Orientador: Edson Françozo / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-25T11:08:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Salgado_BeatrizdeOliveira_M.pdf: 963950 bytes, checksum: 5a065cca3fa6378edad144444ccd3af2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Este trabalho investigou se no português brasileiro (PB), assim como investigaram Van Alphen e Van Berkum (2010) no holandês, os ouvintes levam em conta o significado de supostas palavras reconhecidas em outras, durante o acesso lexical. Um exemplo deste fenômeno seria a ativação mental da palavra "fé", mesmo que brevemente, quando o ouvinte se depara com a palavra "café". Investigar fenômenos como esse é tentar compreender parte da dinâmica que ocorre no acesso lexical em nossa mente. No caso desta pesquisa, perguntamo-nos se o acesso lexical de uma Suposta Palavra Inserida (SPI) no início de sua palavra Portadora (como "nó" em "nora") ocorre da mesma maneira que uma SPI no final (como "fé" em "café"). Nossa proposta é que esse acesso dar-se-á de maneira não estritamente modular e sim interacional (em termos cognitivos), como em um modelo conexionista. Neste tipo de modelo, como argumenta Leitão (2008), existe uma alta interação entre todos os tipos de informação relevantes para o processamento (como léxico-semântica, contextual, frequência de ocorrência etc.) e essa interação entre informações é o que guia o "caminho" que seguimos no processamento. Inicialmente, buscamos no corpus NILC-São Carlos palavras que contêm outras palavras menores dentro delas (Portadoras) dentro de um intervalo de frequência. Em seguida, elaboramos experimentos de decisão lexical com estímulos por via auditiva e visual (cross-modal) para avaliar se uma palavra na tela associada à SPI ouvida (como CRENÇA para "fé", em "café") teria um tempo de resposta (RT) diferente de uma palavra sem associação direta nem com a Portadora nem com a SPI (como COMPUTADOR). Esse resultado indica que o sujeito consideraria também a SPI no acesso lexical da Portadora, pois a associação entre a SPI (ouvida na Portadora) e a palavra lida na tela interferiu na tarefa de decisão lexical. Essa interferência seria responsável por modificar o tempo da resposta, em comparação com o caso de uma palavra escrita não associada (situação Controle), que não interfere na tarefa. Por outro lado, existe evidência para a desativação da SPI no início e para inibição da ativação de uma SPI no final, justificada pela ativação da Portadora (por exemplo, a ativação mental de "café" inibiria a ativação de "fé", como resultado da competição entre hipóteses lexicais). Argumentamos que, ao final do prime, as SPIs ainda estão ativadas, mas sofrem efeito da competição com a palavra Portadora. Esses são exemplos da dinâmica temporal do acesso lexical, que estudamos nesta pesquisa. Como os resultados empíricos sobre esse tema, na literatura atual, ainda não são consistentes, com evidências tanto para efeitos que favorecem o acesso de SPIs como para efeitos que inibem esse acesso (assim como a ausência de efeitos), nosso estudo fornece mais evidências para compreender a dinâmica temporal da ativação de palavras dentro de palavras no acesso lexical, investigando também a diferença no processamento de SPIs no início e no final de outras palavras, ao comparar os diferentes RTs para cada uma dessas situações / Abstract: In this research, we examined if in Brazilian Portuguese (PB), as in Dutch (Van Alphen & Van Berkum, 2010), listeners consider the meaning of spurious words embedded in other words, during lexical access. As an example of this phenomenon there is the activation of the word "pain", even if briefly, when the listener hears the word "champagne". Investigating phenomena like this is trying to comprehend part of the dynamics in the lexical access in our minds. We have asked if the lexical access of an embedded word in the beginning of its carrier (e.g. "pie" in "pirate") occurs in the same way as a word embedded in its ending (e.g. "pain" in "champagne"). We propose that this access does not happen in a strictly modular way, but in an interactive way, in cognitive terms, as in a connectionist model. In this type of model, as argues Leitão (2008), there is a high interaction among all kinds of relevant information to processing (lexical-semantic, contextual, frequency of occurrence etc.) and this interaction among information is what guides the "path" we follow in processing. Initially, we searched the corpus NILC-São Carlos for words that had other smaller words embedded in them (henceforth, carrier and embedded, respectively) in and interval of frequency. After that, we elaborated cross-modal lexical decision experiments to evaluate if a word in the screen associated to the embedded word in the audio (e.g. DOCTOR to "pain" in "champagne") would have a response time (RT) different from a word with no direct association either with the carrier or the embedded word (e.g. COMPUTER). This result would indicate that the subject also considers the embedded word in the lexical access of the carrier, because the association of the written word with the spurious word (embedded) in the audio interfered with the task, modifying the response time, in comparison to a written word with no association, which would not interfere in the task. On the other hand, there is evidence for the deactivation of the embedded word in the beginning and to the inhibition of the activation of an embedded in the end of a carrier, which is justified by the activation of the carrier itself (for example, the mental activation of "champagne" would inhibit the activation of "pain", as a result of the competition between these lexical hypotheses). We argue that, by the end of the prime, the embedded words are still activated, but suffer the effects of the competition against the carrier word. The empirical results around this subject, in the current literature, are not yet consistent, with evidence for effects that facilitate the access of embedded words, as well as effects that inhibit this access. Therefore, our study provides more evidence to the comprehension of the temporal dynamics of the activation of words within words in lexical access by investigating the difference in processing of embeddings in the beginning as well as in the ending of carrier words, by comparing the different RTs for each of these situations / Mestrado / Linguistica / Mestra em Linguística

This thesis investigates the word formation processes of the neologisms in the Harry Potter books by JK Rowling. The aim is to find the frequencies of these processes and then discuss why the frequency looks this way. By collecting and analysing the neologisms with the help of the classification of Plag (2003) and Ljung (2003), the frequencies of the different formation processes is established. The reasons why the distribution of word formation processes looks this way is then discussed and compared to the background information about the author. The conclusion is that compound is the most frequent word formation of this sample. The arguments why the distribution looks this way could be that the semantic meaning of the Harry Potter words is important and that many of the neologisms are based on humour, mythology and folklore.

The present thesis deals with the semantics of prefixes in Czech verbal neologisms. The first part describes verbal prefixation, the classification of prefixes, and their principal functions. Subsequently, polysemy, collocability and valency of prefixed verbs are characterized. The following section discusses the methodology, and characterizes the electronic neological database Neomat, which is the primary source of material for the thesis. The subject of analysis is neological verbs with prefixes od-, pro- and vy-. The meanings of these prefixes are described in relation to the collocability, valency and polysemy of prefixed verbs. The analysis aims to identify the principal meanings of the prefixes and to determine whether there are any meanings which have not been presented in any paper yet. Key words: neologism, nonce word, prefix, semantics, verb, word formation

Verb-noun compounds in Italian and in Portuguese. Verb-noun compounding represents from the synchronic aspect a very productive word-formation process. The research in corpus La Repubblica and CETEMPúblico revealed that according to the number of created lemmas in both languages the most efficient type is porta+N. In Italian follow types as salva+N, mangia+N, acchiappa+N and ammazza+N, in Portuguese caça+N, guarda+N a papa+N. Compound V-N is clasified as subordinate and exocentric. Subject, to which Italian and Portuguese compound V-N is referring to, is the most often an instrument. In Portuguese a referent category of plants and animals is also present very frequently. The compound elements in Italian are usually amalgamated, in contrast to Portuguese where forms with hyphen are the most common. The output category of V-N formation is a substantive which is mostly in unmarked gender and in invariable plural form. In syntax the compound can perform both function of a substantive and an adjective. Compounds as noun-modifiers occur mostly at very productive types.

The aim of this diploma thesis is to prove that augmentative and diminutive suffixes are not always just bearers of senses "big" / "of big size", in the case of augmentative suffixes, and "small" / "of small size", in the case of diminutive suffixes, and that they can also be accompanied by various connotations. The thesis is divided into several parts. The first part is concentrated on the topic of the morpheme in Portuguese in general. The next two parts are dedicated to particular augmentative and diminutive suffixes, concretely to their origin and especially to their specifics. Fundamental is the last part which focuses on the systematization of the senses of suffixes mentioned in previous chapters. Key words: word-formation, derivation, suffixes, augmentative suffixes, diminutive suffixes, connotation

In our culture today so much depends upon one being able to understand what is happening inthe community and also the larger units of society. Much of this understanding is gained through one's reading ability. It is the responsibility of the school to give the child certain skills and techniques in reading in order that he may make the maximum personal growth, thus enabling him to make a worthwhile contribution in our democratic way of life. The writer feels that one's ability to read is one of the most important, if the the most important, tool in every phase of development. Each teacher should recognize that definite instruction in word attack and word meanings must be given continuously if one is to attain this satisfying stage in one's growth. / "A Paper." / "Submitted to the Graduate Council of Florida State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts under Plan II." / Advisor: W. Edwards, Professor Directing Paper. / "August, 1949." / Typescript. / Includes bibliographical references.

The dissertation considers the occasionalisms created by Victor Pelеvin in his dystopia novel «S.N.U.F.F.», their structure, mode of word-building is analyzed. It is proved that the occasional lexicon in the novel is characterized by semantic multilayered and multivariate interpretation. The presented thematic classification of proper names used in the novel shows that the creative dominant of the writer is a high level of play with the word, which requires an appropriate level of intelligence and erudition of the reader. / В магистерской диссертации рассматриваются окказионализмы, созданные Виктором Пелевином в его романе-антиутопии «S.N.U.F.F.», анализируется их структура и способы словообразования. Доказано, что окказиональная лексика в романе характеризуется смысловой многослойностью и многовариантностью толкования. Представленная тематическая классификация имен собственных, используемых в романе, показывает, что креативной доминантой писателя является высокий уровень игры со словом, который требует соответствующего уровня интеллекта и эрудиции читателя.

Работа посвящена одной из актуальных проблем современной лингвистики – усвоению иноязычных элементов русским языком. В работе осуществлен комплексный анализ слов с иноязычными суффиксами -абельн-, -ибельн- в диахронии и синхронии: рассмотрена история появления слов с данными суффиксами в русском языке, выявлены пути пополнения словарного состава языка лексемами с суффиксами -абельн-, -ибельн-, исследован процесс фонетической, грамматической и семантической адаптации слов с данными формантами в русском языке, охарактеризованы модификации словообразовательного значения, описана продуктивность данных суффиксов. Для того, чтобы определить степень освоенности суффиксов -абельн-, -ибельн- рядовыми носителями языка, были исследованы проявления функционирования метаязыкового сознания носителей языка в отношении слов с этими суффиксами. В приложении представлен словарь с суффиксами -абельн-, -ибельн-. / This master’s degree paper studies the assimilation of borrowed morphemes by the Russian language. The work presents a diachronic and synchronic comprehensive analysis of words with the suffixes -абельн-, -ибельн-. The author considers the history of words with these suffixes in the Russian language, the ways of replenishing the vocabulary with lexemes containing these suffixes, the process of phonetic, grammatical and semantic adaptation of words with these morphemes. The meaning modifications of the formants -абельн-, -ибельн- are characterized in the Russian language, which makes it possible to describe the productivity of these suffixes. In order to determine the degree of native speakers’ being familiar with the suffixes studied, there are investigated the manifestations of the metalanguage consciousness functioning in relation to corresponding lexemes. The appendix contains a dictionary of Russian words with the suffixes -абельн-, -ибельн-.

The main topic of this thesis are the multiword expressions in the italian language. The thesis is divided into two parts - the theorical and the empirical part. The theorical part deals with the multiword expressions, the syntagmas and the idiomatic expressions. In the empirical part the connections between the constituents of the multiword expressions will be researched. Than four criteria will be on the multiword expressions applied (head inflection, insertion of the head's modifiers, pronominalisation of the head and dislocation and topicalization of the head). These transformations will be verified with the aid of corpora and questionnaires. Depending on the results of this research will be decided if the multiword expressions resemble the syntagmas or the idiomatic expressions.

The topic of this thesis is the linguistic analysis of the Apollonius of Tyre novel contained in the Pinvicka collection, which comes from the second half of the 15th century. During the creation of the thesis is used especially the qualitative textual analysis, which is in the major part of the thesis supplemented by the quantitative statistical analysis. Opening parts of the thesis represent general information about the Pinvicka collection, in which is contained the analysed literary landmark, and about the literary landmark itself. Follows the detailed analysis of the orthography and of all linguistic layers, i.e. phonology, morphology, syntax and word formation. Every linguistic layer and the orthography are elaborated in a separate chapter. At the end of each chapter is the summary of the achieved results, which includes also charts and tables. In the chapter, which is devoted to the orthography, is primarily payd attention to the speech sounds, for which is typical disunited way of transcript. In the phonological part are treated phonic changes, which are realized in the text. The morphological part of the thesis is concerned with representation of word classes and particulary with grammatical cathegories of nouns and verbs. In the chapter, which treats syntactic plane, are analysed compound...