marknadsföring är baserade på okunskap och förenklade föreställningar om hur reklam egentligen fungerar. / The study is based on the proposed dissolution of the Swedish gambling monopoly. The regulation is suggested to take effect in early 2019 in order to allow private actors to both act and promote themselves on the Swedish gambling market on equal terms as the state-owned gambling companies. The purpose of granting private gambling companies access to the Swedish market is, according to the Swedish authorities, to by a gambling license system make sure that all actors promote their business moderately. Gambling is classified as an addictive disease, and thereby burdens society both economically and from a health point of view. With a consumer-cultural approach, the study describes and contributes to a deeper understanding for the meanings’ of the representations in gambling companies’ commercials and what meaning gambling has from a cultural point of view. A qualitative content analysis of 12 commercials from gambling companies has been made. Theories in consumer-culture have been applied to analyze the empirical data. The study finds evidence that the messages communicated by the commercials differ depending on the type of gambling being marketed. Commercials promoting lotteries are misleading as they only portray winners. They sell the dream of a new identity and self-realization which can be achieved through gambling. Winning on a lottery is considered to enable more consumption which gives the individual a higher social status in a consumer society. Casino gambling and betting is promoted as an experience-based product with focus on the gambling as an activity. Furthermore, the study demonstrates that the commercials’ representations of male attributes consolidate and amplify stereotypes of masculinity and gambling as a male activity. The study shows problems with the criteria in the regulation that the gambling companies are expected to abide by. The purpose of the criteria is to ensure that marketing is characterized by moderation. However, they are vaguely formulated and leave interpretation for both consumers and the judiciary. The recipient creates connotations of the interpretations of the communicated messages that become difficult to control. The proposed criteria for maintaining moderation in gambling companies’ marketing are based on ignorance and simplified notions about how advertising really works. The study is written in Swedish.

Reforms in teacher evaluation are enacted to increase student achievement. Although there is research on teacher evaluation and teacher quality, there is little that addresses effective teaching as conceptualized in Danielson's Framework for Teaching, a commonly used evaluation tool. The purpose of this quantitative study was to determine which of the 4 domains and 76 elements of Danielson's framework are viewed by award-winning teachers as having the greatest impact on effective teaching and learning. Constructivism formed the theoretical basis for this study. The research questions examined to what extent state and national teachers of the year perceive differences in the importance to effective teaching and learning across each of Danielson's 4 domains and across the elements within those domains. A quantitative single-factor within-subject design was utilized. Framework for Teaching Survey importance ratings obtained from state teachers of the year for the past 6 years (N = 350) were compared using repeated measure one-way analysis of variances). Significant F values were followed by the Fisher Least Significant Difference Test to determine the domains or elements that significantly differ from one another. Significant differences in the importance ratings were obtained across each of the 4 domains. The instruction domain was rated most important followed by classroom environment, planning and preparation, and professional responsibilities. Findings may facilitate positive social change by enabling schools, districts, and states to more accurately evaluate teachers and devote limited professional development resources to domains and elements with the greatest potential for improving teacher quality.

The purpose of this study was to examine the direct and indirect effects of selected factors on school grades in public high schools in the state of Florida. A sample of 316 public high schools was created using data obtained from the Florida Education and the Florida High School Athletic Association. The selected factors that were chosen to be measured in the study were: minority percentage as measured by the proportion of minority students in relation to the total student body at a given school, socio economic status percentage (SES) as measured by the proportion of students participating in the free and reduced lunch program in relation to the total student body at a given school, academic achievement of 10th grade reading mean scale scores and 10th grade mathematics mean scale scores as measured by the Florida Comprehensive Assessment Test (FCAT), and football winning percentage as measured by reported scores to the Florida High School Athletic Association. The direct and indirect effects of minority percentage, socio economic status percentage, and football winning percentage were tested using a path model in calculating linear regressions to analyze the effects on school grades; while only the direct effects of academic achievement were tested for the effects on school grades. The path model assessed the desired path of the selected factors in the study (See Figure 1); however, all paths were tested in the fully recursive model as illustrated (See Figure 2) for both the 2004-2005 and the 2005-2006 school years in the sample. Selected factors that demonstrated strength of effects were examined for predictability on school grades. Selected factors that indicated indirect effects were analyzed for indication of any discriminating patterns. For the 2004-2005 and 2005-2006 school years, there was not a statistically significant direct effect for minority percentage and socio economic status percentage on winning percentage; FCAT reading mean scale score and FCAT mathematics mean scale score on winning percentage; winning percentage and FCAT reading mean scale score on school grades; winning percentage and FCAT mathematics mean scale score on school grades; minority percentage, socio economic status percentage, and winning percentage on FCAT reading mean scale score; minority percentage, socio economic status percentage, and winning percentage on FCAT mathematics mean scale score; or minority percentage, socio economic status percentage, and winning percentage on school grades. Two important effects were determined in the linear regression analysis. First, socio economic status percentage was not directly significant on school grades; however, it had a significant direct effect on the FCAT scores schools received on the Florida Comprehensive Assessment Test. Second, the FCAT reading and mathematics mean scale scores had direct significant effects on school grades in both the 2004-2005 and 2005-2006 school years. Recommendations were made for potential changes to the study to include school size, graduation rates, and student violence that could influence school grades. Future considerations should be given to inclusions based on the Florida Writes requirement, 10th grade science mean scale scores, and other subject content not currently part of the state mandate for graduation. In addition, a study could be conducted that included changes to the path model to reflect minority percentage more accurately in the effects toward the designation of school grades. Finally, a study could be conducted that included participation in sports to account for any ancillary variables that may contribute to the effects of the designation of school grades.

Esta dissertação traz uma abordagem crítica e objetiva da viabilidade da implantação, por meio da edição de um Decreto Estadual regulamentador, do Programa de Proteção a Vítimas e Testemunhas ameaçadas no Estado do Tocantins (PROVITA-TO), tendo em vista a confecção da Lei Estadual nº 1.379/2003, bem como a Lei Federal nº 9.807/1999, sendo que esta última que designou regras para a organização e a manutenção de programas especiais de proteção a vítimas e testemunhas ameaçadas, criou o Programa Federal de Assistência a Vítimas e Testemunhas Ameaçadas e dispôs sobre a proteção de acusados ou condenados que tenham, voluntariamente, prestado uma efetiva colaboração à investigação policial e ao processo criminal. As leis em estudo nasceram para satisfazer uma antiga pendência social, qual seja, o de efetivar uma possível garantia de proteção do Estado às vítimas e testemunhas que, de alguma forma, venham a fornecer dados fundamentais para a solução de crimes graves e, consequentemente, à penalização de seus autores. Mais ainda, oportunizou ao Estado que este pudesse transacionar com os réus colaboradores (em determinados casos), tendo sempre em mente a desarticulação ou o desmantelamento de facções criminosas, o resgate de eventuais quantias monetárias roubadas e, principalmente, a conservação da integridade física e psíquica, bem como a vida das vítimas. Deste modo, reforçou-se o enfrentamento às facções criminosas, sobretudo pelos dispositivos estipulados para a defesa e proteção das testemunhas e vítimas, cuja implementação no território brasileiro, em especial no Estado do Tocantins, depende, exclusivamente, da boa vontade do Poder Executivo Estadual, que ainda não baixou o Decreto que regulamentará esta importante política pública de direitos humanos e segurança pública. O presente tema é perturbador e importante, especialmente pelo crescimento dos índices de violência em nosso país, com o nascimento de intrincadas facções criminosas nacionais e transnacionais (muitas com ramificações nas diversas esferas de poder), bem como pela deficiência das políticas públicas como um todo, cuja paralisia transpassa os limites do aceitável e alcança um temeroso quadro de insegurança pública. / Establish a critical and objective review of the feasibility of the implementation, through the publication of a State Regulatory Decree, of the Program for the Protection of Victims and Witnesses of Airplanes in the State of Tocantins (PROVITA-TO), with a view to the preparation of State Law No. 1,379 / 2003, as well as Federal Law No. 9,807 / 1999, which establishes rules for the organization and maintenance of special protection programs for victims and witnesses of threats, created the Federal Assistance Program for Victims and Witnesses Endangered and on the protection of accused or convicted persons who have voluntarily provided effective collaboration in police investigation and criminal prosecution. As laws under study were born to satisfy an old social pendency, quality, operational effectiveness of protection of the State to the victims and witnesses that, in some way, come to data fundamental for the solution of serious crimes and, consequently, the penalization of its authors. At all times, we offer the State that it could transact with the collaborating defendants (in certain cases), always having in mind a dismantling or the dismantling of criminal factions, the rescue of eventual monetary amounts stolen and, mainly, a conservation of the integrity physical and psychic, as well as a life of the victims. In this way, the confrontation with the criminal factions was strengthened, above all by the provisions stipulated for a defense and protection of witnesses and victims, whose implementation is not Brazilian territory, especially in the State of Tocantins, depends exclusively on the goodwill of the Executive Branch State, which has not yet lowered the Decree regulating this important public policy on human rights and public safety. The present has an important problem, especially the control of rates of violence in our country, with the birth of intricate criminal and transnational factions, as well as the deficiency of public policies as a whole paralysis transcends the limits of the acceptable and reaches a fearful framework of public insecurity.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:24:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Manoela Andrade Cacho.pdf: 1109408 bytes, checksum: 2ea665fdfef64837512926cb46af36cd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-18 / The procedure of the award-winning collaboration was regulated by the new Criminal Organization law (Lei n. 12.850/2013), from when has been considerably debated among society and been absorbed by our legal culture. Therefore, it is necessary to correct some controversial topics of the law to avoid the disrespect of the fundamental rights of the defendant in criminal proceedings. The rules of award-winning collaboration has to respect the constitucional principles of the criminal proceedings and the principles in the criminal procedure code. The most important one is the principle of mandatory prosecution, which concerns to the Public Ministry work, and have not been observed by the Law n. 12.850/2013, what has been criticized by some authors. They present many diferente solutions for the problem, wich will be analyzed to find the best way to avoid the disrespect of the law and the Constitution. Therebay, the goal is to prioritize the solutions that honors the Democratic Rule of Law and the Dignity of the Human Person, wich are those ones that respect the limits of the judge, of the district attorney, of the police chief and of the lawyer, as well as the rights of the defendant in criminal proceedings, even the one who makes the deal of award-winning collaboration or the one who is charged based on this deal / A colaboração premiada teve o seu procedimento regulamentado pela nova Lei de Organização Criminosa (Lei n. 12.850/2013) e, desde então, tem sido amplamente debatida no mundo jurídico e fora dele, sendo cada vez mais absorvida pela nossa cultura jurídica. Por isso, faz-se necessária a pacificação dos pontos controversos da referida lei, a fim de evitar a sua realização de forma irregular e o desrespeito aos direitos e às garantias fundamentais dos acusados na persecução penal. É imperioso, portanto, que o estudo das regras relativas à colaboração premiada seja realizado em conformidade com os princípios constitucionais de processo penal, bem como com aqueles constantes do código de processo penal. Nessa ordem de ideias, destaca-se o Princípio da Ação Penal Pública da Obrigatoriedade, o qual orienta a atuação do Ministério Público e foi inobservado em algumas disposições da Lei n. 12.850/2013 que geraram críticas por parte de alguns autores. Estes apresentam diferentes caminhos para a melhor adequação aos princípios do processo penal brasileiro, os quais serão analisados com a finalidade de se construir a melhor leitura e evitar inconstitucionalidades e ilegalidades. Pretende-se, assim, priorizar as constatações e soluções que melhor se coadunem com as normas principiológicas postas que prestigiem os fins do Estado Democrático de Direito e da proteção da dignidade da pessoa humana, que entendemos ser aquelas que respeitam tanto os limites de atuação do juiz, do órgão acusatório, do delegado de polícia e do defensor quanto os direitos do acusado no processo penal brasileiro, seja o colaborador ou aqueles apontados por ele