Entre 1945 e 1955, a socióloga, visitadora psiquiátrica e psicanalista negra Virgínia Leone Bicudo escreve dois trabalhos sobre relações raciais no Brasil: o primeiro é a tese Estudo de atitudes raciais de pretos e mulatos em São Paulo (1945), sua dissertação de mestrado concluída na Escola Livre de Sociologia e Política (ELSP). Nela, a autora discute a importância da formação de associações negras, como a Frente Negra Brasileira, na mobilização contra os obstáculos para ascensão social dos negros. O segundo trabalho, publicado em 1955, é Atitudes de Alunos de Grupos Escolares em Relação com a Cor dos seus Colegas, resultado das suas pesquisas durante a realização do Projeto Unesco-Anhembi em São Paulo. Ao trabalhar as dimensões subjetivas do preconceito, ela se aproxima dos discursos de intelectuais negros como Frantz Fanon e Guerreiro Ramos. Nosso objetivo é analisar como os estudos de atitudes impactaram as pesquisas sobre relações raciais no Brasil durante o período em que Virgínia escreveu os seus trabalhos, bem como pensar nos processos de legitimação do intelectual negro na universidade. / The black sociologist and psychoanalyst Virginia Leone Bicudo wrote two works on race relations in Brazil. The first was Study of racial attitudes of blacks and mulattos in São Paulo (1945), - her thesis at Escola Livre de Sociologia e Política (ELSP). The author analyses the brazilian black associations, such as the Frente Negra Brasileira. The second study, published in 1955, Attitudes of Students in School Groups in Relation to Color of their Colleagues, results of her research during the Sao Paulo UNESCO-Anhembi Project. Her research about the subjective dimensions of racial prejudice approaches her of the discourses of black intellectuals like Frantz Fanon and Guerreiro Ramos. Our thesis intend to know how the studies of attitudes impacted research on race relations in Brazil during the period in which Virginia wrote their works, as well as thinking about the processes of legitimation of black intellectuals in the university.

Entre 1945 e 1955, a socióloga, visitadora psiquiátrica e psicanalista negra Virgínia Leone Bicudo escreve dois trabalhos sobre relações raciais no Brasil: o primeiro é a tese Estudo de atitudes raciais de pretos e mulatos em São Paulo (1945), sua dissertação de mestrado concluída na Escola Livre de Sociologia e Política (ELSP). Nela, a autora discute a importância da formação de associações negras, como a Frente Negra Brasileira, na mobilização contra os obstáculos para ascensão social dos negros. O segundo trabalho, publicado em 1955, é Atitudes de Alunos de Grupos Escolares em Relação com a Cor dos seus Colegas, resultado das suas pesquisas durante a realização do Projeto Unesco-Anhembi em São Paulo. Ao trabalhar as dimensões subjetivas do preconceito, ela se aproxima dos discursos de intelectuais negros como Frantz Fanon e Guerreiro Ramos. Nosso objetivo é analisar como os estudos de atitudes impactaram as pesquisas sobre relações raciais no Brasil durante o período em que Virgínia escreveu os seus trabalhos, bem como pensar nos processos de legitimação do intelectual negro na universidade. / The black sociologist and psychoanalyst Virginia Leone Bicudo wrote two works on race relations in Brazil. The first was Study of racial attitudes of blacks and mulattos in São Paulo (1945), - her thesis at Escola Livre de Sociologia e Política (ELSP). The author analyses the brazilian black associations, such as the Frente Negra Brasileira. The second study, published in 1955, Attitudes of Students in School Groups in Relation to Color of their Colleagues, results of her research during the Sao Paulo UNESCO-Anhembi Project. Her research about the subjective dimensions of racial prejudice approaches her of the discourses of black intellectuals like Frantz Fanon and Guerreiro Ramos. Our thesis intend to know how the studies of attitudes impacted research on race relations in Brazil during the period in which Virginia wrote their works, as well as thinking about the processes of legitimation of black intellectuals in the university.

La défense de la République espagnole pendant la guerre d’Espagne (1936-1939) a constitué un point de cristallisation de l’engagement des intellectuels européens et un catalyseur de la mobilisation des femmes en faveur d’un régime qui leur avait reconnu des droits dans la Constitution de 1931. A la croisée de ces deux communautés, seize femmes se sont impliquées dans cet épisode majeur de l’histoire européenne du XXème siècle en apportant leur soutien actif au gouvernement républicain. En mettant en regard ces huit Espagnoles (Rosa Chacel, Ernestina de Champourcin, Carmen Conde, María Teresa León, Concha Méndez Cuesta, Margarita Nelken, Isabel Oyarzábal de Palencia et María Zambrano) et ces huit étrangères (Valentine Ackland, Agnia Barto, Nancy Cunard, Clara Malraux, Anna Sehers, Sylvia Townsend Warner, Andrée Viollis, Simone Weil), cette thèse prétend mettre au jour des personnalités et des trajectoires individuelles méconnues – voire inconnues – et apporter sur le conflit un éclairage nouveau. A travers la prise en compte des prémices de leur engagement commun contre le fascisme entre 1936 et 1939, l’analyse de leur contribution directe à l’effort de guerre et l’étude de leur participation à la défense de la culture, il s’agit de montrer que la guerre d’Espagne fut pour toutes un espace d’affirmation et de revendication d’elles-mêmes comme femmes, comme antifascistes et comme femmes de lettres. / During the Spanish Civil War (1936-39), many European intellectuals took position supporting the Spanish Republic. So did women, who rallied to defend a regime whose 1931 Constitution had granted them voting rights. Thus sixteen women of letters got involved in one of the critical events of the 20th century, taking an active part in defending the Republican Government. Comparing these 8 Spanish women (Rosa Chacel, Ernestina de Champourcin, Carmen Conde, María Teresa León, Concha Méndez Cuesta, Margarita Nelken, Isabel Oyarzábal de Palencia et María Zambrano) and 8 foreigners (Valentine Ackland, Agnia Barto, Nancy Cunard, Clara Malraux, Anna Sehers, Sylvia Townsend Warner, Andrée Viollis, Simone Weil), the PhD dissertation aims to both cast light on these not very well-known women and their personal commitments and destinies, and provide new insight on the Civil War. Taking into account the early stages of their common commitment against fascism between 1936 and 1939, and analyzing their direct contribution to the war effort and their defense of culture, the dissertation aims to show that the Spanish Civil War gave these women the opportunity to assert themselves as women, as activists and as women of letters.

Cette thèse porte sur les processus de constitution – problématiques – de femmes comme intellectuelles au XXe siècle. Pour ce faire, trois cas, nés vers 1900, sont étudiés : l’artiste et écrivaine proche des avant-gardes en général et des surréalistes en particulier dans le Paris des années 1920-1930 Claude Cahun, la journaliste martiniquaise du Paris colonial de ces mêmes années et figure militante et intellectuelle importante de la Martinique d’après-guerre Paulette Nardal ; et enfin Viola Klein, juive tchèque exilée en Angleterre et pionnière oubliée de la sociologie féministe. Cette étude repose sur une analyse conjointe de la trajectoire et de la production culturelle de chacune de ces femmes. Il s’agit de comprendre comment leur expérience intellectuelle s’enracine dans des processus de prise de conscience de soi en tant que sujet renvoyé à l’altérité, femme, mais aussi sujet racialisé, qui déterminent les formes d’entrée dans la pensée. Cette thèse rend également compte du positionnement complexe, dedans/dehors, de ces femmes par rapport aux mouvements (le surréalisme pour Cahun, la culture noire en général et la négritude en particulier pour Nardal), et disciplines (la sociologie de la connaissance et du travail pour Klein) « dans » lesquels elles s’inscrivent et ce qu’elles y apportent ainsi que la pluralité des formes de pensée et d’engagement qu’une telle position liminale révèle. Il s’agit enfin d’interroger le processus de diffusion et de réception des oeuvres et des idées, dans lequel les logiques d’invisibilisation et d’oubli, mais aussi de redécouverte, jouent un rôle fondamental. Ce dernier point ouvre sur une réflexion relative aux logiques (nationales, disciplinaires, idéologiques) de construction du savoir. Cette thèse, interrogeant le devenir sujet des femmes et ce que peut lui faire la postérité, se propose ainsi de contribuer à une histoire intellectuelle transnationale des femmes et du genre. / This thesis analyzes the problematic ways in which women were able to become intellectuals in the XXth century. The cases of three women, born around 1900, are here studied. The artist and writer close to the Avant-Garde in general and the Surrealist movement in particular in the 20s and the 30s Claude Cahun; the Martinican journalist of colonial Paris in those same years Paulette Nardal, an important intellectual and activist figure in Post War Martinique after 1945; and last but not least, Viola Klein, a Czech Jew, exiled in Britain, and a forgotten pioneer of feminist sociology.This study is based upon an analysis of both the itinerary and cultural production of each of these women. It aims to understand how their intellectual experience is rooted in processes of self-awareness – as subjects who have to deal with otherness, as women, but also as racialized subjects – which shape the way in which these women intellectuals come to thought and commitment. This thesis also examines the complex position, Inside/Outside, of these women in relation to the movements and disciplines they join (Surrealism for Cahun, Négritude for Nardal, Sociology of Knowledge for Klein), the contribution they make to these movements and disciplines, and the plurality of the forms of thought and commitment such a liminal position entails. The aim is to question the ways in which works and ideas are spread and received – a process in which “invisibilization”, oblivion, but also rediscovery play a major part. This last idea opens up a reflection about the conceptions (national, disciplinary, ideological) pertaining to the construction of knowledge.

Submitted by Geandra Rodrigues (geandrar@gmail.com) on 2018-04-26T19:47:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 miriancristinadossantos.pdf: 1163812 bytes, checksum: ec37c6222f8aa4b7e2b4d3ca8aead284 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2018-04-27T11:23:32Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 miriancristinadossantos.pdf: 1163812 bytes, checksum: ec37c6222f8aa4b7e2b4d3ca8aead284 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-27T11:23:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 miriancristinadossantos.pdf: 1163812 bytes, checksum: ec37c6222f8aa4b7e2b4d3ca8aead284 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-23 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O presente trabalho propõe discutir o papel da mulher negra enquanto intelectual engajada na luta pela transformação da sociedade brasileira, a partir de narrativas negrofemininas contemporâneas. Nessa investigação, ao longo da pesquisa, analiso as obras Mulher Mat(r)iz (2011) e Bará na trilha do vento (2015), de Miriam Alves; Becos da Memória (2006) e Olhos d’água (2014), de Conceição Evaristo; e Espelhos, Miradouros, Dialéticas da Percepção (2011) e O Tapete Voador (2016), de Cristiane Sobral. Para isso, o referencial teórico desta pesquisa compreende teorias sobre “o papel do intelectual” (SAID, 2005) e, mais especificamente, sobre a intelectual negra (hooks, 1995), bem como questões relativas às peculiaridades da literatura negrofeminina (FIGUEIREDO, 2009), às “políticas do cotidiano” (hooks, 1995), ao feminismo negro (CARNEIRO, 2003), entre outras, considerando também a fortuna crítica quanto às escritoras negro-brasileiras, em geral, e às escritoras supracitadas, em particular. Em seus livros, Miriam Alves, Conceição Evaristo e Cristiane Sobral abordam as principais demandas da mulher negra na contemporaneidade, dão visibilidade às culturas africanas e afro-brasileiras, denunciam a condição marginalizada e subalternizada do negro e fazem dessa literatura escrita por mulheres local de força, resistência, afirmação e denúncia. Sendo assim, mais do que analisar as peculiaridades da escrita feminina negra, esta pesquisa empreende uma discussão sobre o papel da escritora negra enquanto intelectual contemporânea. Intelectual que vem à esfera pública construir um espaço de intervenção na realidade social e, ainda mais, atuando para transformar as relações sociais e culturais assimétricas e iníquas que têm perpetuado divisões de gênero e étnico-raciais ao longo da história do Brasil. / The present work proposes to discuss the role of the black woman as an intellectual engaged in the struggle for the transformation of the Brazilian society, from contemporary black women narratives. In this investigation, I analyze the works Mulher Mat(r)iz (2011) and Bará na trilha do vento (2015), by Miriam Alves; Becos da Memória (2006) and Olhos d’agua (2014), by Conceição Evaristo; and Espelhos, Miradouros e Dialéticas da Percepção (2011) and O Tapete Voador (2016), by Cristiane Sobral. For this, the theoretical reference of this research includes theories about "the role of the intellectual" (SAID, 2005) and, more specifically, about the black intellectual (hooks, 1995), as well as questions related to the peculiarities of black woman literature (FIGUEIREDO, 2009), to "everyday politics" (hooks, 1995), to black feminism (CARNEIRO, 2003), among others, also considering the critical fortune about Brazilian black women writers in general and about the women writers mentioned above. In her books, Miriam Alves, Conceição Evaristo and Cristiane Sobral address the main demands of black women in contemporary times, give visibility to African and Afro-Brazilian cultures, denounce the marginalized and subalternized condition of the black and make this literature written by women a local of force, resistance, affirmation and denunciation. Thus, more than analyze the peculiarities of black female writing, this research proposes to undertake a discussion about the role of the black woman writer as a contemporary intellectual. Intellectual that comes to the public sphere to build a space of intervention in social reality and, even more, acting to transform the asymmetrical and wicked social and cultural relations that have perpetuated gender and ethnic-racial divisions throughout Brazilian history.

The present work examines the literary criticism expressed by Isabella Teotochi Albrizzi in several of her unpublished letters. / The first part outlines the cultural and historical tradition of Venice during the Eighteenth Century. Particular attention is subsequently given to the intellectual role of women, their contribution to the literary salons of the time, and the neoclassical tradition. This first part is essential in that it supplies a valuable context to Isabella Teotochi Albrizzi's writings. / In the second part, I examine Isabella Teotochi Albrizzi's literary criticism of major European authors and works. Through these criticisms she exposes her misvision of the literary world to which she aspired, and reveals that although she was influenced by the subtle preromantic tendencies, she remained faithful to the neoclassical school.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Wharton’s heroines are ordinary women who fight to secure material comfort and create selves that satisfy their emotional and sexual needs. These women often find that the two goals are mutually exclusive, since society strictly dictates appropriate behavior. This code of behavior stems from their relation to men: as objects to be won, as wives, and as mothers. In many instances, women are not even aware of their prescriptive roles and confuse their search for self with a search for security. Material comfort does not nurture Wharton’s heroines’ inner selves and they feel a metaphysical dissatisfaction, often seeking to find contentment through divorce or affairs. What they find in either case is that the cure to their ennui is not material, but mental. Wharton’s women seek a transcendent self—a self that is not dependent upon popular notions of respectability; a spiritual state that is independent from any attachment to social imperatives.

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