This thesis traces the origins of a colonized and militarized Hawai`i, ultimately leading to the years of military rule, 1941-1945. It examines the ways in which the Hawaiian Islands differed from the United States mainland prior to and throughout the war years, and demonstrates that Hawai`i's history is much richer than the "Remember Pearl Harbor" framework acknowledges. Focusing on long time residents (Islanders or locals), rather than on the large population of migrant Americans also in the archipelago during the war, it addresses ways in which military rule controlled and Americanized the people of Hawai`i. Finally, it illuminates the ways in which local stories challenge national ones: How were America and Hawai`i different places in 1941? / Graduate

Child survivors of the Holocaust have only recently been recognized as a distinguishable group of individuals who survived the war with a different experience to the older survivors. This thesis focuses on a specific group of child survivors, those who survived by going into hiding. In hiding, some remained "visible" by hiding within convents, orphanages or with Christian families. Others were physically hidden and had to disappear from sight. Most children often combined these two experiences in their hiding. / The intent of this study was to explore the experience of these hidden children using Giorgi’s empirical phenomenological methodology and to gain a richer understanding of the nature of this experience. Phenomenological analyses of the recorded and transcribed interviews of 11 child survivors were conducted and organized into meaning units which subsequently yielded situated structures from which the general structures evolved. / These analyses revealed that the defining moment of being hidden for these children was the suppression of their identities as Jews. By being hidden, they had to deny the essence of their core selves, including their names, family details and connections to others in an effort to conceal their Jewishness. Other structures to emerge as part of hiding were the pervading fear which enveloped their entire experience in hiding and the sense of suspended normality during this period, which sometimes extended over a period of years. A "cut-offness" and personality constriction seemed to be present throughout the descriptions of these children and appears to have developed as a method of coping with the trauma of their childhood. Overlaying all of this were general insecurities about the capriciousness of the war and the contextual specifics of their actual hiding places to which each child had to adjust. Connections/relationships to another person seemed to be highly significant in the dynamics of the everyday during the experience of hiding and often shaped some of the psychological and emotional experiences of hiddenness.

In 1898 the Philippines became a colony of the United States, the result of American economic expansion throughout the nineteenth century. Having been granted independence in 1946, the nominally sovereign Republic of the Philippines remained inextricably linked to the US through restrictive legislation, military bases, and decades of political and socio-economic patronage. In America’s closest developing world ally, and showcase of democratic values, Filipino President Ferdinand Marcos installed a brutal dictatorship in 1972, dramatically marking the end of democracy there. US foreign policy, from the inception of the US-Philippine partnership, failed to substantially resolve endemic poverty and elite political domination. During the Cold War, the discourse through which State Department policy was conceived helped perpetuate these unequal conditions, whilst also at times explicitly encouraging authoritarian solutions to domestic problems. As the Cold War escalated through the 1960s, especially in Vietnam, US officials insisted the Philippines provide military and ideological solidarity with US Cold War objectives at the expense of effectively addressing the roots of domestic instability. The Philippine example serves as the clearest case of the outcomes and impact of US foreign policy across the developing world, and thus must be considered an essential starting point when considering the United States’ Cold War experience. Based on extensive primary research from across the United Kingdom and the United States, this thesis re-examines and re-connects the historiography of colonialism, neo-colonialism, Southeast Asia, and Cold War studies. Nowhere did the US have such a long and intimate history of influence and partnerships than in the Philippines, and yet Marcos’s regime emerged there; this dissertation presents an analytical lens through which to measure the role of US foreign policy in creating a dictatorship.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-07-27Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:30:33Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_mp_me_bauru.pdf: 5325080 bytes, checksum: da00b45decff4c22fba2de1abdd3872d (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Esta dissertação tem como objetivo observar e analisar a maneira como o semanário O Eco, fundado em 1938, em Lençóis Paulista (300 quilômetros a oeste de São Paulo), cidade fortemente marcada pela imigração italiana, construiu em suas páginas a representação da Segunda Guerra Mundial. Ao optar pelo estudo de uma realidade local, a pesquisa procura entender a dinâmica social em que o jornal se insere para depois decifrar, nas fronteiras delimitadas pelas diferenças culturais e políticas, seu envolvimento com a guerra. Para tanto, a dissertação sustenta-se principalmente nas formulações teóricas de Douglas Kellner, Sergi Moscovici, Laurence Bardin e Luiz Beltrão. Como recorte metodológico foram selecionados 55 editoriais de capa, veiculados entre novembro de 1939 e junho de 1944, com a temática do conflito. A pesquisa discute o papel de dois pontos que compõem o pano de fundo para a atuação do semanário no período: o ambiente de descrença que pesava sobre o jornalismo local na região e a atuação do braço censor do Estado Novo na imprensa brasileira. A análise mostra que embora presentes na pauta do jornal, os assuntos relacionados à guerra integram uma estratégia do veículo de ocultamento de suas posições ideológicas. / The objective of this essay is to observe and analyze how the weekly publication O Eco, founded in 1938 in Lençóis Paulista (300 kilometers to the west of São Paulo), a city marked by the Italian immigration, built in its pages the representation of the World War Two. By choosing the study of a local reality, the research is looking to understand the social dynamics in which the newspaper is inserted to later decipher, on the borders limited by the cultural and political differences, its involvement with the war. For such, the lecture is sustained mainly in the theoretical formulations of Douglas Kellner, Sergi Moscovici, Laurence Bardin and Luiz Beltrão. As a methodological cut, 55 cover editorials were chosen, released between November 1939 and June of 1944, with the theme of the conflict. The research discuss the role of two points that composed the background for the acting of the weekly in the period: the disbelief environment, which was over the local journalism in the area, and the actions of the censor department of the New State in the Brazilian press. The analysis shows that although present in the newspaper's agenda, the subjects related to the war are integrated to a strategy of the newspaper of hiding its ideological positions.

Orientador: Ricardo Alexino Ferreira / Banca: Maximiliano Martin Vicente / Banca: Alice Mitika Koshiyama / Resumo: Esta dissertação tem como objetivo observar e analisar a maneira como o semanário O Eco, fundado em 1938, em Lençóis Paulista (300 quilômetros a oeste de São Paulo), cidade fortemente marcada pela imigração italiana, construiu em suas páginas a representação da Segunda Guerra Mundial. Ao optar pelo estudo de uma realidade local, a pesquisa procura entender a dinâmica social em que o jornal se insere para depois decifrar, nas fronteiras delimitadas pelas diferenças culturais e políticas, seu envolvimento com a guerra. Para tanto, a dissertação sustenta-se principalmente nas formulações teóricas de Douglas Kellner, Sergi Moscovici, Laurence Bardin e Luiz Beltrão. Como recorte metodológico foram selecionados 55 editoriais de capa, veiculados entre novembro de 1939 e junho de 1944, com a temática do conflito. A pesquisa discute o papel de dois pontos que compõem o pano de fundo para a atuação do semanário no período: o ambiente de descrença que pesava sobre o jornalismo local na região e a atuação do braço censor do Estado Novo na imprensa brasileira. A análise mostra que embora presentes na pauta do jornal, os assuntos relacionados à guerra integram uma estratégia do veículo de ocultamento de suas posições ideológicas. / Abstract: The objective of this essay is to observe and analyze how the weekly publication "O Eco", founded in 1938 in Lençóis Paulista (300 kilometers to the west of São Paulo), a city marked by the Italian immigration, built in its pages the representation of the World War Two. By choosing the study of a local reality, the research is looking to understand the social dynamics in which the newspaper is inserted to later decipher, on the borders limited by the cultural and political differences, its involvement with the war. For such, the lecture is sustained mainly in the theoretical formulations of Douglas Kellner, Sergi Moscovici, Laurence Bardin and Luiz Beltrão. As a methodological cut, 55 cover editorials were chosen, released between November 1939 and June of 1944, with the theme of the conflict. The research discuss the role of two points that composed the background for the acting of the weekly in the period: the disbelief environment, which was over the local journalism in the area, and the actions of the censor department of the New State in the Brazilian press. The analysis shows that although present in the newspaper's agenda, the subjects related to the war are integrated to a strategy of the newspaper of hiding its ideological positions. / Mestre

During World War Two, 77 Japanese Canadians were uprooted from Saltspring Island, and eleven properties were taken from them and later liquidated. The largest belonged to Torazo Iwasaki, and was purchased by the agent for the Custodian of Enemy Property, Gavin Mouat. In contradiction to the widely held view that Japanese Canadians were stoic and accepting of the injustice they faced, a number of Japanese Canadian Saltspringers fiercely resisted what was being done to them. The Iwasaki family launched a court case against the government in 1967 that went all the way to the Supreme Court, and in the face of continued racism the Murakami family returned to Saltspring to rebuild their lives. This thesis investigates the position of the Japanese Canadians in the settler society on Saltspring and how racisms were manifested within it, the government’s decision to liquidate Japanese Canadian properties, and the resistance and resilience of some of the island’s Japanese Canadians. Racist politicians, including the MLA representing the island, were calling for the removal of Japanese Canadians from the west coast. They led the drive to ethnically cleanse British Columbia, but their success depended on the cooperation and acquiescence of many others. This microhistory explains how this process took place on Saltspring Island, while examining the larger story of the decision to liquidate and challenging the legality of the government’s actions. Seventy-five years after the uprooting, a frank acknowledgment of past injustices will be necessary for the full reconciliation of Japanese Canadian survivors and the Saltspring community. / Graduate / 2019-03-26 / 0334 0631

This thesis studies the historic encounter between United States Navy airship K-74 and Nazi submarine U-134 in World War II. The Battle of the Atlantic is examined through case study of this one U-boat and its voyage. In all things except her fight with the American blimp, the patrol was perfectly typical. Looked at from start to finish, both her reports and the reports of the Allies encountered, many realities of the war can be studied. U-134 sailed to attack shipping between Florida and Cuba. She was challenged by the attack of United States Navy airship K-74 over the Florida Straits. It is the only documented instance of battle between two such combatants in history. That merits attention. Thesis finding disprove historian William Eliot Morison’s contention that the K-74 airship bombs were not dropped and did not damage the U-boat. Study of this U-boat and its antagonist broadens our understanding of the Battle of the Atlantic. It is a contribution to our knowledge of military, naval, aviation, and local history.

THE LINES WE CROSSED is a historical novel set in Umbria, Italy from 1943-1944. One October morning, Emilia Testadura awakes to find the Nazis have arrived in her village. Major Christoph Strauss presses Emilia into service as housekeeper for the soldiers who now occupy an abandoned palazzo in the village. As the stakes and complications rise in the war throughout winter and spring, so they do for Emilia. Brutal reinforcements arrive and conditions become very dangerous. Emilia realizes she is falling in love with Major Strauss. She learns secrets that change her view of her deceased father and herself. That knowledge leads her to take action which reveals Major Strauss’s true colors before he is sent south to engage the Allies. Once the Allies take Emilia’s village from the Nazis, Emilia makes a final discovery and a decision that leads her south, too, towards a future she had never imagined.

This study examines the operational history of the First Cavalry Divisions conquest of the Admiralty Islands during World War Two as the final phase of Operation Cartwheel. Cartwheel called a two pronged attack; one prong in New Guinea, by-passing large Japanese garrisons and the other in the northern Solomon Islands with the goal the isolation of the strong point at Rabaul. The material is drawn primarily from U.S. Army records held by the National Archives at College Park, Maryland, records from the Air Force Historical Research Agency at Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama and other reports. The study concludes that the conquest of the Admiralty Islands allowed the by-pass of Rabaul and Wewak, New Guinea. The Admiralty Islands served as a base for future operations carried out against the Japanese.

When examining the Second World War, it is impossible to overlook the influence race had in both creating the conflict and determining the intensity with which it was fought. While this factor existed in the European theater, it pales in comparison to how race influenced the fighting in the Pacific. John Dower produced a comprehensive study that examined the racial aspects of the Pacific theater in his book War Without Mercy. Dower concluded that Americans viewed themselves as racially superior to the Asian "other" and this influenced the ferocity of the Pacific war. While Dower's work focused on this relationship overseas, I examine the interaction domestically. My study examines the influence of race on the treatment of Japanese Prisoners of War (POWs) held in the United States during the Second World War. Specifically, my thesis will assess the extent to which race and racism affected several aspects of the treatment of Japanese prisoners in American camps. While in theory the American policy toward POWs made no distinctions in the treatment of racially different populations, in reality discrepancies in the treatment of racially different populations of POWs (German, and Japanese) become clear in its application. My work addresses this question by investigating the differences in treatment between Japanese and European POWs held in the United States during and after the war. Utilizing personal letters from both American policymakers and camp administrators, U.S. War Department POW camp inspection reports, documents outlining American policy, as well as newspaper and magazine articles, I attempt to demonstrate how treatment substantially differed depending on the race of the prisoner. The government's treatment of the Japanese POWs should illuminate the United States Government's racial views during and after the war.