No description available.

Sweden had in the early 1930's the lowest birth rate in the world. Population Commission which was established in 1935 concluded that one of the biggest social problems was the working women’s heavy workload. To deal with the low birth rate reforms and programs were founded both in order to help the women but also in order to support the inadequate motherhood. Government grants were set up to start the so-called vacation home for housewives where the government’s visions of the vacation homes were active rest and recreation.      Based on the Leisure Inquiry report regarding vacation homes for housewives - the purpose of this paper is to examine how the government visions regarding vacation homes for housewives were practiced and how the future of prevailing gender contract affected the holiday home. What activities and what form of education occurred on the vacation home Frykenstrand? Who visited the vacation home and how was Frykenstrand affected by egalitarianism and the state's growing need for labor?      Archive material from the Association of Värmland working women vacation homes have been used for the essay. According to the issues of this essay, the vacation home Frykenstrand is described through text analysis and quantitative method based on protocols, applications, guest books and correspondence. The state’s visions with the vacation homes are based upon the Leisure Inquiry report.      The survey shows that the state's visions regarding giving women rest and recovery were met. The intentions regarding education and training cannot be considered to be met on the vacation home Frykenstrand, nor was the vacation home used by women who might have helped increasing the birth rate. The vacation home was abolished probably affected by the gender contract when more women started work and received a statutory vacation.

The thesis sets out to explain the presence of women writers in the book market of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. In order to do so, it examines the position of women writers in Germany - in the context both of their discursive and of their social reality. The thesis investigates the ideological and material background for women's writing, by exploring the areas of gender ideology, contemporary concepts of authorship, women's reading, and the literary market. The final chapter examines women's freedom of expression in different public circumstances. The thesis argues that women's position in the business of culture in general and literature in particular is not as unpromising as has often been claimed. By investigating less well-known texts on gender roles, such as eighteenth-century journal articles, it is possible to show that the rhetoric of prohibitions, for example regarding women's reading and writing, was by no means uniform, but fragmentary and frequently contradictory. Women's own responses to the conditions under which they were working are highlighted throughout the thesis, and examined on the basis of a range of texts, including unpublished correspondence. The examination of non-literary factors, such as the expansion of the literary market and the emergence of a newly diverse reading public, enables the identification of causes other than gender as determining women's position as writers during this period. In the course of this study, numerous neglected texts are considered, which broaden our understanding of this period of literature. The creative and successful use which women writers made of the opportunities they were afforded is emphasised throughout, thereby making an important contribution to the study of women writers.

The Order of Fontevraud, founded in 1100 by the hermit/preacher Robert of Arbrisssel was the only twelfth-century women's order incorporating into its structure a group of chaplains and lay brothers whose specific role was to serve the nuns. This thesis examines the origins of the order and demonstrates that the English foundations were a stage in its development, closely linked to its Angevin connections. Each of the two houses established in England c.l 150 was founded and patronised by supporters of Henry Plantagenet. Westwood, founded by the de Say family, lesser barons from Herefordshire, received a modest endowment. Nuneaton, founded by the magnate Robert, earl of Leicester, was richly endowed. Twenty years later Henry II expelled the Benedictine community from Amesbury replacing it with a group from Fontevraud, thus founding the third house. A fourth, Grovebury, is not treated; it was never a foundation for women. I have studied the process of endowment and shown that the wealth and status of the founder in no small measure determined the future prosperity of the foundation. The internal organisation of the Fontevraud houses has been explored, in particular the balance between local autonomy and dependence on the mother house. As well, I have examined recruitment and shown that this, too, reflected on the circumstances of foundation. My main focus has been on the economy of these three houses, their income and expenditure and the exploitation of their assets. The nuns are seen as a group of women who were dynamic and creative in managing their affairs. This has not precluded an investigation into the spiritual, and in particular, the liturgical dimension of life in the English foundations. Fundamentally the Order of Fontevraud is presented as an opportunity for noble women of England in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries to live religious life in a new order, one renowned for its strict interpretation of the Rule of St Benedict and for the prayerfumess of its members, and one in which women were manifestly in control of their own destinies.

Diss. Örebro : Univ., 2004.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Toronto, 1997. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Toronto, 1997. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

No description available.

Submitted by Lucienne Costa (lucienneferreira@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-06-25T20:37:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 BAÍZA FAUSTINO SOARES – DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGH) 2017.pdf: 1628851 bytes, checksum: 255435947d6029b9a396ea0321fe5bcb (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-25T20:37:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 BAÍZA FAUSTINO SOARES – DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGH) 2017.pdf: 1628851 bytes, checksum: 255435947d6029b9a396ea0321fe5bcb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-21 / Capes / O costume do dote foi uma prática de Antigo Regime habitual em grupos familiares opulentos com o intuito da conservação de seu patrimônio e funcionou como estratégia de manutenção de uma poupança social para grupos de poder locais. Por meio de vestígios deixados nos Livros de Notas pela pena dos tabeliões que outorgavam perante a lei os desejos de homens e mulheres nos sertões da Capitania da Paraíba do Norte setecentista, buscamos nesta pesquisa analisar o costume do dote numa sociedade marginal ao Império lusitano e em formação, localizada na Povoação de Nossa Senhora do Bom Sucesso do Piancó (e, a partir de 1772, Vila de Pombal). Os registros cartoriais nos propiciam o estudo do costume dos arranjos matrimoniais – com o nome de seus cônjuges, parentes e caudais a serem dispostos – capazes de tecer pequenas redes sociais construtoras de um ethos baseado na posse da terra. Partimos do pressuposto da existência, numa rígida sociedade estamental patriarcal, de uma centralidade política e social das mulheres para a instituição e legitimidade de uma elite local nos recantos do Sertão das Piranhas e Piancó no setecentos. / In the Old Regime the habits of the dowry was a customary practice in opulent family groups with the purpose of the conservation of its patrimony, serving as strategy of maintainance of a social saving for local power groups. According to the vestiges left in the Notary Books by the pen of the notaries who granted before the law the desires of men and women in the hinterlands of the Capitania da Paraíba do Norte, we aim to review the custom of the dowry in a marginal newborn society into the Lusitanian Empire, the Povoação de Nossa Senhora do Bom Sucesso do Piancó (and from 1772, Vila de Pombal). Notary records enable us to study the custom of marriage arrangements, with the names of their spouses, relaties, and welth, to be able to forge small social networks that build an ethos based on land ownership. We sugget that from a rigid patriarcal society, there was women political and social centrality for the establishing and legitimacy of a local elite in the corners of the Sertão de Piranhas e Piancó in the 18th Century.

Esta pesquisa de doutorado teve como objetivo deslindar trajetórias individuais e coletivas das mulheres no Sul de Moçambique sob o jugo do colonialismo português. A partir de diferentes tipologias documentais atinentes à primeira metade do século XX, a investigação buscou compreender como viveram aquelas com o status de indígenas. Ser indígena era estar atrelado ao um status, determinado por um conjunto de leis, decretos e práticas coloniais, que basicamente estabeleceu as relações entre cidadãos (brancos, indianos e negros e mulatos assimilados) e indígenas (africanos/negros), os últimos considerados pelos colonizadores portugueses como sub-humanos e, por isso, relegados à uma cidadania de segunda classe. Nossa proposta foi fazer uma história social e feminista das mulheres indígenas privilegiando a agência feminina tendo em vista (e apesar d)a violência estrutural do projeto de dominação, patriarcal, colonial e capitalista levado à cabo pelos portugueses. Pretende-se demonstrar que as mulheres que viveram no Sul de Moçambique na primeira metade do século XX, apesar da brutalidade misógina expressa tanto pelas tradições africanas como pela administração colonial, foram capazes de ativar diversas estratégias e práticas que contrariavam a dominação masculina. / This PhD research aimed to disentangle individual and collective trajectories of women in southern Mozambique under the control of Portuguese colonialism. From different document types relating to the first half of the twentieth century, the study aimed to understand how they lived those with the status of indigenous people. Being Indian was to be linked to a status determined by a set of laws, decrees and colonial practices, which basically established the relationship between citizens (whites, Indians and blacks and assimilated mulattoes) and indigenous (African / black), the latter considered by Portuguese colonists as subhuman and therefore relegated to one second-class citizenship. Our proposal was to make a social history and feminist indigenous women focusing on women\'s agency for (and despite of) the structural violence of domination project, patriarchal, colonial and capitalist carried out by the Portuguese. We intend to show that women who lived in southern Mozambique in the first half of the twentieth century, despite the misogynist brutality expressed by both African traditions and the colonial administration, were able to various strategies and practices opposed to male violence.