The vasodilatory effects of nitric oxide (NO) have attracted a lot of attention from many investigators who are interested in treatment for cardiovascular disease or hypertension. Recently, however, NO has drawn the attention of people who are looking for new avenues to improve their health, as well as effective ways to enhance exercise performance. In particular, NO, a potent vasodilator, is known to regulate blood flow to active muscles and improve muscle contractile efficiency during exercise, allowing participants to exercise much longer with less fatigue. Neo40TM contains 420mg of a nitric oxide blend with 75mg of caffeine. Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to investigate the effects of Neo40TM on cycling time trial performance and exercise efficiency in 15 moderately trained cyclists. The protocol was a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, two-period, within-subjects crossover study. The treatments were Neo40TM, and a non-caloric similarly favored placebo (PLA). Fifteen participants were randomly assigned to ingest a Neo40 TM or PLA in lozenge form. Exercise performance was assessed by time to complete a simulated 20.15km time-trial course. Exercise efficiency was also measured by VO2 and lactate accumulation at standardized submaximal steady-state exercise intensities. Time-trial performance was enhanced by 2.1% when participants consumed Neo40TM compared to a PLA without a significant difference in rating of perceived exertion (RPE). Time to complete 6km, 10km, 19.5km and 20.15km of cycling was analyzed by gender. A significant difference was found in female subjects at all time points, but not in male subjects. We did not find significant treatment effects for VO2, respiratory exchange ratio (RER), RPE, heart rate (HR) and lactate concentration during steady state exercise. In conclusion, acute supplementation with Neo40TM improved time-trial performance by an average of 2.1% although there were no treatment effects in regards to factors related to work efficiency. / text

<p>Syftet med studien är att beslysa de anställdas upplevelse av en påtvingad förändring vid en omställningsprocess och hur processen har hanterats, från att informationen kommit ut om varsel samt till att personer som skall sluta har informerats. Intervjuer med medarbetarna på företaget har genomförts och knutits ihop med relevant teori. Studien är begränsad till medarbetare och deras synpunkt kring förändring. Den kvalitativa metoden har valts och via intervjuer kom det fram upplysningar som varit värdefulla för att försöka erhålla en förståelse för de berördas upplevelser av omställningsprocessen. Resultatet har visat att bristen eller otydligheten i informationen och kommunikationen har varit det mest kritiska i hela processen. En tystnad rådde under hela processen och de anställda uppfattade sig inte ha någon representant de kunde samtala med och som var insatt i processen. Hela processen kännetecknades av en oro och en mängd spekulationer om vad som skulle hända pågick.</p> / <p>The purpose is to illustrate the feelings co-workers have when facing a forced change and how the process has been handled, starting from the information coming out about giving notice as to identifying the people that need to leave the organization. Interviews with co-workers have been performed and have been connected with relevant theory. The study is limited to the co-workers and their view on change. It is a qualitative study and collection of information was carried out through interviews with employees that have been given notice. The result show that the lack of information has been the most crucial point during the whole process. There was a silence during the whole process and the employees felt they had no representative to talk to regarding more information of what was going to happen. The period was featured by anxiety and rumours about what was going to happen.</p>

Syftet med studien är att beslysa de anställdas upplevelse av en påtvingad förändring vid en omställningsprocess och hur processen har hanterats, från att informationen kommit ut om varsel samt till att personer som skall sluta har informerats. Intervjuer med medarbetarna på företaget har genomförts och knutits ihop med relevant teori. Studien är begränsad till medarbetare och deras synpunkt kring förändring. Den kvalitativa metoden har valts och via intervjuer kom det fram upplysningar som varit värdefulla för att försöka erhålla en förståelse för de berördas upplevelser av omställningsprocessen. Resultatet har visat att bristen eller otydligheten i informationen och kommunikationen har varit det mest kritiska i hela processen. En tystnad rådde under hela processen och de anställda uppfattade sig inte ha någon representant de kunde samtala med och som var insatt i processen. Hela processen kännetecknades av en oro och en mängd spekulationer om vad som skulle hända pågick. / The purpose is to illustrate the feelings co-workers have when facing a forced change and how the process has been handled, starting from the information coming out about giving notice as to identifying the people that need to leave the organization. Interviews with co-workers have been performed and have been connected with relevant theory. The study is limited to the co-workers and their view on change. It is a qualitative study and collection of information was carried out through interviews with employees that have been given notice. The result show that the lack of information has been the most crucial point during the whole process. There was a silence during the whole process and the employees felt they had no representative to talk to regarding more information of what was going to happen. The period was featured by anxiety and rumours about what was going to happen.

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether 3 days of dietary nitrate supplementation has positive effects on exercise performance and energy metabolism at rest and during strenuous knee exercise, and exercise recovery. The experimental protocol was a double blind, placebo-controlled, two-period, and within-subjects design. Fourteen healthy nonsmoking males (22.71 ± 0.72yr, 72.93 ± 2.35kg, and 47.67 ± 1.56 ml/kg/min VO2max) participated in the study. Two supplements (nitrate lozenge; NO-L or placebo; PLA) were orally administrated randomly at 48 and 24 hours before each trial day and again 40 minutes before each exercise trial. Total work, peak torque, and respiratory gases were automatically collected during repeated knee extensions/flexions (isokinetic concentric contractions with dominant leg; 4 sets of 28 repetitions at 180°/sec with 30 sec rest intervals) and recovery (6 contractions of 1 repetition maximum with 120 vii sec between contractions). For these results, peak torque, rate of fatigue, work efficiency, and rate of recovery were calculated. Blood specimens were collected at rest before and after the treatment, post exercise, and end of recovery to track the changes in blood glucose and lactate concentrations. There was a significant inverse correlation for total work during knee extension exercise and oxygen consumption (PLA: r = -.560 and NO-L: r = -.546; p < .01, respectively). During the exercise, RER was significantly higher for PLA compared with NO-L (PLA: 1.42 ± 0.02 vs. NO-L: 1.38 ± 0.02: p = .03). Work within each set and total work performed were higher for NO-L, but these differences were not significant. However, NO-L enhanced exercise efficiency by 3.3% when compared with PLA (PLA: 2497.5 ± 134.56 ft-lb/L/min vs. NO-L: 2578.7 ± 132.24 ftlb/L/min; p = .05). Extensor peak torque recovery rate slope was not significant, but meaningfully faster for NO-L (PLA: 2.39 ± 0.52% vs. NO-L: 3.06 ± 0.54%; p = .09) and significant interaction effect (p = .02) was found during recovery contractions, especially from contractions 2 to 3 (p = .03). It is also worth noting that differences in time to peak torque during knee extension exercise for NO-L and PLA approached significances (PLA: 0.213 ± 0.01 sec vs. NO-L: 0.200 ± 0.01 sec; p = .08). The results suggest that 3 days of dietary nitrate supplementation improves rate of exercise recovery and enhances work efficiency during vigorous resistance exercise. / text

It is well known that Nordic countries are among the world’s happiest countries. Because of the high welfare, social equality, more freedom and so on. But there are also many people living outside the Nordic countries, and there is a big question about why people in such a comfortable country would want to work, because the state provides good welfare to the poor even if they do not work. Therefore, the aim of this thesis is to understand what motivates people work in Nordic countries and what affects their work efficiency, how work and life can achieve a balance. Whether a person is willing to work or not depends on his/her attitude and thoughts, which comes not only from the social environment but also from the organizational environment. When people are in a fair and free society, their attitudes about work are more from organization. The organizational environment is influenced by the organizational culture. Therefore, there is no doubt that organizational culture influences employees’ work attitudes. A good organizational culture stimulates employees to work harder, thus improving their work efficiency. A bad organizational culture reduces work efficiency by making people more negative about their work. In real life, people’s lives revolve not only around work, but also other aspects that require investment of energy and time. For example, how to run a good life, how to maintain a healthy lifestyle. This takes into account a person’s role at different times and places. Concentrate on finishing work at work and take care of your family and yourself in life. Therefore, only by harmonizing work and life balance can we improve work efficiency and maintain a healthy lifestyle. Therefore, this thesis adopts the case analysis method to investigate an personal assistance organization. Through the investigation of this organization, we learned about employees’ views on organizational culture, the influence of organizational culture on their work efficiency and their choice of both work and life. After that, qualitative analysis was used to further analyze the research results, so as to find out the influence of organizational culture on work efficiency and how to balance work and life, so as to have a healthy lifestyle. In what follows I will review the previous literature and relevant theory, in order to understand the current status of organizational culture and work efficiency and lifestyle. After that I will present the results can conduct interviews to find out the impact of organizational culture on work efficiency and lifestyle.

The tagets of this thesis were to test with a chosen organization's staff how much self-efficacy depending of particular tasks affected the quality of fulfilling those tasks, to recommend suitable methods of increasing self-efficacy and to suggest a method of task formulation corresponding to social cognitive theory of man in organization. The research was done at a particular section of fiscal administration. The requisite information was obtained by questionnaire method, the received dates were compiled by the suitable statistical methods. The consequent results allowed to say there was no positive relation betwen self-efficacy during fulfilling particular tasks and the efficiency of the particular section's offices. One of the most important results was that self-efficacy itself did not affect the efficiency of the particular offices. The differences in the efficiency resulted from the managers'work. The thesis includes recommendations resulted from its targets.

The thesis deals with the determination and analysis of management style in the selected work-group, employee satisfaction and identifying work efficiency. A partial goal was to divide employees to two groups according to their happiness. The first group included happy employees and the second group included unhappy employees. The next step was to identify the factors of each group that influence satisfaction of the workers the most. The theoretical part contains the theoretical knowledge of psychology and sociology with a focus on the definition of working groups, management styles and work efficiency. The practical part summarizes the author's own research, based on which the author analyzed the style of management, satisfaction of workers, with various aspects of management style and other factors, which to some extent affect their overall satisfaction, overall efficiency and effectiveness of each individual worker. Finally, the overall effectiveness of the selected group was detected.

This study examines how a pleasent office can be designed to promote health, well-being and work efficiency. The study aims to provide office workers with an insight into their work situation and how it affects them. Also how companies, thru architectural- and design features can create a supportive office environment.  The study adresses the following questions: "What qualitites in architecture and interior design are the most important for good health, well-being and work efficiency at an office?" and "Which office type is the most preferable according to the results of the study?".  Based on the implemented theory, survey and interview, the study identifies the modern cell office with a permanent workplace as the most adventageous type. Additionally, the hybrid office with cell office influences combined with a permanent workplace is an advantageous type in relation to good health, well-being and work efficiency. An example of an office has been created where the highest grade possible is achieved. This from a rating template that is based on the results of the study. Designing an office is a complex task that requires fulfilment of various aspects to reach a good grade and therefore, a pleasant office.

An aim of this work was to prove an influence of the work satisfaction to the positive behaviour of employees. A theoretical part describes the concept of the work satisfaction and the behaviour of satisfied workers and not satisfied ones. At the beginning of a practical part there are characterized the aim of the work and the way of collecting some pieces of information. There had been determined five hypotheses, which were confirmed or contradicted during the practical work. In this part there were also described both companies and social advantages, which they provide to their employees in this part. The manufacturing company produces products made of wood and the non-manufacturing company buys and sells stationary products. The research of the work satisfaction was made during the summer 2007. There were 25 workers in the manufacturing company and 24 workers in the second company during the tracked period, the majority of them in both companies took a part in my research. For the research there was used a questionnaire, which contains a lot of questions, aimed at the satisfaction with work conditions.

The aim of the work is to compare with the help of appropriately chosen procedural parameters the work efficiency of work groups, which are managed in a different way under the conditions of a change, and at the same time to establish possible connection between the management style and work efficiency. The research was made in Rohde & Schwarz Company, branch Vimperk Ltd.