Orientador: Reginaldo Carmello Correa de Moraes / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-10T02:30:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Menezes_HenriqueZeferinode_M.pdf: 1177686 bytes, checksum: 4841fc8de33bb72bacd2d66026718bc3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: Esse trabalho analisa a crise do desenvolvimento brasileiro precipitada com a crise econômica e financeira internacional da década de oitenta. Buscamos apresentar os efeitos das transformações nas relações internacionais sobre a crise do endividamento brasileiro e o papel desempenhado pelas instituições internacionais - Fundo Monetário Internacional e Banco Mundial - no processo de renegociação da dívida brasileira com os bancos comerciais e na condução da política econômica brasileira para a manutenção das transferências de recursos aos países desenvolvidos. Buscamos ainda enfatizar as peculiaridades do modelo de desenvolvimento via endividamento do Brasil / Abstract: This work analyzes the Brazilian development crisis hastened with the economic and financial international crisis in the 1980s. We aimed to show the effects of the transformations in international relations in the Brazilian debt crisis;. and the role played by international institutions - International Monetary Fund and World Bank - in the process of enegotiation 01 the Brazilian debt with commercial banks and in the driving 01 B7 economics for the sustentation of international transfers of resources to the developed world. We aimed to emphasize the peculiarities of the Brazilian model of development by indebtness / Mestrado / Relações Internacionais / Mestre em Relações Internacionais

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-23T14:36:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rutineia Jacob de Melo.pdf: 1468876 bytes, checksum: c4ee5dfa9069e4a9ea549e4bbf85ccf5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-06-22 / The aim of this work is to analyze the ideological and political format of the Ministry of Health (MS) discourse about Primary Health Care (APS) and Basic Health Care (AB), with a view to unveiling the context in which such discourse emerges. The analysis focuses on the following questions: why is it that the MS assumes that AB is synonymous with APS, which rationales underlies this assumption and what were the implications of this point of view for the adoption of the Family Health Strategy (ESF), during the 1993-2007 period. Following the analysis, a documental research was carried out. Reference for this analysis was the wider context of the Brasilian health policies. Within such context an attempt has been made to grasp the concrete meaning of APS, considering their insertion in the Unified Health System (SUS), as well as their abstract dimension, in terms of the ideological definition perceived in the documents produced by the World Health Organization (OMS), Panamerican Health Organization (OPAS) and by the MS. The data have revealed that what is prevalent in Brazil is a reductionist interpretation of APS, focused on a basic basket of services recommended by the World Bank (BM) to the peripherical countries; APS can be looked at from multiple viewpoints and lends itself to different interpretations, all of them intersected by political, ideological and theoretical issues as well as by different sanitary practices. Yet that discourse does not cover the whole scope of practices derived from the guidelines proposed in the Alma-Ata Declaration. It further points out that discourse is emphatically states the principles upheld by SUS, including the concept of an all-inclusive APS, it prioritizes a marketing perspective of health. Besides demonstrating that the discussion is restricted to the AB scope, held to be synonymous with APS, with the purpose of hiding its reductionist nature. As the political and economic aspects of the question are not considered, is left out of the discussion, thus denying the responsibilities inherent to the State and therefore reducing its social role. There is evidence that the health services are fragmentary and that the implementation of EFS is affected by problems such as the underfunding of the health sector together with the precarious conditions of the work relationships. It also hides rationales such as shared social responsibility for the services rendered and for the administration of the public sector, in the interest of cost reduction, while it overemphasizes the family and the ACS work and the election of basic services as an absolute priority. The MS seems to adopt the assumption that a new terminology will automatically change practices, with no consideration for structural aspects such as low quality services, social inequality and unfair income distribution, factors which, together, make for the permanence of all the iniquities inflicted on the population. As no effort is made to face the more general economic and social determinations of the health-disease possesses, the problems detected require actions not only within the health care system itself. Summing up, in spite of the positive discourse of MS and the innovations proposed, no significant changes have been noticed to emerge in the health system, which has in fact remained medic-centered model. / Objetivou analisar as dimensões ideológica e política que formatam os discursos do Ministério da Saúde (MS) sobre a Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) e a Atenção Básica à Saúde (AB), visando desvendar qual o contexto no qual esses discursos se inserem, porque o MS defende a AB como sinônima de APS, que racionalidades são engendradas e que implicações os mesmos têm sobre a implantação da Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF), no período temporal de 1993 a 2007. Foi realizada pesquisa documental procedida de análise do conteúdo. No contexto das políticas de saúde brasileira a análise buscou captar tanto o significado concreto da APS, outorgado por sua inserção no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), bem como sua dimensão abstrata, ou seja, a definição ideológica percebida nos documentos da Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS), Organização Pan-Americana de Saúde (OPAS) e do MS. Como resultados, verificou-se que no Brasil prevalece uma interpretação reducionista da APS, focada na cesta básica de serviços preconizada pelo Banco Mundial (BM) aos países periféricos; que a APS possui múltiplos olhares e diferentes interpretações, perpassadas por questões políticas, ideológicas, teóricas e práticas sanitárias distintas, sem que o discurso alcance a ampla aplicação da orientação proposta na Declaração de Alma-Ata; que, mesmo reafirmando uma APS abrangente, presente nos princípios do SUS, a perspectiva mercadológica da saúde é priorizada, evidenciando que a discussão limita-se ao âmbito da AB, defendida como sinônima de APS, com a intenção de ocultar o caráter reducionista que a está revestindo, sem considerar os aspectos políticos e econômicos, logo, não discutindo a crescente desresponsabilização do Estado e a conseqüente refuncionalização de seu papel no âmbito social. Isso implica em questões como o subfinanciamento do setor saúde, a redução de custos e a precarização das relações de trabalho, que, dentre outros, atravessam a implantação da ESF e demonstram a fragmentação dos serviços de saúde. Os discursos ocultam ainda algumas racionalidades, dentre as quais a co-responsabilização social pelos serviços e pela gestão pública, a ênfase na família e no trabalho dos Agentes Comunitários de Saúde (ACS) e a prioridade em ações básicas. Considerou-se, por fim, que o MS assume a postura de que ao mudar a terminologia de APS para AB, as práticas de saúde automaticamente mudariam, desconsiderando assim aspectos estruturais como a baixa qualidade do atendimento, a desigualdade social e a má distribuição de renda que convergem para que as iniqüidades em saúde permaneçam, pois não se enfrentam as determinações econômicas e sociais mais gerais dos processos saúde-doença, o que demandaria ações não apenas no sistema de atenção à saúde. Em suma, apesar das mudanças propostas e dos aspectos positivos e inovadores que revestem os discursos do MS, não ocorreram mudanças significativas no sistema de saúde, prevalecendo até o momento o modelo médico-centrado.

Submitted by Eliene Soares da Silva (eliene.silva@fgv.br) on 2018-07-16T15:03:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 VictoriaVillela_TCC_MPGI_Final.pdf: 954658 bytes, checksum: c46e866e35165ffdf48ba30a7d8f8555 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Pamela Beltran Tonsa (pamela.tonsa@fgv.br) on 2018-07-16T17:53:39Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 VictoriaVillela_TCC_MPGI_Final.pdf: 954658 bytes, checksum: c46e866e35165ffdf48ba30a7d8f8555 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Suzane Guimarães (suzane.guimaraes@fgv.br) on 2018-07-17T12:32:41Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 VictoriaVillela_TCC_MPGI_Final.pdf: 954658 bytes, checksum: c46e866e35165ffdf48ba30a7d8f8555 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-17T12:32:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 VictoriaVillela_TCC_MPGI_Final.pdf: 954658 bytes, checksum: c46e866e35165ffdf48ba30a7d8f8555 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-07 / This thesis compares the stand-alone safeguard policies for indigenous peoples provided by the World Bank, the Asian Development Bank and the Inter-American Development Bank, in order to propose an indigenous peoples policy for the African Development Bank. It starts by exposing which are indigenous peoples’ rights and how different authors perceive the main document that protects such rights – the United Nations Declarations on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. Subsequently, it discusses which is the role of Multilateral Development Bank in terms of protecting human rights, in order to understand, through a legal point of view, how the responsibilities of such institutions are regarded. Later, the indigenous peoples safeguard policies applied by the 3 above mentioned Banks are compared within them, in order to analyze each of the topics provided by the documents and understand their similarities and differences. The inputs provided by the interviewees are highly constructive to understand some of the weaknesses incorporated not only in the policies, but in some of the Banks’ mechanisms and processes. Some of the weaknesses in the safeguards compliance and the gaps between the written policies and their implementation are also exposed. Finally, this thesis develops a proposal for a standalone indigenous peoples policy for the African Development Bank. / Essa tese compara as políticas de salvaguarda independentes para povos indígenas estabelecidas pelo Banco Mundial, Banco Asiático de Desenvolvimento e Banco Interamericano de Desenvolvimento, a fim de sugerir uma política dedicada aos povos indígenas para o Banco Africano de Desenvolvimento. Inicialmente, são expostos quais são os direitos dos povos indígenas e como diferentes autores interpretam o principal documento que protege tais direitos - a Declaração das Nações Unidas sobre os Direitos dos Povos Indígenas. Posteriormente, discute qual é o papel dos Banco Multilaterais de Desenvolvimento em termos de proteção aos direitos humanos, a fim de entender, de um ponto de vista legal, como são consideradas as responsabilidades de tais instituições. Em seguida, as políticas de salvaguardas dos povos indígenas aplicadas pelos 3 Bancos citados acima são comparadas entre si, a fim de analisar cada um dos tópicos fornecidos pelos documentos e entender suas semelhanças e diferenças. As contribuições fornecidas pelos entrevistados são valiosas para entender algumas das fraquezas incorporadas não apenas nas políticas, mas em alguns mecanismos e processos dos Bancos. Alguns problemas no cumprimento das salvaguardas e as lacunas entre as políticas escritas e sua implementação também estão expostas. Finalmente, uma sugestão para uma política independente de povos indígenas para o Banco Africano de Desenvolvimento é desenvolvida.

Magister Legum - LLM / South Africa

Master thesis deals with functioning and development policy of the World Bank. The main objective is to summarize the Bank's strategies applied during the several decades of its existence and evaluate selected tools that organization uses in the fight against poverty.

Las crisis económicas mundiales surgen en distintos países y los organismos económicos internacionales(OEI) hacen frente a diferentes situaciones en las que las políticas económicas no funcionan adecuadamente y requieren de algún financiamiento para afrontarlas. Su importancia ha impulsado la presente investigación. En un primer momento, se explicará como los marcos regulatorios de los OEI constan de un conjunto de leyes y normas para la ejecución de determinadas operaciones de apoyo con normas internacionales en diversos ámbitos que permiten la estabilidad financiera mundial. Los OEI que destacan en la intervención para afrontar las diferentes crisis económicas son el Fondo Monetario Internacional(FMI), integrado por 184 países miembros que, a través de programas de apoyo y el asesoramiento mediante guías de buenas prácticas, los benefician para hacer frente a la crisis; y el Banco Mundial(BM), con 189 países miembros basa su organización en diferentes instituciones (BIRF, AIF, IFC, MIGA, CIADI) con roles específicos que se ajustan a las necesidades de financiamiento que cada país demanda. En un segundo momento, se explicarán cuáles son las causas principales de las crisis económicas mundiales: la volatilidad en tipo de cambio, las tasas de interés, la ausencia de políticas monetarias adecuadas, el desplome en la bolsa de valores, burbujas inmobiliarias, entre otros. En un último capítulo se revisará los efectos principales: la reducción del salario, empresas en quiebra o procesos de liquidación, fuga de inversionistas, recesión, disminución de inversión pública, e índice de desempleo elevado, entre otros. / International Financial Institutions (IFIs) respond to economic crises in countries where public policies do not work properly and require financing. The regulatory frameworks established for these IFIs are composed of a set of laws and regulations created for the execution of specific support operations that run under the protection of various international treaties in several areas, therefore, allowing global financial stability. The most prominent IFIs in terms of confronting various economic crises are the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank. The IMF is comprised of 184 member countries that, through support programs and advice on good practice guidelines, benefit from facing potential crisis. The World Bank is comprised of 189 member countries as well and it’s an extended family of five institutions: IBRD, IDA, IFC, MIGA, and ICSID. These institutions have specific roles that adjust to the financing needs that each country demands. The main causes of world economic crises are exchange rate volatility, interest rates, the absence of monetary policies, the crash of the stock market, real estate bubbles, among others. The main effects are the reduction of wages, companies in bankruptcy or filing for liquidation, flight of investors, recession, decrease in public investment, high unemployment rate, among others. / Trabajo de Suficiencia Profesional

Many developing countries depend on the World Bank for development assistance, which the Bank often provides with policy reform conditions. Resistance to World Bank’s conditionality caused the Bank to posit “ownership” as a country’s real assent to its development policies. The combination of ownership and conditionality invalidates the neocolonial, false-paradigm and dualism theses in explaining the international dependence development model. This study explains this model by investigating how the relationship between conditionality and ownership in the context of this model impacts forest management in Cameroon. Integrating theoretical and methodological insights mainly from political science, economics, geosciences, and sociology, the study finds that in this model, conditionality and ownership have a hybrid relationship that fosters and hinders effective forest management in Cameroon. This finding positions policy hybridity within this model. It proposes a nouvelle way to understand international development policies’ interactions, and the effects of the interactions on natural resource management.

The key research question explored in this study is: can a state attain its national economic development objectives and at the same time advance the rights of indigenous groups? Examines the tensions and prospects of the coexistence of both the rights of indigenous peoples in Africa and sustainable development with reference to selected case studies and approaches adopted by World Bank (WB) and United Nations Development Programme (UNDP).The broad objectives of the study are: (a) To examine the link between indigenous peoples’ rights and sustainable development, (b) To explore the manner in which the international legal framework and African human rights system responds to the problem of indigenous in development, (c) To analyse key case studies of indigenous rights and development in Kenya, Botswana, and South Africa and explore emerging approaches by the WB and UNDP, (d) To make proposals on mechanisms for mediating indigenous peoples’ rights and national development aspirations. / Thesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa)) -- University of Pretoria, 2007. / A Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Law University of Pretoria, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Masters of Law (LLM in Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa). Prepared under the supervision of Angelo Matusse of the Faculty of Law, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Mozambique. / http://www.chr.up.ac.za/ / Centre for Human Rights / LLM

MAIR / Department of Development Studies / See the attached abstract below

No description available.