This research report analyses Uganda’s legal requirements on local content, particularly its impact on the rights of women to participate and obtain benefit from extractive industry activities. Regard is had to the fact that much of Africa’s non-renewable natural resources have not been applied to the benefit of its peoples. Resultantly, governments have developed legislation and other requirements to among others, attract foreign direct investment without unnecessarily disadvantaging the nationals. The discussion considers the situation in other common law countries – specifically Tanzania and South Africa – as well as the implications of obligations imposed on member countries by international treaties, agreements and frameworks. The research is anchored on the need to improve on the livelihood of women in extractive industries and thereby examines the implications of the law on their rights. The study then delves into a critical review of the effectiveness of the local content legal framework in Uganda and also draws lessons from Tanzania and South Africa for purposes of comparison. The study narrows the discussion to the problem of law and policy making which end up excluding and disadvantaging women. Recommendations made are intended to contribute to the body of knowledge in the extractives sector generally and on the local content stipulations and their impact on the rights of women specifically. Recommendations include; embracing gender inclusiveness and taking into account women’s views in policy and law making, balancing political rhetoric and agenda with the need to secure women’s participation, as well as setting specific quotas to be complied with by extractives companies are paramount. Further, encouragement of women to participate in extractive industry activities, development of more cohesive and gender inclusive policies as well as adoption of a strategy approach in extractive industry policy making. Also, eradication of archaic practices which exclude women from participating in and taking direct benefits in extractives activities. Much as the local content requirements in Uganda are designed to engender equality and equity, more still needs to be done to enhance women’s rights in the extractive industry. / Mini Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2019. / Public Law / LLM / Unrestricted

The Murder of Mahsa Amini Under the custody of moral Police caused a wave of protests against the mandatory hijab in Iran. The protests started with women's demands in the street and cyberspace under the feminist hashtag#Womanlifefreedom. The issue of the veil and women's control over their bodies has always been a subject of political controversy in the history of Iran. By re-veiling women and intensifying Islamic values, the Islamic regime has made the veil a symbol and the veiled woman image of an Islamic country, the legitimacy of the Islamic Republic. This study is a discourse analysis of the feminist hashtag in a none democratic context. With empirical research, this study sheds light on users who use a feminist hashtag to strengthen or disrupt a feminist movement in Iran. This study, regarding"the Politics of the Veil," argues that users on Twitter challenge the politics of the veil in Iran by blurring boundaries between public and private spheres under #Womanlifefreedom. Also, through "The Cultural Politics of the Emotions," this study conceptualized by Sara Ahmed argues that politicized emotions limit the construction of internal solidarity under#Womanlifefreedom in Iran. / -

Thesis (M.A.)--Florida State University, 2005. / Advisor: Dr. Dennis Moore, Florida State University, College of Arts and Sciences, Program in American and Florida Studies. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed June 17, 2005). Document formatted into pages; contains iv, 51 pages. Includes bibliographical references.

The overall objective of this study is to promote the human rights to health of Nigerian women to have access essential medicines, to enhance their human capabilities for human development. This thesis argues for an improvement of women’s access to medicines within the context of patent law and rights in the international IP regime of the Trade Related Aspect of Intellectual Property (TRIPS) Agreement and Nigeria’s national patent system. Towards this goal, the thesis makes the point that patent law and its exclusive rights, both the TRIPS Agreement and national law of Nigeria, do not exist in a social welfare vacuum. The legal text of patent law, which confers rights on inventors when enforced, translates to many other things outside the sphere of property rights; indeed, it can be a matter of life and death. It is argued in this regard that patent right could, in effect, interfere with access to medicines and therefore, the right to health and prospects for human development. The thesis therefore argues that, in the construction, interpretation and enforcement of patent law in Nigeria, there is a need to take into consideration its impact on public health. It is against this backdrop that the research assesses the legal framework of pharmaceutical patents and the implications for women’s access to medicines, from a right to health and human development perspective. This interdisciplinary study is with a view to suggesting ways in which Nigeria’s patent system can be more human development and human rights friendly in the interest of public health, particularly, the use of the TRIPS flexibilities to enhance access to life-saving medicines in Nigeria. Since Nigeria as a member of the World Trade Organisation, is bound by its treaty obligation to adopt the provisions of the TRIPS Agreement, the thesis makes proposals for ways in which the Nigerian government and law-makers, can adapt the patent rules and the flexibilities to suit development objectives and promote public health within the benchmark allowed in TRIPS. In this respect, this thesis critically investigates the practical implications of the available flexibilities and options in the TRIPS Agreement that can be used to address the effects of patents on access to medicines. While this thesis concedes the view that the hindrances to accessibility of essential drugs in Nigeria are multi-faceted and demand a multi-dimensional approach for a lasting solution, it is specifically argued that the TRIPS flexibilities are significant means for addressing the challenges of affordable access to important health treatments within the context of patent law. However, it is emphasised that utilising the flexibilities will require that Nigeria’s patent system is strategically designed to take full advantage of the available safeguards and options. To this end, this study recommends ways to incorporate the flexibilities to enhance access to medicines in Nigeria while avoiding the technical and regulatory pitfalls that have trailed the enforcement of the flexibilities by other developing countries.

Orientador: Danilo Rothberg / Banca: Caroline Kraus Luvizotto / Banca: Mariângela Furlan Haswani / Resumo: O acesso à informação pública é reconhecido como direito fundamental capaz de desenvolver outros direitos e está regulamentado pela Lei de Acesso à Informação. A possibilidade de as mulheres conhecerem os seus direitos e fazerem escolhas baseadas em informações plurais e confiáveis, principalmente por meio das novas tecnologias, fortalece uma sociedade democrática. A comunicação pública digital, baseada na informação de qualidade, pode ampliar o espaço público e consolidar a democracia. Esta pesquisa verificou a potencial contribuição da comunicação pública digital para o atendimento do direito à informação, através da caracterização da qualidade da informação disponível em 22 portais web de nível municipal, estadual e federal, no ano de 2015, por meio da análise de conteúdo baseada em 11 categorias de avaliação. Segundo os resultados e conforme o contexto teórico-metodológico da pesquisa, a amostra analisada possui cerca de um quarto da informação considerada necessária para a caracterização abrangente de uma política pública. A pesquisa sugere, a partir dos dados coletados, a insuficiência da qualidade da informação sobre políticas públicas para as mulheres disponíveis nos portais web da amostra, o que indica a necessidade de aprimoramento da comunicação pública digital / Abstract: Acess to public information is recognized as a fundamental right be able to develop other rights and is regulated by the Access to Information Act. The possibility for women to know their rights and make choices based on plurals and reliable information, particularly through new technologies, strengthening a democratic society. The public communication is based upon a quality of information, which expands the public dimension and has the ability to strengthen the digital democracy. The following research project has demonstrated contribution towards public digital media as a result of attendance in the right to access information. This is achieved through the characterisation of information quality being available in 22 web portals on either municipal, state and federal levels. Within the year of 2015, the content was analysed based on 11 assessment categories in correspondence to results and the theoretical and methodological context of the research. The analysed sample is extimated to have a quarter of the information judged and classified as necessary to the comprehensive characterization of the public policy. The following research suggests that from the collected data found there is an insufficient quality of information in relation to the public policies for women found within the web portals of a sample. As a result of this it is necessary that there is improvement within the public digital media / Mestre

本文旨在探討一位十八世紀中後期的英國女作家瑪麗?吳爾史東克拉芙特(Mary Wollstonecraft, 1759-1797，以下簡稱為瑪麗)，她對當時英國社會各種有關兩性不平等的互動關係反應在政治、社會、教育、哲學各方面的所見所思，其系統性的論述，其與同時期女性思潮的交流互動，以及其兩性思想對當代人們的啟發性影響。 十八世紀的英國社會塑造出的女性行為標準，簡而言之，即為「端莊淑女」(the proper lady)，及由此一標準延伸出的各種行為規範，例如謙虛、忠貞、柔弱、順從、依賴。以往人們多從男性利益的角度來詮釋這些女性特質，而將之視為女性(應實踐)的美德；瑪麗卻從兩性平等對待、與人權的觀點切入，論證說明這些看似美好、實則帶有箝制性且不利於兩性的女性特質，正是阻礙女性開發理性、獲取知識、實踐美德的主因。而將這些人為的、不自然的女性特質加諸女性身上的父權體制與男性觀點，則是瑪麗所要質疑並挑戰的主要目標。 瑪麗借重男性思想家揭櫫的理性思想，重新詮釋「人權」理念，使理性的主體包含兩性，使行使權利的對象擴及為兩性。她從家庭中父權至上的權力運作，論述到政治社會中男性獨佔公民權利與權力的不平等機制，並進一步提出具體而建設性的實踐改革之道。她主張由教育著手，根本改變人們的心態、思維、觀點、行為；此種教育制度必須由政府公家辦理，以避免以往家庭教育、私立學校與住宿學校產生的弊病。她並以身作則，力圖打破舊有的女性形象，重塑一健全而有利於兩性的女性形象。她更從功利性的角度出發，以此說服兩性為達良善社會的理想，共同努力改進。她明確指出社會欲有所改善，則女性首須獲得權利，才可能成為一個理性的人 ，一個有能力盡義務、享權利的公民。 瑪麗的兩性思想建立於理性調節情感、情感推動理性的思想基礎上，以女性權利為改善兩性互動、改革社會的起點，以兩性互助互利為目標，以人人實踐美德、共臻良善社會為終點。其思想雖可大致包含於自由主義的女性主義思潮內，深入分析之，則其另具有烏托邦主義、及社會主義、激進主義的成份在內，可謂與其同時代女性思潮的先鋒，有其不可輕忽的貢獻。瑪麗的兩性思想對於兩個世紀後的當代人們，實仍具有許多啟發性與進一步詮釋與探究的價值。

Submitted by Bruna Silvestre Innocenti Giorgi null (bruna_sig@hotmail.com) on 2016-10-17T12:20:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 vesaofinal_DISSERTACAO Bruna Giorgi PDF.pdf: 3401276 bytes, checksum: 2ae625e6db8883cee7b661363ec4fcb8 (MD5) / Rejected by Juliano Benedito Ferreira (julianoferreira@reitoria.unesp.br), reason: olicitamos que realize uma nova submissão seguindo a orientação abaixo: O arquivo submetido não contém o certificado de aprovação e ficha catalográfica Corrija esta informação e realize uma nova submissão com o arquivo correto. Agradecemos a compreensão. on 2016-10-21T15:50:23Z (GMT) / Submitted by Bruna Silvestre Innocenti Giorgi null (bruna_sig@hotmail.com) on 2016-10-22T20:03:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 finalizado corrigida submetida_DISSERTACAO Bruna Giorgi PDF.pdf: 3750636 bytes, checksum: 555beed74eb1a15cdff9299d8265b42a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Juliano Benedito Ferreira (julianoferreira@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-10-26T16:33:21Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 giorgi_bsi_me_bauru.pdf: 3750636 bytes, checksum: 555beed74eb1a15cdff9299d8265b42a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-26T16:33:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 giorgi_bsi_me_bauru.pdf: 3750636 bytes, checksum: 555beed74eb1a15cdff9299d8265b42a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-25 / O acesso à informação pública é reconhecido como direito fundamental capaz de desenvolver outros direitos e está regulamentado pela Lei de Acesso à Informação. A possibilidade de as mulheres conhecerem os seus direitos e fazerem escolhas baseadas em informações plurais e confiáveis, principalmente por meio das novas tecnologias, fortalece uma sociedade democrática. A comunicação pública digital, baseada na informação de qualidade, pode ampliar o espaço público e consolidar a democracia. Esta pesquisa verificou a potencial contribuição da comunicação pública digital para o atendimento do direito à informação, através da caracterização da qualidade da informação disponível em 22 portais web de nível municipal, estadual e federal, no ano de 2015, por meio da análise de conteúdo baseada em 11 categorias de avaliação. Segundo os resultados e conforme o contexto teórico-metodológico da pesquisa, a amostra analisada possui cerca de um quarto da informação considerada necessária para a caracterização abrangente de uma política pública. A pesquisa sugere, a partir dos dados coletados, a insuficiência da qualidade da informação sobre políticas públicas para as mulheres disponíveis nos portais web da amostra, o que indica a necessidade de aprimoramento da comunicação pública digital. / Access to public information is recognized as a fundamental right be able to develop other rights and is regulated by the Access to Information Act. The possibility for women to know their rights and make choices based on plurals and reliable information, particularly through new technologies, strengthening a democratic society. The public communication is based upon a quality of information, which expands the public dimension and has the ability to s-trengthen the digital democracy. The following research project has demonstrated contribution towards public digital media as a result of attendance in the right to access information. This is achieved through the characterisation of information quality being available in 22 web portals on either municipal, state and federal levels. Within the year of 2015, the content was analysed based on 11 assessment categories in correspondence to results and the theoretical and methodological context of the research. The analysed sample is estimated to have a quar-ter of the information judged and classified as necessary to the comprehensive characterizati-on of the public policy. The following research suggests that from the collected data found there is an insufficient quality of information in relation to the public policies for women found within the web portals of a sample. As a result of this it is necessary that there is im-provement within the public digital media.

No description available.