People psychological health is undoubtedly the question of the day in nowadays society. Factors of ill adults’ psychical health, its relationships, and view to their health condition are analyzed in this work. 70 patients from Rokiškis psychiatry hospital, who have slight psychical disability, have attended in this research. 70 healthy adults, who haven’t treat their selves is same sort institutions, formed auditorial group. All the respondents are 20-55 years old. In our research we used the technique of K. Wallston (1978) – Multidimensional health locus methodology, which is intended to assess the different people views to important problems, which are associated with their health; the result of assigned project was expressed indicators: internality(HLC), chance (CHC), powerful others (PHLC). The health of respondents was evaluated by Ch. Spielberger scale (2000) of anxiety and worry (how they feel now and generally).

The mental well-being of individuals has been studied for centuries. Yet a full understanding of the causal mechanism of mental distress has not been achieved. The prevalence of depression in women has spurred much of the research in this area. The goal of this dissertation is to contribute to the understanding of the determinants of women's mental and physical functioning. The means to this end is to incorporate a concept from each of the following disciplines, sociology and psychology. The sociological discipline lends the stress model to this research, while psychology contributes the concept of worry. To date, sociologists have not studied the effects of worries on women's mental health, while psychologists have not included socio-demographic indicators and stress variables in their studies of worry. The purposes of this dissertation are to add worry to the Traditional Stress Model, explore the determinants of worry, and observe the consequences of worry on mental distress and physical functioning. / A community sample of 170 mothers is employed to test the hypothesis that adding worry to the Traditional Stress Model, while controlling for socio-demographic indicators, stress, social support, and coping measures, will significantly increase the explanatory power when predicting the Total Mood Disturbance Score (TMDS) and the Total Physical Health Score (TPHS). Results from a series of multiple regressions indicate that worry measures do significantly contribute to the understanding of the TMDS and TPHS. / Other conclusions are also reached regarding several determinants of women's mental and physical functioning included throughout the analyses. In the case of married women, a measure of their marital status is a better indicator of their TMDS and TPHS than a measure of their social support from friends and family. In the case of employed women, the most significant indicator for both the TMDS and TPHS is their level of employment stress. / Research and policy implications emerge from these results. For example, general practitioners should be trained to detect employment or marital stress, and poor mood states which are likely to affect their patients' perceptions of their mental and physical health.

Hur vi människor förhåller oss till dåtid, framtid och nutid avspeglar vår personlighet och kan länkas samman till vårt psykiska mående. Denna studie syftade till att studera sambanden mellan tidsperspektiv, depression och ångest samt oro och ältande. Vidare ämnade studien att undersöka om en bristande inhiberingsförmåga kan förklara oro och ältande. I studien deltog 65 personer från en icke-klinisk grupp; 44 kvinnor och 21 män i åldrarna 19 till 40 år. De instrument som användes var självskattningsformulären Swedish Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory-II, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Response Style Questionnaire, Pennstate Worry Questionnaire samt Strooptestet Serialt färgordtest. Resultaten visade att oro men även ältande bäst predicerar en negativ framtidsorientering medan ångest och negativ framtidsorientering bäst förklarade oro. Ältande förklarades bäst av negativ framtidsorientering. Gällande inhiberingsförmåga var resultaten motstridiga, vilket tolkades som att fler undersökningar kring exekutiva funktioner, oro och ältande behövs i framtida forskning. Författarna argumenterar för att ännu tydligare samband för ångest och depression skulle kunna hittas i kliniska grupper. Att öka kunskapen om de underliggande mekanismerna kring depression och ångest argumenteras vara av stor betydelse för effektivare klinisk behandling. / The way we humans relate to the past, present and future reflect our personality and can be linked with our mental health. The aim of this study was to examine the relations between time perspective, depression, anxiety, worry and rumination. The aim was also to study if a deficient capacity of inhibition could be explained by worry and rumination. The study consisted of 65 participants from a non-clinical sample; 44 women and 21 men in the age of 19 to 40 years. The self report inventories included in the study was Swedish Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory-II, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Response Style Questionnaire and Pennstate Worry Questionnaire, a Colour-Word test measured the Stroop effect. The result indicated that worry but also rumination was the best predictors to a negative future orientation while anxiety and negative future orientation best predicted worry. Rumination was mainly explained by a negative future orientation. The results of the inhibition processes was contradictory. Further research of executive funcions, worry and rumination are needed. The authors are arguing for a stronger relationship between anxiety and depression could be found in a clinical sample. More knowledge about the underlying mechanisms of depression and anxiety is of importance for a more effective clinical treatment. / Time Perspective Project

This study aimed at investigating the role of hope and study skills in predicting test anxiety levels of female and male university students. The sample consisted of 442 students from four different undergraduate programs of Faculty of Education at Ege University. Turkish version of State Hope Scale (SHS, Snyder, 1996), Turkish form of Dispositional Hope Scale (DHS, Akman &amp / Korkut, 1993), Study Skills Scale (SSI, Y*ld*r*m, Do*anay &amp / T&uuml / rko*lu, 2000) and Turkish form of Test Anxiety Inventory (TAI, Albayrak-Kaymak,1985 / &Ouml / ner, 1986 / 1990 / &Ouml / ner &amp / Albayrak Kaymak, 1986) were used for data collection. Adaptation study of the SHS and validity and reliability studies of the SSI were also conducted as part of the study. For the purpose of investigating the role of hope and study skills in predicting worry and emotionality dimensions of test anxiety, four stepwise multiple regression analyses were conducted separately for the worry and emotionality subscales scores of females and males. SHS scores, DHS scores, Course Participation subscale scores and Effective Reading subscale scores appeared as significant predictors for the emotionality scores, whereas SHS scores, Course Participation subscale scores and Effective Reading subscale scores emerged as significant predictors of the worry scores for the female group. The State Hope Scale (SHS) scores, Preparation for Exams subscale score, the Dispositional Hope Scale Scores (DHS), and Listening Subscale scores predicted the emotionality scores of the male students, and the State Hope Scale (SHS) scores, Preparation for Exams subscale, the Dispositional Hope, Motivation subscale, Health and Nutrition subscale and Writing Subscale scores predicted the worry scores of the male students.

Thesis (Ed. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 1997. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 76-80). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (M.S.)--Florida State University, 2006. / Advisor: Gary Peterson, Florida State University, College of Education, Dept. of Educational Psychology and Learning Systems. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed Sept. 15, 2006). Document formatted into pages; contains v, 64 pages. Includes bibliographical references.

Working memory is involved in a variety of cognitive tasks, with working memory capacity predicting an individual's ability to process information and focus attention on taskrelated information. Subsequently, recent research has investigated whether working memory capacity can be improved through training and whether improvements generalise to other cognitive, behavioural or emotional domains. This training is typically adaptive in nature, changing in difficulty according to participant ability, and can be completed in the participant's home on a computer, giving it the potential to be an easily accessible intervention for a range of clinical populations. The first paper presents a systematic review evaluating the effectiveness of computerised working memory training for individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders, which are often associated with working memory difficulties. The review found that to date, working memory training has been investigated in four neurodevelopmental disorders: attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder; autism spectrum disorder; intellectual disability and specific learning disorder. The findings indicate that although training appears to produce short-term improvements in the working memory capacity, this does not reliably generalise to other cognitive processes or disorder-specific symptoms. The second paper presents a randomised controlled trial investigating the effects of working memory training for reducing worry in high-worriers. Working memory capacity limitations, and subsequent difficulties in attentional control, are believed to be central to the maintenance of worry. Participants were randomly assigned to complete 15 days of nonadaptive working memory training using a 1-back task, or adaptive working memory training using a n-back task. Training led to improvements in working memory capacity and worry symptoms post-training and at four-week follow-up, with improvements on the adaptive training task significantly correlating with improvements in working memory capacity and worry. These findings are discussed in terms of implications for clinical practice and future research, together with the limitations of the study.

Research suggests rumination and worry, which have typically been considered as strongly linked to depression and anxiety, respectively, may be better conceptualized through a transdiagnostic construct. According to Ehring and colleagues (2011), a construct broader than worry or rumination might be considered as Repetitive Negative Thinking. Ehring notes three key characteristics of repetitive negative thinking: the thinking is repetitive; it is at least partly intrusive; and it is difficult to disengage from. Two additional features include: individuals perceive it as unproductive and it captures mental capacity. This working definition of these five features formed the basis for the initial development and validation of the Perseverative Thinking Questionnaire (Ehring, Zetsche, Weidacker, Wahl, Schönfeld, & Anke, 2011) which is intended to be a content-independent measure of RNT. The Perseverative Thinking Questionnaire includes 15 total items with three items for each of the assumed characteristics of repetitive negative thinking (repetitive, intrusive, difficult to disengage from, unproductive, and capturing mental capacity). The PTQ is designed to assess for a common process found not only in individuals with prominent worry (as seen in GAD) or rumination (as seen in depression) but also in other diagnoses such as obsessive compulsive disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder. In its current state, the PTQ remains largely untested, leaving its utility in the changing field questionable. The current study intended to assess the psychometric quality of the PTQ to ensure its usefulness as a potential diagnostic tool and as a reflection of Ehring’s model of RNT. The current study administered the PTQ to a large and diverse group of college students located at a Midwestern university. Additional measures were administered to assess the psychometric properties of the measure. Construct and convergent reliability were demonstrated through comparison between the PTQ and the other measures. Unexpectedly, the PTQ and Cognitive Avoidance Questionnaire demonstrated a positive correlation, suggesting the measures are tapping into similar constructs. The factor structure of the PTQ was of particular interest in the current study. Further assessment of the factors reportedly contained in the PTQ was valuable, not just to assess the quality of the measure, but also because doing so would provide support for or undermine the proposed definition and key characteristics believed to underlie the construct of repetitive negative thinking. In this study, a two factor model was best supported for the current data, through Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis. This finding prompts further consideration and research for the construct of repetitive negative thinking.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-01-27T12:12:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MariaAurelinaMachadoDeOliveira_TESE.pdf: 2896131 bytes, checksum: 44d3cc2a223219cb04fbc53ea5e5f3fc (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-01-27T14:40:44Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 MariaAurelinaMachadoDeOliveira_TESE.pdf: 2896131 bytes, checksum: 44d3cc2a223219cb04fbc53ea5e5f3fc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-27T14:40:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MariaAurelinaMachadoDeOliveira_TESE.pdf: 2896131 bytes, checksum: 44d3cc2a223219cb04fbc53ea5e5f3fc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-12 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / A Cambridge Worry Scale ? uma escala multidimensional elaborada para avaliar o tipo e a intensidade da preocupa??o de gestantes com bons ?ndices de validade e confiabilidade. Desta forma o objetivo geral desta pesquisa foi adaptar e analisar as evid?ncias psicom?tricas da Cambridge Worry Scale, que avalia preocupa??es maternas em gestantes. Os objetivos espec?ficos foram: a) fazer a adapta??o sem?ntica dos itens da Cambridge Worry Scale do ingl?s para o portugu?s brasileiro b) avaliar evid?ncias de validade de conte?do atrav?s do Coeficiente de Validade de Conte?do (Etapa 1); c) verificar elementos de validade e confiabilidade da Cambridge Worry Scale atrav?s de procedimentos de avalia??o psicom?tricos (Etapa 2). Adapta??o transcultural de corte transversal realizada com 420 gestantes a partir de 13 anos de idade assistidas em Unidades B?sicas de Sa?de de Natal (RN). Utilizou-se como instrumentos: 1) Question?rio Estruturado (dados sociodemogr?ficos e gestacionais); 2) Cambridge Worry Scale (CWS); 3) Perfil Psicossocial no Pr?-natal (PPP); e a Escala de Apoio Social. O projeto cumpriu os aspectos ?ticos tendo obtido parecer favor?vel (572.558/ 2014) do Comit? de ?tica em Pesquisa da UFRN. As an?lises dos dados foram feitas com o aux?lio do software SPSS (21.0). Na Etapa 1 efetuou-se estat?sticas descritivas (frequ?ncia e Coeficiente de Valida??o de Conte?do - CVC) e c?lculo do Kappa de Fleiss. Na Etapa 2 usou-se an?lise fatorial explorat?ria e confirmat?ria, teste t, ANOVA, correla??es de Pearson; e c?lculo do alfa de Cronbach. Na Etapa 1 obteve-se a autoriza??o formal dos autores; prepara??o e consolida??o da vers?o preliminar; e valida??o de conte?do acerca dos crit?rios Clareza, Pertin?ncia Pr?tica e Relev?ncia Te?rica, cujos CVC foram maiores que 0,8 na maior parte dos itens. A Dimens?o Te?rica apresentou concord?ncia substancial (k=0,7164). A Etapa 2 refere-se ? coleta de dados de 420 gestantes. A m?dia de idade foi 26,85 (?8,93) anos, a maioria apresentou baixa escolaridade e renda, era dona de casa, cat?lica, e vivia em uni?o est?vel. Predominaram mult?paras, com baixo hist?rico de aborto e n?o planejamento da gesta??o. Os resultados da An?lise Fatorial Explorat?ria com rota??o Oblimin, seguida de An?lise Fatorial Confirmat?ria para a vers?o de 16 itens e 13 itens (reduzida), indicaram bons indicadores de validade e confiabilidade para ambos modelos. Houve diferen?as na estrutura fatorial dos 2 modelos. A vers?o de 16 itens apresentou 5 fatores, a maioria organizados conforme a original. A vers?o reduzida se mostrou similar ao modelo original, por isso se indica seu uso. A escala presentou validade convergente, divergente e de construto confirmada pelas correla??es entre os fatores da CWS e os escores de estresse (convergente), autoestima e apoio social (divergente). A validade de crit?rio foi observada pelas diferen?as do valor total e fatores da CWS entre grupos de gestantes (prim?paras/mult?paras; adolescentes/adultas jovens/tardias). A confiabilidade avaliada atrav?s da consist?ncia interna da escala foi satisfat?ria (valor ?=0,825) bem como dos fatores (?=0,64-0,74). Os resultados psicom?tricos com rela??o ? validade e confiabilidade da vers?o brasileira da CWS indicam que a escala ? apropriada para ser utilizada. Instrumento ?til e de f?cil aplica??o que pode ser usado por pesquisadores e cl?nicos para avaliar preocupa??es de gestantes. / The Cambridge Worry Scale is a multidimensional scale created to evaluate the type and intensity of pregnant worry with good rates of validation and trustworthiness. This research?s main objective was to adapt and analyze the psychometric evidences of the Cambridge Worry Scale, which evaluates maternal worries on pregnant women. The specific goals were: a) adapt the semantic items in the Cambridge Worry Scale from English to Brazilian Portuguese b) evaluate content validation evidences through the content validation coefficient (stage 1); c) verify validation and trustworthiness elements of the Cambridge Worry Scale through psychometric evaluation procedures (stage 2). Transcultural adaptation of transversal cut done with 420 pregnant women from the age of 13 assisted in Basic Health Units in Natal (RN). It was used as instruments: 1) Structured quiz (socio-demographic and pregnancy data); 2) Cambridge Worry Scale (CWS); 3) Psychosocial profile in pre-birth (PPP); and the social support scale. The project fulfilled the ethnic aspects having a favorable juridical decision (572.558/ 2014) from the UFRN?s Ethics and Research Committee. The data analysis were done with the help from the SPSS (21.0) Software. On stage 1 descriptive statistics were done (frequency and validation coefficient of the content - CVC) and Kappa?s Fleiss calculus. On stage 2 we used the exploratory and confirmatory factorial analysis, t test, ANOVA, Pearson Correlation; and Cronbach?s alpha calculus. On stage 1 we had the formal authorization from the authors; preparation and consolidation of the preliminary version; and content validation about the Clarity criteria, Practical Pertinence and Theoretical Relevance, which CVCs were higher than 0.8 in most of the items. The Theoretical Dimension presented a substantial conformity (k=0.7164). Stage 2 refers to the collection of data from 420 pregnant women. The average age was 26.85 (?8,93) years old, most of them presented low education and income level, they were house wives, catholic, and married. Women with multiple kids predominated, low abortion rate history and there weren?t a pregnancy planning. The exploratory factorial analysis with Oblimin rotation, followed by the confirmatory factorial analysis for the 16 items and 13 items (reduced), pointed good validity indicators and trustworthiness for both models. There were differences in the factorial structure of both models. The 16 items presented 5 factors, most of them organized according to the original. The reduced version showed itself similar to the original model, and that?s why its usage is indicated. The scale presented convergent validation, divergent and confirmed construct by the correlation between CWS factors and stress scores (convergent), self-esteem and social support (divergent). The criteria validation was observed through the difference of the total score and factors of the CWS amongst pregnant groups (first pregnancy/multi pregnancy; teenagers and adults young/late). The evaluated trustworthiness through the internal consistency of the scale was good (valor ?=0.825) as so did the factors (?=0.64-0.74). The psychometric results regarding the validity and trustworthiness of the Brazilian version of the CWS points out that the scale is appropriate to use. It?s a useful and easy to apply instrument that can be used by researchers and clinics to evaluate pregnant worries.

Insomnia is a common health complaint that often becomes a persistent problem. The theoretical frameworks for understanding and treating insomnia have mostly been behavioural, yet the importance of cognitive processes has received greater attention over the years. The overall aim of this dissertation was to expand the knowledge on the processes from the Cognitive Model of Insomnia by investigating them in novel contexts. Study I examined the outcomes from cognitive therapy for insomnia on adolescents. Study II explored the relationship between cognitive processes and the association with remission and persistence of insomnia in the general population. Lastly, Study III investigated if cognitive processes mediated between cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) and outcomes of insomnia and depressive severity in a sample of people with insomnia comorbid with depressive problems. The findings show that cognitive therapy for insomnia affected sleep for adolescents, thus this is a promising treatment option for this age group. Further, it was found that cognitive processes distinguished between adults with normal sleep and persistent insomnia. For people with insomnia, elevated sleep-related worry at baseline increased the risk of reporting persistent insomnia later on, whereas a lowering of selective attention and monitoring, and safety behaviours over time increased the likelihood of remission from insomnia. This has clinical implications for insomnia assessment and treatment, as well as theoretical implications, and warrants further research. CBT-I was associated with greater reductions in dysfunctional beliefs and sleep-related safety behaviours compared to control treatment. Dysfunctional beliefs mediated between CBT-I and insomnia severity and depressive severity respectively. This supports the importance of negative thought content in both insomnia and depression.