The advance of technology brings the flourish and vigor in economy to global market. It also changes the way we do business. Every company is struggle to gain the competitive advantage. Peter Drucker (1999), a management master, points out that in the 21st century, the most valuable assets of an organization are knowledge workers and the productivity of knowledge workers. Last ten years, high-tech industries become the main force in Taiwan. However, there are some attributes under this industry that make employees hard to differentiate between work and life, for example, short period of product life cycle, nonstop product line and so on. The researches from Fassel(1990), Schaef & Fassel(1988) indicate that some companies are workaholics itself. Schneider(1987) thought that people will stay in a company suitable to himself/herself longer due to attraction-selection-attrition theory. Many researches pointed out that workaholics are more involved in work than other workers.(Fassel, 1990; Scott et al., 1997; Spence & Robbins, 1992). Therefore, maximizing the efforts from workaholics is an challenge. In this study, workaholism is defined as an independent variable. Other variables like health, work-family conflict and job performance are as independent variables. Besides, personal attributes and job characteristics are defined as antecedents. This study will take 136 engineers in high-tech industry to examine the effect of workaholism on other dependent variables, like health, work-family conflict and job performance. The findings in this study are as follows: 1. After using factor analysis to examine three dimensions of wokaholism from Spence & Robbins(1992), the result points out that job involvement is an unstable factor, but work enjoyment and driveness are applicable to this study. 2. The hypothesis that there is a significant effect of health on work enjoyment and driveness is partly supported. Driveness is a risk factor related to health because it has a negativ effect on general health, social function and mental health. Besides, work enjoyment has a positive effect to general health, vitality, social function and mental health. 3. The hypothesis that there is a significant effect of work-family conflict on work enjoyment and driveness is supported. Work enjoyment has a negative effect on work-family conflict. However, driveness has a positive effect on work-family conflict. 4. The hypothesis that there is a significant effect of job performance on work enjoyment and driveness is partly supported. Work enjoyment has a positive effect on task and contextual performance. However, driveness has a positive effect on contextual performance. 5. The hypothesis that there are significant differences in work enjoyment and driveness among personal attributes is partly supported. No significant difference was found in work enjoyment among personal attributes. In addition, there is a significant difference for marital status in driveness. The married workers experience a higher level of driveness than unmarried workers. 6. The hypothesis that there is a significant effect of job characteristics in work enjoyment and driveness is partly supported. The result indicates that time control is positively related to work enjoyment. Monitoring demand and product responsibility are positively related to driveness. Method control is negatively related to driveness. 7. After using cluster analysis, three types of workaholics are identified in this study. They are enthusiastic workers, disenchanted workers and relaxed workers.¡@Among three types of workaholics, enthusiastic workers have a better health condition, job performance and a lower level in work-family conflict than other two types of workaholics. Furthermore, enthusiastic workers have a higher level in time control and method control than disenchanted workers.

RD&E professionals will lead the direction of industries in Taiwan and also are the key factor of affecting business¡¦ survival in the future. This study explores the effects of RD&E professionals¡¦ work value, perfectionism, workaholism, and money ethic on professional commitment, pay satisfaction, and work performance. There are 1029 copies of valid samples obtained out of 2209 copies of bulk samples. The Pearson Correlation Analysis and the Blocked Regression Analysis are used to examine the hypotheses of this research and the findings of this study indicate that: 1. Work value, Perfectionism, Workaholism, and Money Ethic have a significant forecast ability on predicting dependent variables. 2. Work Value has a significant positive influence on the professional identification and involvement, the willingness to stay in the same profession, pay satisfaction, and work performance. 3. Personal Standards has a significant positive influence on the professional identification and involvement, the willingness to stay in the same profession, and work performance; Personal Standards has a significant negative influence on pay satisfaction. 4. Concern over Mistakes has a significant negative influence on the professional involvement, and work performance; Concern over Mistakes has a significant positive influence on the willingness to stay in the same profession. 5. Doubts about Actions has a significant negative influence on the willingness to stay in the same profession, and work performance; Doubts about Actions has a significant positive influence on the professional identification. 6. Parental Expectations has a significant positive influence on pay satisfaction. 7. Parental Criticism has a significant negative influence on the professional identification and involvement, and the willingness to stay in the same profession. 8. Non-Required Work has a significant positive influence on the professional identification and involvement, and work performance. 9. Control of Others has a significant positive influence on the professional identification and involvement, and work performance; Control of Others has a significant negative influence on the willingness to stay in the same profession. 10. Rich/Motivators has a significant negative influence on pay satisfaction, and work performance; Rich/Motivators has a significant positive influence on the professional involvement. 11. Making Money has a significant negative influence on the willingness to stay in the same profession; Making Money has a significant positive influence on the professional identification and involvement, and work performance. 12. Intrinsic Motivation has a significant positive influence on the professional identification, and pay satisfaction.

This thesis deals with the issue of mental hygiene of the construction engineering manager from various angles. The theoretical part defines and describes characteristics of management and mental hygiene. The practical part contains hypothesis related to mental hygiene. Based on the hypothesis, there was compiled and evaluated a questionnaire. That was the main basis for the evaluation of hypotheses. The result is a summary of findings about mental hygiene of the construction engineering managers.

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The continuous alignment of human resource strategies, activities. processes and competencies within an ever-changing business environment poses certain challenges for the human resource profession in a global petrochemical industry. Modem business managers have realised the necessity of work wellness initiatives and that a relationship exists between employee wellness and business results, but very few companies measure whether such initiatives actually had any impact on work performance. Defining performance indicators and competence models for human resource practitioners has developed into a dynamic activity. Adaptation to continuously changing business needs has the potential to create a sense of incompetence, exhaustion, decreased motivation and dysfunctional work attitudes, collective1y defined as burnout. This highlights the need to identify and research psychological constructs that hold predictable value for the ability of human resource practitioners to prevent and overcome burnout by generating sufficient emotional energy to adapt to changing business needs, acquiring strategic human resource competencies to increase their feelings of professional efficacy and increasing their contribution towards organisational performance. The objective of this study was to determine perceived importance and actual performance of human resource practitioners in a global petrochemical company in terms of human resource roles, and to determine the influence of work wellness (burnout, engagement and workaholism) on the perceived value adding contribution of human resource practitioners in a global petrochemical company. The research method for each of the three articles of this study consisted of a brief literature review and an empirical study. Stratified samples were taken of human resource personnel (N = 128) and their internal line customers (N = 67). The measuring instruments used in this study included the Ulrich Human Resource Role Assessment Survey (HRRAS), Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS), Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES) and the Workaholism Scale. Article I compared perceptions of human resource practitioners and their internal customers regarding expected and actual contributions of human resource practitioners towards business performance in a global petrochemical company. It was found that human resource practitioners and their line customers are in agreement concerning the importance of the human resource roles that enable business performance, indicating that human resource practitioners have a good understanding of their job requirements. Both human resource practitioners and their line customers perceived the performance of human resource practitioners as average, which is lower than the expected level of performance as indicated by importance scales. In Article 2, a correlation study revealed that burnout (Exhaustion, Professional Efficacy and Cynicism) statistically significantly predicted the perceived level of performance of human resource practitioners in the organisation. It was found that Cynicism was a statistically significant predictor of the perceived level of performance of human resource practitioners in the organisation in terms of all the human resource roles (Strategic Partnering, Administrative Support, Employee Support and Change Management). Vigour and Dedication statistically significantly predicted perceived performance on the Administrative Support role. In Article 3, a three-factor model of workaholism (consisting of Compulsiveness, Involvement and Overwork) was found which showed positive relationship with burnout factors. Statistical analysis indicated that workaholism factors of the Workaholism Scale practically significantly correlate. Multiple regression analysis showed that burnout and workaholism factors can explain perceptions of human resource practitioner performance. Recommendations were made for future research. / Thesis (Ph.D. (Industrial Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007.

Thesis (Ph.D. (Industrial Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007.

The purpose of the present study is to find the relationship between characteristics of working life such as job demands (e.g. workload), and job resources (e.g. colleague support) and job attachments of employees, such as burnout, work engagement, and workaholism. Moreover, the effects of work characteristics on physical health, organizational commitment and work-family balance are investigated. Additionally, the relationship between three major employee attachment styles to work, namely, burnout, workaholism and work engagement was examined. Psychometric qualities of the main study scales were established through a pilot study. Data for the main study were collected from 266 Turkish hotel and health care service employees. The results of regression analyses showed that job demands have effect on burnout and work engagement / whereas job resources are related to increased workaholism and decreased burnout. Work engagement predicted physical well-being, increased organizational commitment, and work-family harmony whereas burnout had a negative effect on these outcomes. Workaholism was related only to organizational commitment. Mediation analyses showed that burnout mediated between job demands, and resources and perceived health, organizational commitment and work-family harmony, whereas work engagement mediated only between job resources and the above consequences. A proposed job stress framework was tested through Job Demand and Resources (JD-R) Model. Structural Equation Modeling results exhibited good fit to the model, thus providing support for employee well-being aspect of JD-R Model. The analyses also showed that burnout, workaholism and work engagement are different constructs. Implications for managers, limitations of the study and suggestions for future studies were presented.

Tyrimo tikslas – nustatyti įsitraukimo į darbą aspektų (pozityviojo įsitraukimo į darbą, negatyviojo įsitraukimo į darbą) ir profesinio pervargimo sąsajas. Tyrime dalyvavo 332 įvairias pareigas užimantys darbuotojai, iš jų 70 vyrų (amžiaus vid.= 42,23; SD = 13,037) ir 259 moterys (amžiaus vid.= 40,26; SD = 11,51), 3 tirti asmenys lyties nenurodė. Pozityvusis įsitraukimas į darbą buvo matuojamas naudojant Utrecht pozityviojo įsitraukimo į darbą klausimyną (Utrecht work engagement scale - UWES; Schaufeli ir Bakker, 2003). Negatyvusis įsitraukimas į darbą buvo matuojamas naudojant Priklausomybės nuo darbo rizikos klausimyną (Work addiction risk test - WART; Robinson, 1999, modifikuota Flowers ir Robinson, 2002). Profesinis pervargimas buvo matuojamas Kopenhagos Profesinio pervargimo klausimynu (Copenhagen Burnout Inventory – CBI; Borritz, Kristensen, 2004). Pagrindiniai tyrimo rezultatai parodė, kad pozityvusis įsitraukimas į darbą, negatyvusis įsitraukimas į darbą ir profesinis pervargimas yra trys atskiri, tačiau tarpusavyje susiję reiškiniai: energingumas (pozityviojo įsitraukimo į darbą komponentas) susijęs su profesiniu pervargimu, pasinėrimas į darbą (pozityviojo įsitraukimo į darbą komponentas) - su negatyviuoju įsitraukimu į darbą, su klientais susijęs pervargimas (profesinio pervargimo komponentas) – su sutrikusia komunikacija (negatyviojo įsitraukimo į darbą komponentas). Taip pat nustatyta, jog profesinį pervargimą prognozuoja įsitraukimo į darbą aspektai:... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The aim of the study was to identify the relationship among aspects of employee's work involvement and burnout. The participants of the present study were 332 employees of a different work domains (259 females and 70 males). Utrecht work engagement scale - UWES (Schaufeli & Bakker, 2003) was used to measure work engagement. Work addiction risk test – WART (Robinson, 1999; modified by Flowers & Robinson, 2002) was used to measure workaholism. The Copenhagen Burnout Inventory – CBI, (Borritz & Kristensen, 2004) was used to measure burnout. Major research findings showed that work engagement, workaholism and burnout were three distinct, but related concepts: vigor (component of work engagement) was related to burnout; absorption (component of work engagement) was related to workaholism; client - related burnout (component of burnout) was related to impaired communications (component of workaholism). Similarly, it was determined that burnout was predicted by aspects of work involvement: work engagement predicted decreases of burnout; workaholism predicted increases of burnout.