L'étude de la création lexicale en latin détermine la fréquence de certaines formations, leur productivité et leur emploi, selon des périodes, des genres ou des auteurs donnés. L’analyse morphologique des néologismes poétiques rend compte des capacités du latin à innover lexicalement en puisant dans ses fonds propres. Notre présente étude s’intéresse au phénomène de la composition nominale, dont la variété des combinaisons possibles, les commodités lexicales et métriques demeurent un élément déterminant dans le renouvellement du vocabulaire poétique latin, répondant aux soucis de varietas et d’originalité des poetae fabricatores. Afin de comprendre les influences lexicales des veteres poetae sur les poètes postérieurs, cette étude part de la poésie cicéronienne (Catulle, Lucrèce et Cicéron) pour s’étendre à la période augustéenne (Virgile, Horace, Properce, Tibulle et Ovide), la plus fertile en composés nouveaux, puis à la julio-claudienne (Sénèque, Perse et Lucain) et enfin à la flavienne (Silius Italicus, Valérius Flaccus, Stace, Martial et Juvénal) en s’autorisant une comparaison avec le latin tardif. La très faible fréquence d’attestation des lexèmes poétiques, dont une grande partie constitue des hapax legomena, permet de considérer ces termes comme des créations poétiques. Ces composés nouveaux contribuent à une poïetique du sens en intensifiant le discours et en créant une enargeia propre à mettre en évidence une pensée unique. Il convient dès lors de souligner l’intérêt stylistique et sémantique que ces néologismes revêtent par la simplicité de leur formation, de leur statut de mots « possibles » et enfin de leur adaptation aux différents mètres latins, et en particulier l’hexamètre dactylique. / The study of lexical creation in Latin determines the frequency of certain formations, their productivity and their use according to given periods, types or authors. The morphological analysis of poetic neologisms shows the lexical innovative quality of Latin and its ability to feed on itself. Our study focuses on the phenomenon of compounding whose variety of possible combinations and adaptability to lexis and metrics remain crucial factors in the renewal of the Latin poetic vocabulary, thus answering the poetae fabricatores’s concerns about varietas and originality. In order to understand the lexical influences of the veteres poetae on the following poets, this study on lexical creation by nominal compounding starts from the Ciceronian period (Catullus, Lucretius and Cicero) to the Augustan Age (Virgil, Horace, Propertius, Tibullus and Ovid) – when the widest range of new compounds was created – to the Julio-Claudian period (Seneca, Persius and Lucan) to the Flavian Age (Silius Italicus, Valerius Flaccus, Statius, Martial and Juvenal), with a comparison with Late Latin. The very low frequency of the occurrences of poetic words, many of which are hapax legomena, makes it possible to regard these terms as poetic creations. These new compounds contribute to a poietic of the meaning by intensifying the speech and by creating an enargeia that reveals a single thought. We can therefore stress the stylistic and semantic interests of these neologisms due to the simplicity of their formation, their status of “possible” words and eventually their adaptation to the various Latin meters, especially the dactylic hexameter.

In the theoretical part of the thesis, we will describe word-formation in Czech from the traditional point of view. Then we will dwell on automation of word formation based on derivational rules, which we will generate from a~given dictionary. The quality of new-found words will be evaluated using four different estimations. Finally, we will review achieved results.

Abstact: The thesis examines the vocabulary of breeders on social networks. For a period of three months, we've been collecting specific language resources in the group of breeders and provides a word-forming and semantic analysis of the found words, including examples of use. It also brings special dictionary of breeder's slang. Based on selected lexemes, it tests the acceptability/unacceptability of specific words outside this interest group. It verifies the hypothesis that these lexemes will be assessed by the non-breeding group as less acceptable or unacceptable.

The diploma thesis deals with negation in Spanish, especially lexical negation and negative prefixes. It is divided into two parts: the first one is theoretical which is followed by a practical one, which contains its own research. The aim of the first part is to genereally define negation from the perspective of various disciplines and to characterize the means that are used to create the negative (in Spanish and Czech). The greatest emphasis is placed on word- formation negation, that is why basic word-forming processes are defined here. In the theoretical part, the greatest attention is paid to prefixation: basic categories of prefixes are described with emphasis on negative prefixes. The second part focuses on the research which is based on the work with the language corpus and subsequently the questionnaire, which was created for the purpose of the work. The aim of the practical part is to discover some specifics in the behaviour of individual negative prefixes (a-, des-, in-, anti- and contra-) and their possible interchangeability. Subsequently conclusions are drawn from this part, following the theoretical part and completing the overall view of lexical negation in Spanish.

The topic of thesis Linguistic Analysis of Historical Text by Augustin Mitis Kázání o povětří is the linguistic analysis of historical text Kázanj O Powětřj, which comes from the year 1620 and his author was Augustin Mitis. Text is divided into two parts - theoretical and practical. In the theoretical part the orthography and language of humanistic era is described. Practical section is bringing results of analysis of linguistic layers: orthography, phonetics, morphology, word formation and syntax. During the creation of the thesis is used the qualitative textual analysis, which is supplemented by the quantitative statistical analysis. The supplement of this thesis contains additional research, which contains analysis of two pages of print Wýklad Modlitby Boží, which comes from the same printing house as analyzed text. In the chapter about orthography the way of print is described. In this print was used the Brethren՚s orthography. Analysis of phonetic changes shows that they are not common. The chapter about morphology is focusing on representation of word classes and grammatical categories of nouns and verbs. In the chapter about word formation the methods of word formation are described. The syntactic analysis is focused on the complex and compound sentences and the grammatical constituents. Analysis of...

Abstact: The thesis examines the vocabulary of breeders on social networks. For a period of three months, we've been collecting specific language resources in the group of breeders and provides a word-forming and semantic analysis of the found words, including examples of use. It also brings special dictionary of breeder's slang. Based on selected lexemes, it tests the acceptability/unacceptability of specific words outside this interest group. It verifies the hypothesis that these lexemes will be assessed by the non-breeding group as less acceptable or unacceptable.

In the field of Natural Language Processing, word-formation is under-resourced comparing to inflectional morphology. Moreover, the existing resources capturing word-formation differ in many aspects. This thesis aims to review existing language resources for word-formation across languages and to unify them to a common data structure and file format. Basic notions of word-formation are followed by a review of existing language resources and their comparison in both quantitative and qualitative aspects. In the core part of the thesis, the harmonisation process is presented. Design decisions on the unification procedure are presented, and the selection of the resources to unify is described. The resources are unified to the rooted tree data structure and stored in a lexeme-based file format, which is already used in DeriNet 2.0. The procedure applies supervised machine learning model and the Maximum Spanning Tree algorithm. While the model scores word-formation relations, the MST algorithm uses the scores for identifying the rooted tree structure in each word-formation family. The resulting collection of harmonised resources covering 20 European languages was published under the title 'Universal Derivations' (UDer).

[pt] Este trabalho estuda o prefixo co(N)- na Língua Portuguesa, entendido como um prefixo único que se manifesta sob as formas com, con e co. Na presente pesquisa, tais formas são estudadas a partir das construções lexicais em que podem ser reconhecidas, o que permite vislumbrar a variação de significados do prefixo na língua portuguesa. Os dados primários da análise foram coletados no Dicionário Houaiss da Língua Portuguesa. Para realizar tal estudo, foi aplicado um conjunto de conceitos operacionais e de procedimentos analítico-descritivos apresentados na Gramática Cognitiva de Ronald Langacker. Assume-se, portanto, que a estrutura fonológica co(N) evoca uma dada estrutura semântica – que se configura como tal devido à aplicação de um conjunto de operações de perspectivização sob o substrato conceptual obtido a partir do contexto em que são usadas as construções lexicais com tal prefixo. Por sua vez, as operações de perspectivização possibilitaram notar não só que, em distintas construções lexicais, bem como nos distintos contextos em que elas são usadas, o referido prefixo assume valores semânticos convencionais distintos; como também que esses sentidos, embora distintos, encontram-se relacionados mutuamente. O reconhecimento dessa relação mútua decorre do estabelecimento de um desses significados como prototípico, ou primário, sendo os demais considerados como sentidos derivados, sobretudo pelo fenômeno de atenuação conceptual. Essa abordagem propiciou o delineamento de uma rede polissêmica entre os valores semânticos convencionais apresentados pelo prefixo co(N)-, em convergência com a abordagem teórica da Gramática Cognitiva, baseada no modelo de rede, em que os vários significados assumidos por uma determinada unidade simbólica formam uma teia de relações entre si. / [en] This work is concerned with the Portuguese prefix co(n)-, understood as a single prefix which, however, can occur in the different forms com, con and co . In the research, the forms studied were extracted from the lexical constructions where they can be recognized, which leads to a better vision of the range of meanings of the prefix in Portuguese. The primary data of the analysis were collected from the Dicionário Houaiss da Língua Portuguesa. In the investigation, we applied a set of operational concepts and analytical procedures of description from Langacker s Cognitive Grammar. It is assumed, therefore, that the phonological structure corresponding to co(N) evokes a given semantic structure arrived at by means of a set of construal operations under the conceptual substract presented by the context in which lexical constructions with the prefix were used. In turn, the construal makes clear that this prefix not only can have different conventional semantic values, in different lexical constructions as well as in different contexts of use, but also that the different senses are mutually related. The recognition of this mutual relationship is possible once we take one of these meanings as prototypical, or primary, from which other meanings derive, especially by conceptual attenuation factors. This approach allowed us to outline a semantic network that permeates conventional semantic values of the prefix, thus converging with GC s theoretical approach based on a network model, in the sense that the various meanings assumed by certain symbolic unity form a web of relationships among themselves.

This thesis deals with the language of players of video games, especially computer games. The language sample was taken from written as well as spoken sources - magazines, web reviews and Let's Plays - and is limited to action, strategic and RPG games with some overlap with action-adventures. Researched words are mainly keywords of video game players' vocabulary. The goal of this thesis was to describe the language of video game players from several language viewpoints and briefly describe the slang of the players. The first part deals with introducing the researched material, video games as a whole and their history and also the subculture of video game players. The second part analyses the sample in terms of lexical semantics and word formation, describes the extent of adaptation of loanwords, also stabilization of words, neology and the words' affiliation to slang, terminology and common vocabulary. Then the thesis attempts to briefly describe the slang of video game players. Generally, the slang includes a large number of anglicisms and expressions from informatics (in a large part technical terms), while loanwords are adapted to a varying degree. Many expressions in the slang of video game players can also be considered professionalisms given the existence of professional players and...

This thesis examines the French translation of the 224 neologisms in Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, the seventh book in J.K. Rowling’s fantasy series. By analyzing the original neologisms and their French equivalents, this research compares the word formation processes used by both the author and the translator, Jean-François Ménard. Additionally, to categorize Ménard’s translation techniques, this study adapts a framework designed by Jacqueline Henry to classify translations of word play. While Ménard uses the same types of word formation as Rowling to create his lexicon, this study reveals that he often chooses a different neological process or distinct lexemes to recreate the effect of the original neologism. To achieve this, Ménard relies on his own creativity and embraces the norms of the French language to give his audience a reading experience comparable to that offered to the readers of the original text. / Graduate