D.Litt et Phil. / The study explored strategies abused women use to overcome power and control in their intimate relationships, using their own self-agency. Data was collected through the technique of triangulation in which three women who were legally divorced, wrote their own stories, after which each was individually interviewed by the researcher to get information about the process of leaving and staying away from their abusive relationships, and clearing up and moving on with their lives. Grounded theory was used to analyse the stories, the individual interviews, and the focused group discussion to generate information about the process of leaving abusive relationships on a more abstract level. The study is based on the epistemological underpinnings of post-modernism and feminism. The categories of open coding were generated from the research process and the data: These are abuse, emotional absence, dependence, resistance, use of absolutes, expectations, idealism, independence, decision-making, empowerment, recovery, innate strength and resources, self-esteem, culture and religion, introspection, verbal conceptualisation, hope, spirituality, and absence of social justice. Participants used a broad range of empowerment strategies in the process of leaving their abusive marital relationships and showed that leaving an abusive relationship is a recursive process of leaving and returning, for which women cannot be blamed. They had to make a paradigm shift to establish a basis for leaving, use their internal and external resources to make it on their own, and utilise aspects of psychological, social, racial/cultural, and religious forms of empowerment to advocate on their own behalf. The process of decision-making enabled them to gradually reclaim control over their lives. The empowerment of abused women was not necessarily equivalent to their full recovery from abuse, even though this was a pivotal point in the recovery process that began long before the women left their relationships. The results show that those women who had innate strength and were able to use it to access community resources, were more likely to leave abusive relationships. The women who participated in this study managed to leave their abusive marriages, despite having their lives threatened; each of them grew and developed personally and transformed their lives. Each has realised that there is life after abuse.

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Si l’impact des Montréalaises dans la sphère publique sur les plans social et politique est bien connu, leurs actions sur le plan urbain le sont moins. Au tournant du XXe siècle, ces femmes, travaillant au sein de la Fédération nationale Saint-Jean-Baptiste (FNSJB) et du Montreal Local Council of Women (MLCW), usent de leur agentivité afin de justifier leurs interventions sur la matière urbaine. Suivant la théorie des sphères séparées, elles justifient leur place et leur utilité dans la sphère publique en s’appuyant sur leurs qualités maternelles « naturelles », en tant que gardiennes et ménagères du foyer. Les femmes de Montréal utilisent également les idéologies réformiste et nationaliste qu’elles jumèlent au maternalisme. C’est dans ce contexte qu’il se produit un glissement de la maison à la ville, où elles envisagent l’urbain, par sa matière, comme une maison pour les habitant.es de Montréal. Les projets qu’elles mettent en place ou auxquels elles participent en témoignent. Elles ouvrent des hôpitaux et des écoles et veillent à rendre disponible du logement pour la population vulnérable, à travers des foyers, des orphelinats et autres institutions. Elles veulent aussi rendre leur ville belle et propre, notamment en créant un réseau de parcs et de terrains de jeux, en gardant à l’œil les loisirs « immoraux » et en agissant sur la propreté et l’hygiène. Ces projets, qui sont autant de façons d’intervenir dans et sur l’urbain, témoignent de leurs préoccupations idéologiques, mais aussi du type de ville qu’elles veulent faire naître. Bien qu’inévitablement leur identité collective en tant que femmes blanches de l’élite les mène à poser un regard situé sur les autres Montréalaises et ainsi à mettre en place des projets qui peuvent nuire à ces dernières, la ville qu’elles envisagent est plus à l’écoute des besoins de la population. Elles parviennent ainsi à se doter d’un pouvoir sur la matière urbaine, pouvoir à la fois reconnu par la population qui bénéficie de leurs services, par les autres organisations réformistes et masculines, et même par les autorités municipales. En somme, leurs interventions sur la matière transforment non seulement le visage de la ville, mais aussi la manière dont la ville est pensée. / Although the role of Montreal women in enacting social and political change is well known, their impact on the urban landscape has not garnered enough attention. At the turn of the twentieth century, these women, working within the Fédération nationale Saint-Jean-Baptiste (FNSJB) and the Montreal Local Council of Women (MLCW), used their agency to justify interventions in urban matters. Influenced by the separate spheres doctrine, they defend their place and usefulness in the public sphere through their “natural” maternal qualities, as guardians and housekeepers of the home. Montreal women combine this maternalism with reformism and nationalism. In this context, a slip from house to city takes place, where, through materiality, the urban becomes a home for the city’s inhabitants. The projects that they create or participate in demonstrate this. They open schools and hospitals and work to make decent lodgings accessible for the city’s population, through homes, orphanages, and other institutions. They also work to beautify, clean and make their city a better place to live in, most notably through the creation of a network of parks and playgrounds, the surveillance of “immoral” leisure establishments, and by promoting urban cleanliness and hygiene. These projects that impact the built environment not only underline their ideological inclinations, but also the type of city that they envision. Although their collective identity as elite white women influences their view of other Montreal women, leading them to pursue projects that can have negative effects on the latter, the city they envision is one that is more in tune to the needs of the population. They ultimately succeed in securing for themselves power over urban matter, power that is both recognized by the people who benefit from their projects, but also by men in reformist organizations, and even in municipal government. Thus, their interventions on urban matter not only transform the city, but also the way we think of the city.

許艷霞. / "2004年7月". / 論文(哲學碩士)--香港中文大學, 2004. / 參考文獻 (leaves 108-119). / 附中英文摘要. / "2004 nian 7 yue". / Xu Yanxia. / Lun wen (zhe xue shuo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 2004. / Can kao wen xian (leaves 108-119). / Fu Zhong Ying wen zhai yao. / 鳴謝 --- p.i / 提要 --- p.ii-iii / Chapter (一） --- 引言：「延安模式」的性別觀 / Chapter 1.1 --- 硏究成果回顧 --- p.1-12 / Chapter 1.2 --- 硏究目的、方法及預期貢獻 --- p.12-16 / Chapter (二） --- 中共的婦女運動及其政策 / Chapter 2.1 --- 上海時期（1921 年-1927 年） --- p.17-18 / Chapter 2.2 --- 瑞金時期（1928 年-1935 年） --- p.18-20 / Chapter 2.3 --- 延安時期（1936年-1947年） --- p.20 / Chapter 2.4 --- 內戰時期（1946 年-1949 年） --- p.20-21 / Chapter (三） --- 延安時期的婦女運動 / Chapter 3.1 --- 陝北地區的政治、經濟和社會風俗 --- p.22-24 / Chapter 3.2 --- 延安時期婦女運動的理論基礎 --- p.24-26 / Chapter 3.3 --- 延安時期婦女運動的發展階段及政策內容 --- p.26-39 / Chapter (四） --- 延安時期婦女政策的推行情況 / Chapter 4.1 --- 推行方法 --- p.40-45 / Chapter 4.2 --- 成果 --- p.46-58 / Chapter 4.3 --- 困難和局限 --- p.58-78 / Chapter (五） --- 基層社會的反應 / Chapter 5.1 --- 支前工作 --- p.79-82 / Chapter 5.2 --- 生產 --- p.82-84 / Chapter 5.3 --- 婚姻 --- p.84-89 / Chapter 5.4 --- 文化及衛生教育等 --- p.89-95 / Chapter (六） --- 結論：婦女與革命的「延安模式」 / Chapter 6.1 --- 中國婦女與中共領導的民族革命 --- p.96-98 / Chapter 6.2 --- 中國婦女與中共的社會革命 --- p.99-104 / Chapter 6.3 --- 硏究的新方向 --- p.104-107 / 參考書目 --- p.108-119 / 附表 / Chapter 1. --- 邊區一級機關學校在職女幹部統計(1949年1月） --- p.47-48 / Chapter 2. --- 邊區十五縣縣級女參議員統計表(1941年11月9日） --- p.49 / Chapter 3. --- 邊區一級各機關在職女幹部小孩處理情況(1949年1月） --- p.50-51 / Chapter 4. --- 1938年及1939年生產成績統計表(1940年5月10日） --- p.53 / Chapter 5. --- 吳旗縣五區一ˇёإ婦女纏足、天足狀況表(1948年6月） --- p.56 / Chapter 6. --- 1938-1943年間各縣判決的離婚案件數目（1948年9月10日） --- p.56-57 / Chapter 7. --- 由高等法院直接判決的離婚案件數目（1948年9月10日） --- p.57 / Chapter 8. --- 圪衚坬村婦女結婚年齡統計（1948年） --- p.58 / Chapter 9. --- 1942年綏德分區解除婚約案件的原因及數目（1945年12月） --- p.85-86 / Chapter 10. --- 1944年至1945年綏德分區請求離婚當事人成份統計(1945年12月） --- p.86 / Chapter 11. --- 1944年綏德分區各縣離婚案件提出原因及數目（1945年12月） --- p.86-87 / 附圓 / Chapter 1. --- 陝甘寧邊區地圖 --- p.120 / Chapter 2. --- 陝甘寧邊區婦女參加參議員選舉(30、40年代） --- p.121 / Chapter 3. --- 邊區農村選舉情況（40年代） --- p.121 / Chapter 4. --- 中共中央婦女委員會招待陝甘寧邊區參議會女參議員（1939年9月） --- p.122 / Chapter 5. --- 婦女自衛隊（1939年） --- p.122 / Chapter 6. --- 延安婦女紡織合作社（40年代） --- p.123 / Chapter 7. --- 中共359旅的家屬組織起來編織毛衣（40年代） --- p.123 / Chapter 8. --- 農民變工隊（40年代） --- p.124 / Chapter 9. --- 中國女子大學學生（1939年） --- p.124 / Chapter 10. --- 中國女子大學學生上軍事課(1939年） --- p.125 / Chapter 11. --- 延安醫科生在窰洞前溫習(1945年） --- p.125 / Chapter 12. --- 陝甘寧邊區第二次婦女代表大會部分代表(1948年） --- p.126 / Chapter 13. --- 陳琮英、蔡暢、夏明、劉英長征到達陝北（1935年） --- p.126 / Chapter 14. --- 擁軍（40年代)(夏風刻） --- p.127 / Chapter 15. --- 宣傳衛生（1943年）（王流秋刻） --- p.127 / Chapter 16. --- 怎樣養娃（40年代)(郭鈞刻） --- p.128 / Chapter 17. --- 婚姻登記（1945年)(木刻作品） --- p.128 / Chapter 18. --- 學習文化（1944年)(戚單刻） --- p.129 / Chapter 19. --- 女生開荒隊（1939年)(江豐刻） --- p.129

李淨昉. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 205-219) / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in Chinese and English. / Li Jingfang.

Au sein de la principauté de Morée, fondée à la suite de la quatrième croisade parquelques chevaliers francs dans les territoires de l’ancien empire byzantin, hommes et femmes de l’élite latine participent au maintien de la domination pendant près de deux siècles et demi. S’inspirant des nouvelles tendances de la recherche telles que l’étude des individus par la prosopographie, l’histoire des représentations et du pouvoir des femmes, cette monographie s’attache tout particulièrement à mettre en évidence la place, le rôle et le pouvoir des dames de la Morée franque, du XIIIe au XVe siècle. Au-delà des lieux communs fournis par la pensée médiévale, essentiellement masculine, il s’agira d’analyser l’implication des dames dans les alliances familiales, dans la transmission et la gestion dupatrimoine féodal ou encore dans la vie politique, économique et sociale de la principauté. Organisé en trois parties, ce travail examine d’abord la représentation du féminin dans les sources latines et byzantines, puis il considère la place des dames au sein des familles et des stratégies matrimoniales, enfin il étudie le rôle et le pouvoir de ces femmes dans la féodalité moréote et le gouvernement de la principauté. / Within the principality of Morea, founded after the Fourth Crusade by Frankishknights in the territories of the former Byzantine Empire, men and women of the Latin elite ruled for nearly two and a half centuries. Drawing on new research trends, such as the study of individuals in prosopography, the history of representations and of women's power, this monograph highlights the place, role and power of the ladies of Frankish Morea, from the 13th to the 15th century. Going beyond the commonplace, mostly male, perpectives reflected in medieval thinking, it will analyze the involvement of women in family alliances, in the transmission and management of feudal holdings, and in the political, economic and social life of the principality. Presented in three parts, this work first examines the representation of women in the Latin and Byzantine sources, thenconsiders the place of women in the family and marriage strategies, and concludes by studying the role and power of women in Moreote feudal and government structures.

This purpose of this study is to incorporate women into the history of homelessness. Women's experience is missing from the narrative of industrial era homelessness, which causes researchers to make a distinction between the modem day homeless population and its predecessors. This distinction prevents researchers from examining the long term structural causes of homelessness and analyzing the role homelessness plays in U.S. society. This study explores the population characteristics and living conditions of three groups of women who were considered homeless during the early decades of the twentieth century in Portland. These groups include single working women who lived away from their family, prostitutes, and single mothers. This study also traces the development of charitable institutions and social welfare programs that arose to meet the needs of homeless women during this era and examines the relationships between homeless women and the reformers and charities that took up their cause. The inclusion of women's experience into the history of early twentieth century homelessness necessitates a broadened definition of the homeless phenomenon. Women's homelessness during this era was both defined and determined by their family situation. Women who lived outside of the patriarchal family were considered homeless and suffered economic hardship because of their non-traditional living arrangements. Incorporating an analysis of home back into homelessness will result in non-gendered policy implications. Labor market remedies and affordable housing solutions are still needed, but changes to the structure of the household economy are also called for. The unpaid labor women traditionally perform must be socially and economically valued and the sexual division of labor within the home needs to be challenged.

Chinese female immigrants were active cultural contributors and participants in nineteenth century America, yet Americans often simplified their roles into crude stereotypes and media symbols. The early western accounts concerning females in China created the fundamental images that were the basis of the later stereotypes of women immigrants. The fact that a majority of the period's Chinese female immigrants became prostitutes fueled anti-Chinese feelings. This thesis investigates the general existence of Chinese prostitutes in nineteenth century America and how they were portrayed in the media. American attitudes toward white women and their images of Chinese women created the stereotype of all Chinese female immigrants as immoral. Thus, they became unconscious pawns of nineteenth century American nativist forces wanting to limit and prevent Chinese immigration based on prejudicial and racist attitudes.