<p>The aim of this Magister Degree Project has been to investigate if can corpora be used to investigate patterns of lexical distribution and/or borrowing from one variety to another. Another aim has been to investigate how well classification of lexical items as either “British” or “American” supported by evidence from corpora of English.</p><p>In order to accomplish these aims sets of lexical items have been examined in two ways: first through dictionary research and “dictionary dating”, and second through the use of such English corpora as the British National Corpus (BNC), the United Kingdom Web Archiving Consortium (ukWaC), and the TIME Corpus of American English. The results of this research suggest that the simplistic labelling of certain items as “American” versus “British” is sometimes misleading, and that corpus investigations on their own, though useful, may not be entirely sufficient in this context.</p>

The style of the Swedish writer Harry Martinson is characterised by a large number of conspicuous and creative word-formation units, which have a special function in his writing. One single word might summarise and denominate an experiance or a complex emotion, sometimes using an exact description, sometimes using a metaphor. The content and the novelty of such nonce forms catch the reader´s or listener´s attention, achieving the intended effect: to make the reader understand what Martinson wants to convey. The present study is an analysis of the neologisms used in two of Martinson´s semiautobiographical novels and their German translations. The object of the study is twofold: firstly to show that the great variety of nonce words-formations as well as their semantics provide the special stylistic markers of the texts, and secondly to draw more general conclusions about the effect of target languages regarding the form, content and function of the units in the texts, as well as their effect on the reader, the concept of equivalence is central. Correspondences and deviations are analysed applying a model specifically designed for the purpose and based in relevant theories. The results illustrate both the various problems a translator must seek to solve and the consequences that simplifications, omissions, and paraphrases might have on the meaning and effect of the text.

The Austrian novelist Heimito von Doderer (1896-1966) gained his reputation after World War II with the novels Die Strudlhofstiege (1951) and Die Dämonen (1956). His interest in language, its functions and its innermost essence appears from his novels, his diaries and his essays. In order to express his energetic conception of language he used an individual and partly newly-created terminology.This dissertation deals in the main with an analysis of approximately 25 central sentences {Fundamentalsätze), containing more than 100 terms, according to the criteria of content and formal aspects. Chapter 5 focuses on Doderer's view of life (Lebensphilosophie), a combination of philosophy, psychology and religion. The role of memory, the exploration of thinking and the depiction of creativity constitute combined endeavours in his work, in which he was influenced by Weininger's and Swoboda's terms and theses. Chapter 6 treats linguistic terminology proper. Two different examples may demonstrate Doderer's remarkable intuition for linguistic essentials. Beginning with the indirect essence of language he supposes that there is no fundamental difference between the birth of language and the creation of metaphors. Secondly he conceives of a sentence as being formed as a structural unit, based on a formula (Strukturformel). Similar opinions are represented in modern linguistics.The formal aspects of his terminology are dealt with in Chapter 7, including the different types of terms and the possibilities of word-formation, to express definitions and thematic connections. In the novel Die Merowinger (1962) Doderer constructs a burlesque travesty of erudite professional language. / digitalisering@umu

This master thesis extends the main topic of the bachelor thesis Speech of the Computer Games Players (also by Eliška Schönbauerová) and it will further research a new type of sociolect; the speech of computer games players. This sociolect has been researched just on the basic level, and so the author seeks to focus on other, yet unexplored linguistic levels of said sociolect: morphology, word-formation, phonetics, lexicology, syntax and stylistics. The goal is to deeply explore and research gamers' sociolect and to better understand the process of adapting Anglicisms in the system of contemporary Czech language. The theoretical part is based on available professional literature. This thesis also contains materials gathered by the author from gamers or they are available online.

The thesis deals with the differences in Czech and German language in the word-formation, specifically the issue of composite. The main part is devoted to the word-formation of both languages possibilities of vocabulary enrichment are given, important terms of the word-formation are defined and word forming kinds are introduced. It is further processed the theory of composite concepts from different authors. The aim of this work is to demonstrate that in German language appear significantly more composites than sketched options of their Czech equivalents and create a list of Czech equivalent structures. As the basis for this analysis are used texts from the field of hotel industry and tourism in Austria, which are available online on the websites of tourist portals (www.oberoesterreich.at and www.niederoesterreich.at).

The main objective of this thesis called "Language Innovations in Mass Media" is to identify and compare language innovations in articles produced by major printed mass medium with language innovations in news programme broadcasted by public TV channel. Thesis aims to describe actual trends of language innovations, specifically lexical and word-building process. Overall, author analysed language of 17,723 reports and 1,174 articles from TV programme Události (produced by Česká televize and broadcasted daily at 7pm) and front pages of daily newspaper (MF DNES) from one-year period. Author detects similar patterns in terms of language innovations in both sources, however, the realization of the innovations is different.

The present thesis deals with, and elaborates on, the concept of sense inheritance (particularly with respect to suffixation in Czech). Drawing on more general remarks on lexical meaning, polysemy, and the semantic relatedness of a derived word and its base, the theoretical part of the thesis delineates the notion of sense inheritance, originating within the framework of construction grammar. It is shown that the idea of sense inheritance has at least implicitly been present in Czech lexicology (cf. the derivational criterion for identifying senses of polysemous words) and lexicography. It is argued that the traditional Czech theory of word formation relies on the assumption of the semantic transparency or even compositionality of motivated words, which can hardly be squared with empirical evidence concerning sense inheritance, nevertheless. In the empirical part of the thesis semantic relations are analyzed that hold between derivatives within 43 word families of polysemous bases (denoting body parts), and subsequently the sense-inheritance properties of the 80 most frequent (hence established and lexicalized) derivatives with the agentive suffix -tel and polysemous base verbs are contrasted with those found in 100 hapax legomena derived from polysemous bases with the same affix. This enables not...

This thesis examines suffixation in Middle English in the periods 1200-1299 and 1300-1399. More specifically, the work is focussed on nominal coinages of native origin only, formed with the suffixes -ness, -head / -hood, -ship and -dom, where the aim is to observe their productivity in time. In the theoretical part, we explore the contribution of external (socio-political) and internal (typological and word-formational) factors to changes in the English language, including word-formation processes. Our hypothesis is that suffixation as a word-formation process will continue strongly, despite the ongoing language-internal changes and the overwhelming influx of foreign words. Data for this research was collected from The Oxford English Dictionary (OED) through Advance Search. The data retrieved for each suffix was considered from a morphological, structural and lexico-semantic perspective. The analyses were performed to detect changes in the behaviour of each suffix and to discover the realities attesting their productivity. Moreover, the analyses uncovered additional phenomena: types that had only one quotation (hapaxes) and competition occurring between the selected suffixes. The hapaxes were also investigated for their morphological, structural and semantic features so as to identify any common...

The aim of this Magister Degree Project has been to investigate if can corpora be used to investigate patterns of lexical distribution and/or borrowing from one variety to another. Another aim has been to investigate how well classification of lexical items as either “British” or “American” supported by evidence from corpora of English. In order to accomplish these aims sets of lexical items have been examined in two ways: first through dictionary research and “dictionary dating”, and second through the use of such English corpora as the British National Corpus (BNC), the United Kingdom Web Archiving Consortium (ukWaC), and the TIME Corpus of American English. The results of this research suggest that the simplistic labelling of certain items as “American” versus “British” is sometimes misleading, and that corpus investigations on their own, though useful, may not be entirely sufficient in this context.

[pt] Este trabalho constitui-se num estudo morfológico sobre a questão produtividade / produção de padrões lexicais em textos literários, com o objetivo de sustentar a hipótese de que tais obras apresentam condições de produção especiais em relação a determinados padrões morfológicos de formação. A base de investigação é a obra O Coronel e o Lobisomem, de José Candido de Carvalho, já conhecida por seu teor de inovação lexical. São eleitas para análise as sufixações com –ão e –oso e a prefixação com des-, formações morfológicas que se constituem em potenciais processos de inovação lexical. Sugere-se que a utilização de tais padrões na obra não é fortuita, já que parecem representar iconicamente o discurso hiperbólico do personagem principal. De início, apresenta-se uma visão geral da morfologia lexical, quanto a seu tratamento tradicional e em relação a contribuições mais recentes, focalizando-se especialmente a questão produtividade/produção. Procede-se depois à apreciação do tratamento dado pelos estudiosos do português sobre os formativos com –ão, -oso e des-. Em seguida, são analisadas as formações encontradas na obra O Coronel e o Lobisomem. Finalmente, são apresentadas as conclusões sobre o uso que o autor faz dos padrões de formação em sua obra, os quais refletem o discurso do personagem principal, com vistas a afirmar a relevância da análise das condições de produção, ao lado da questão da produtividade, para um melhor conhecimento do léxico do português. / [en] This work is a morphologic study on the issue of lexical productivity and production in literary texts. Its main goal is to support the hypothesis that literary works present special conditions for the use of morphological formation patterns.Our investigation is based on the novel The Colonel and the Werewolf by Jose Candido de Carvalho, a work which is known for its lexical innovations. The suffixes –ão and –oso, as well as the prefix des- were chosen for our analysis, as they are the preferred morphological elements for lexical innovation in Carvalhos s work. Our results suggest that the use of these morphological patterns in the work is not fortuitous; in fact, they seem to iconically represent the hyperbolic discourse of the main character of the novel. We initially present an overview of lexical morphology, which includes both traditional approaches and recent contributions; the main focus will be on the productivity/production issue. Then, we approach the description of the suffixes –ão and –oso and the prefix desin Portuguese. Next, the lexical constructions with these elements occurring in the book The Colonel and the Werewolf are analyzed. We conclude showing that the author uses morphological patterns to reinforce the discourse of the main character of the novel. This analysis shows the relevance of the study of production conditions, in addition to productivity, for a deeper understanding of the lexicon in Brazilian Portuguese.