A pesquisa buscou determinar a incidência dos elementos nacionais e sistêmicos, que alteraram - ou oportunizaram a alteração - do padrão de inserção da Índia no continente africano nos últimos 20 anos, com ênfase na primeira década do presente século. A análise recuou à independência da Índia para determinação dos princípios que regeram sua aproximação com o continente africano entre dois distintos períodos, 1948-1990 e 1991-2010. Objetivou-se evidenciar, por meio deste procedimento, que a avaliação dos elementos da política externa indiana, de determinação doméstica, que tangenciam sua relação contemporânea com os países africanos – a concertação multilateral, a diáspora presente no continente, a garantia da segurança do Indian Ocean Rim, a dita competição com a China por mercados ou recursos naturais e a preservação do ideário da cooperação Sul-Sul – não deve ofuscar as alterações de maior monta que vêm ocorrendo no mundo principalmente em relação ao aumento do protagonismo dos países emergentes em detrimento do processo de lenta decadência em andamento nos países desenvolvidos, ou, de acordo com os parâmetros aqui utilizados, núcleo orgânico do Sistema-Mundo. / This research intended to determine the incidence of national and systemic elements that have changed - or allowed the alteration - the Indian pattern of insertion in Africa over the last 20 years, with emphasis in the first decade of this century. The analysis begins in the independence of India to determine the principles that ruled the country’s approach to the African continent between two distinct periods, 1948-1990 and 1991-2010. The objective was to highlight, through this procedure, that the elements of Indian foreign policy, considering domestic determination, driving contemporary relationship with African countries – convergence in the multilateral arena, the Indian diaspora in the continent, the Indian Ocean Rim security problems, the competition with China for markets or natural resources and the ideals of South-South cooperation – should not overshadow the major changes occurring in the world, especially in relation to the increasing role of emerging countries and the slow process of decline ongoing in developed countries, or, according to the parameters used herein, the World-System’s core nations.

This project adopts the framework of World Systems Analysis [WSA], formulated by global sociologist Immanuel Wallerstein, to take the entire world system as the unit of analysis. Drawing on the work of Paulo Freire, the seminal theorist of critical pedagogy, this project couples WSA with the analytic lens of public pedagogy to overcome the conceptual limitations of ideology and of various postmodern critiques. Primary media sources are used for purposes of critical political economy, to outline the contours of economic changes and class formations from the first world revolution. A detailed descriptive history of the revolutions that swept across Europe in 1848 recovers narratives from that critical juncture. I discuss prominent public pedagogies via analysis of primary print media sources like the London Times. Focusing on hegemonic shifts in the world system around 1848, I throw light on movement-media cracks in the British Empire, while also uncovering oft-ignored resistance, insurrections and utopian experiments in the Americas. Pedagogies of conspiracy theory and Manifest Destiny legitimated US aggression against Mexico as the former took initial steps toward becoming a world system superpower. Problems and pedagogies from 1848 are also updated and examined in light of the contemporary society-media context to consider cracks in the existing system and learn from the past new possible paths out of the world system’s terminal structural crisis.

A pesquisa buscou determinar a incidência dos elementos nacionais e sistêmicos, que alteraram - ou oportunizaram a alteração - do padrão de inserção da Índia no continente africano nos últimos 20 anos, com ênfase na primeira década do presente século. A análise recuou à independência da Índia para determinação dos princípios que regeram sua aproximação com o continente africano entre dois distintos períodos, 1948-1990 e 1991-2010. Objetivou-se evidenciar, por meio deste procedimento, que a avaliação dos elementos da política externa indiana, de determinação doméstica, que tangenciam sua relação contemporânea com os países africanos – a concertação multilateral, a diáspora presente no continente, a garantia da segurança do Indian Ocean Rim, a dita competição com a China por mercados ou recursos naturais e a preservação do ideário da cooperação Sul-Sul – não deve ofuscar as alterações de maior monta que vêm ocorrendo no mundo principalmente em relação ao aumento do protagonismo dos países emergentes em detrimento do processo de lenta decadência em andamento nos países desenvolvidos, ou, de acordo com os parâmetros aqui utilizados, núcleo orgânico do Sistema-Mundo. / This research intended to determine the incidence of national and systemic elements that have changed - or allowed the alteration - the Indian pattern of insertion in Africa over the last 20 years, with emphasis in the first decade of this century. The analysis begins in the independence of India to determine the principles that ruled the country’s approach to the African continent between two distinct periods, 1948-1990 and 1991-2010. The objective was to highlight, through this procedure, that the elements of Indian foreign policy, considering domestic determination, driving contemporary relationship with African countries – convergence in the multilateral arena, the Indian diaspora in the continent, the Indian Ocean Rim security problems, the competition with China for markets or natural resources and the ideals of South-South cooperation – should not overshadow the major changes occurring in the world, especially in relation to the increasing role of emerging countries and the slow process of decline ongoing in developed countries, or, according to the parameters used herein, the World-System’s core nations.

A pesquisa buscou determinar a incidência dos elementos nacionais e sistêmicos, que alteraram - ou oportunizaram a alteração - do padrão de inserção da Índia no continente africano nos últimos 20 anos, com ênfase na primeira década do presente século. A análise recuou à independência da Índia para determinação dos princípios que regeram sua aproximação com o continente africano entre dois distintos períodos, 1948-1990 e 1991-2010. Objetivou-se evidenciar, por meio deste procedimento, que a avaliação dos elementos da política externa indiana, de determinação doméstica, que tangenciam sua relação contemporânea com os países africanos – a concertação multilateral, a diáspora presente no continente, a garantia da segurança do Indian Ocean Rim, a dita competição com a China por mercados ou recursos naturais e a preservação do ideário da cooperação Sul-Sul – não deve ofuscar as alterações de maior monta que vêm ocorrendo no mundo principalmente em relação ao aumento do protagonismo dos países emergentes em detrimento do processo de lenta decadência em andamento nos países desenvolvidos, ou, de acordo com os parâmetros aqui utilizados, núcleo orgânico do Sistema-Mundo. / This research intended to determine the incidence of national and systemic elements that have changed - or allowed the alteration - the Indian pattern of insertion in Africa over the last 20 years, with emphasis in the first decade of this century. The analysis begins in the independence of India to determine the principles that ruled the country’s approach to the African continent between two distinct periods, 1948-1990 and 1991-2010. The objective was to highlight, through this procedure, that the elements of Indian foreign policy, considering domestic determination, driving contemporary relationship with African countries – convergence in the multilateral arena, the Indian diaspora in the continent, the Indian Ocean Rim security problems, the competition with China for markets or natural resources and the ideals of South-South cooperation – should not overshadow the major changes occurring in the world, especially in relation to the increasing role of emerging countries and the slow process of decline ongoing in developed countries, or, according to the parameters used herein, the World-System’s core nations.

This thesis purports to critically analyze Wallerstien’s world-systems theory, to test its strengths and weaknesses and establish its reliability as a world politics theory, thereby reviving Marxism in general. The study employs a qualitative research method to go deep into the underlying logic of the theory.In an endeavor to tackle the matter at hand, five criteria of analysis are employed to examine the merits and demerits in specific areas of the theory. This involves looking at the structure of the theory, the period of the emergence of capitalism, the unit of analysis, the coherence of the arguments and processes of the theory and the reliability of the world-systems theory in contemporary world politics. The main conclusion of the study is that the world-systems theory is reliable when used to explain three themes in world politics. These are global inequality, dependency and sovereignty.

Doctor of Philosophy / Department of Sociology, Anthropology, and Social Work / Robert Schaeffer / World-system theorist Immanuel Wallerstein made two theoretical assertions in Historical Capitalism that (a) significant inequalities in the “margin of safety against…endemic dangers and erratic violence” for people in different zones of the world economy persisted over long periods of time and (b) that the “margin of safety” for people in the periphery has actually deteriorated. This study set out to test this theory by examining mortality data for countries in different zones of the world-economy. It identified a set of health-related proxies for “endemic dangers and erratic violence”, infectious diseases (malaria, polio, tuberculosis, and influenza), chronic diseases (cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular), erratic violence (homicide, suicide, and motor vehicle accidents), and also infant mortality and life expectancy for women and men. It gathered data from the United Nations Statistical Division’s Demographic Yearbook for a select sample of countries in different zones of the world-economy (core, semiperiphery, and periphery) from 1950 to 2010, and examined how mortality from these dangers changed during this period. This study found that mortality data for infectious diseases did not provide much support for Wallerstein’s theoretical assertions. But the mortality data for chronic disease and erratic violence provided strong support for Wallerstein’s assertions. The data on life span provided some support for Wallerstein’s first assertion, but not for his second. Overall, the findings generally support Wallerstein’s theories and suggest ways that health-related inequalities might be addressed.

This study examines the conflict between indigenous rights and the exploitation of land in Chile. The conflict is displayed through a public discourse about the recognition of the indigenous people on the one hand, and the application of the anti-terrorist law against the indigenous people on the other. The anti-terrorist law is currently applied to the indigenous group, the Mapuches, in southern Chile, which makes this issue particularly acute. The role of the international community and the international laws surrounding this issue thus play a part in the conclusions made by the author, together with minority rights and the concepts of sovereignty and terrorism. The case is further placed within the world-economy through the concepts of World System Theory by Immanuel Wallerstein.

O presente trabalho apresenta a análise dos estatutos bancários aprovados na década de 1850 no Brasil Império, considerando a trama de negociações entre o governo central e os governos provinciais, bem como a forma de inserção do Brasil na economia mundial do Século XIX, liderada pela hegemonia britânica e por ela influenciada, de modo a identificar a evolução do direito comercial brasileiro com vistas ao desenvolvimento jurídico do tema bancário durante a década proposta. / This essay regards the analysis of Brazilian banks bylaws as approved by the Brazilian Empire during the decade of 1850, taking into account the plot which developed the negotiations between the central government of the Empire and the regional political powers in Brazil, as well as analyzing the insertion of the Brazilian economy in the global market of the nineteenth century, as such market was mainly controlled and biased by the world hegemony established by Great Britain, in order to identify the evolution of Brazilian commercial law in connection with the development of the legal banking system during the proposed decade.

A expansão e o colapso da escravidão negra nas Américas no século XIX são um dos maiores desafios interpretativos para a historiografia mundial. Ao passo que especialistas costumam abordar a questão por meio de narrativas nacionais, esta Tese apresenta uma história integrada da política da escravidão nos Estados Unidos, na monarquia espanhola e no Império do Brasil desde a Independência dos Estados Unidos até meados do século XIX. Seu principal objetivo consiste em oferecer um enquadramento analítico para a compreensão dos processos mutualmente condicionados entre as conjunturas econômicas globais e os pactos políticos nacionais que levaram à montagem, ao desenvolvimento e à crise da escravidão negra nas Américas. / Slavery expansion and its sudden overthrow in the Americas during the nineteenth century remain one of the major challenges to historical interpretation all over the world. While many specialists have approached this question through a national narrative, this study examines it by proposing an encompassing history of the politics of slavery in the United States, the Spanish monarchy and the Brazilian Empire. Its main purpose is to offer an analytical framework to discuss how the mutually conditioned processes of global economic conjunctures and political national compacts led to the rise and fall of slavery in the Americas.

O objetivo desse trabalho é relacionar o tema da Governança da Internet com a literatura de análise de Sistema-Mundo, focando na forma como a expansão da Internet afeta as estruturas de poder nas relações internacionais. A pesquisa visa contribuir para a agenda de pesquisa no Brasil sobre a melhor compreensão da prática da Governança da Internet no mundo. Nesse sentido, a problemática que motivou essa pesquisa parte dos questionamentos de quem governa a Governança da Internet. Quais os grupos de interesses que disputam e moldam as diferentes áreas de governanças da Internet e sua arquitetura? Como que as práticas reais da governança da Internet impactam as relações entre o centro e periferia das relações internacionais? A metodologia empregada, para tanto, foi uma revisão bibliográfica referente ao desenvolvimento da Internet, seu histórico, características funcionalidades técnicas; análise documental; e observação participante em fóruns e atividades de organizações que constituem o denominado ecossistema da Internet. Como referencial teórico, o trabalho utiliza Teoria de Redes e análise de Sistema-Mundo. O trabalho introduz algumas noções sobre a construção, evolução da Internet e de como ela funciona para evidenciar os contornos geográficos que a arquitetura da Internet possui devido a concentração assimétrica do controle sobre alguns nodos. A partir disso, apresenta a Internet enquanto uma das sínteses entre o desenvolvimento de novas tecnologias e da retomada de um movimento de cercamento dos bens comuns intangíveis, na medida em que ela é, ao mesmo tempo, causa e consequência desse processo que influencia a reorganização do capitalismo. Por fim, apresentando como considerações finais algumas ponderações sobre a discussão acumulada ao longo da dissertação, sugerindo uma agenda de pesquisa para aprofundar questões levantadas nesse trabalho. / The objective of this work it to relate the Inernet Governance thematic with the World-System Analysis literature, focusing on how the Internet expansion influence the powers structures of International Relations. The research aims to contribute for the research agenda in Brazil about a better comprehension of the Internet Governance practice in the world. In this sense, the motivation of this research parts from questioning whom governs the Internet Governance. Witch groups of interest dispute and shape the different areas of Internet Governance and its architecture? How the real Internet Governance practice impact the relation between center and periphery in international relations? The methodology used, therefore, was a bibliography review on Internet development, its history, technical functions; documental analysis; and participant observation in forums and activities of organizations that constitutes the so called Internet ecosystem. As theoretical framework, the work use the Network Theory and System- World Analysis. The work introduce some notions about the Internet construction and evolution, and how it works, to to highlight the geographical contours that the architecture of the Internet has due to asymmetric concentration of control over some nodes. From this, presents the Internet as one of the synthesis between the development of new technologies and the resumption of a movement of enclosure of the intangible Commons, as it is both cause and consequence of this process which influences the reorganization of capitalism. At last, presents as final considerations some thoughts about the discussion accumulated along the dissertation discussion, suggesting a research agenda to study issues raised in this work.