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Denna kvantitativa tvärsnittsstudie utforskade könsskillnader i oro för brott, med särskilt fokus på rollen av empati. Studien inkluderade 95 deltagare varav 31 var män och 63 var kvinnor. Deltagarna besvarade en enkät med självskattningsskalor för att mäta deras oro för brott samt empati. Syftet var att undersöka könsskillnader i generell oro, samt specifika typer av oro såsom undvikande beteende, oro för egen brottsutsatthet och altruistisk oro. Oro för brott analyserades genom oberoende t-tester där resultaten inte visade några könsskillnader i generell oro, undvikande beteende, oro för egen brottsutsatthet och altruistisk oro. Könsskillnader i generell oro med kontroll för empati analyserades i en ANCOVA som inte visade någon könsskillnad. Trots icke-signifikanta resultat antyder resultaten att ytterligare forskning är nödvändig för att utforska hur empati kan påverka könsskillnader i oro för brott. Resultaten indikerar en öppning för framtida studier att ytterligare utforska och förstå empatins komplexa roll i hur män och kvinnor upplever oro för brott. Denna forskning bidrar till en djupare förståelse av de psykologiska mekanismerna bakom oro för brott. / This quantitative cross-sectional study explored gender differences in worry about crime, with particular focus on the role of empathy. The study included 95 participants of which 31 were men and 63 were women. The participants answered a questionnaire with self rating scales to measure their worry about crime as well as empathy. The purpose was to study gender differences in general worry, avoidant behavior, worry about own victimization, and altruistic worry. Worry about crime was analyzed through independent samples t-test where the results did not show any gender differences in general worry, avoidant behavior, worry about own victimization, and altruistic worry. Gender differences in general worry about crime controlling for empathy were analyzed by an ANCOVA, which did not show a gender difference. Despite non-significant results, the result suggests that further research is necessary to explore how empathy may influence gender differences in worry about crime. The results indicate an opening for future studies to further explore and understand the complex role of empathy in how men and women experience and react to crime. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of the psychological mechanisms behind worry about crime.

<p dir="ltr">Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a serious public health threat, and lung cancer patients are at high risk of poor outcomes from COVID-19 relative to the general population. Little is known about lung cancer patients’ beliefs and emotions regarding COVID-19 and COVID-19 protective behaviors (i.e., mask wearing, social distancing, hand hygiene). Prior research has found that Health Belief Model (HBM) variables (i.e., perceived risk of acquiring the illness, perceived illness severity, perceived benefits of and barriers to the preventive health behavior) and worry are predictive of engagement in preventive health behaviors. Drawing upon the HBM and theories of the role of emotion in decision-making, the current study examined psychological correlates of lung cancer patients’ engagement in COVID-19 protective behaviors. Lung cancer patients (<i>N</i> = 191) were recruited from Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center to participate in a one-time survey from August 2021 through May 2022. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize COVID-19 protective behaviors. Multiple hierarchical regression models were used to examine associations between HBM constructs and engagement in COVID-19 protective behaviors. Higher-order regression models were then used to examine whether worry about COVID-19 was associated with COVID-19 protective behaviors above and beyond the effects of HBM variables. In general, the present sample showed high rates of engagement in all COVID-19 protective behaviors. Fewer perceived barriers to mask wearing were associated with greater mask wearing, and greater worry about COVID-19 was associated with greater mask wearing above and beyond the effects of HBM variables. Greater perceived severity of COVID-19 was associated with more social distancing, and higher levels of worry about COVID-19 were associated with more social distancing above and beyond the effects of HBM variables. HBM constructs (i.e., perceived risk of COVID-19, perceived severity of COVID-19) and worry about COVID-19 were unrelated to hand hygiene. Most findings are in line with theories on the central role of emotion in health-related decision-making and warrant replication in longitudinal research. Results point to several potential intervention targets, including worry about COVID-19, perceived severity of COVID-19, and perceived barriers to mask wearing, to improve COVID-19 protective behaviors in lung cancer patients..<br></p>

Bakgrund: Många personer lever med hälsoångest men få vet egentligen vad det innebär för individen själv och individens familj. Hälsoångest som kännetecknas av en stark oro av att ha eller drabbas av sjukdom är relativt nytt även inom sjukvården, varpå personalen behöver få ökad förståelse för personer som lever med hälsoångest. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att belysa erfarenheter hos personer som lever med hälsoångest. Metod: Studien är skriven som en allmän litteraturstudie med induktiv ansats där 12 kvantitativa och två kvalitativa vetenskapliga artiklar inkluderades för att beskriva det aktuella kunskapsläget. Resultatartiklarna analyserades systematiskt och resulterade i fyra kategorier. Resultat: Fyra kategorier framkom ur resultatet: Tidigare trauma, Oro, Informationssökande och Samsjuklighet. I de flesta studierna framkom att livshändelser såväl tidigare som senare i livet påverkade graden av hälsoångest. Oro kring hälsa, psykiatrisk och somatisk samsjuklighet samt informationssökande efter symtom på internet hade stor påverkan på hälsoångest. Konklusion: Hälsoångest är vanligt förekommande bland personer i samhället och utbildning och personcentrerad vård är två sätt att angripa tillståndet på. Vidare saknas kvalitativ forskning inom området vilket hade ökat förståelsen för tillståndet ytterligare. / Background: Many people live with health anxiety, but few know what it means for the individual himself/herself and for their family. Health anxiety, which is characterized by a concern about having or suffering from an illness, is relatively new even in healthcare, and the staff needs to increase understanding of people with health anxiety. Aim: The aim was to shed light on the experiences of people living with health anxiety. Method: The study was written as a general literature study with an inductive approach with 12 quantitative and two qualitative scientific articles to describe the current state of knowledge. The resulting articles were systematically analyzed and resulted in four categories. Results: Four categories emerged from the results: Previous trauma, Worry, Information seeking and Comorbidity. In most of the studies, life events influenced the degree of health anxiety. Concerns about health, psychiatric and somatic comorbidity and searching for information on symptoms on the internet also had a major impact on health anxiety. Conclusion: Health anxiety is common among people in society, and education and person-centered care are two ways to treat the condition. Furthermore, there is a lack of qualitative research, which would have further increased the understanding of the condition.

Background - Young adults’ are facing grave challenges when attempting to access housing in Sweden. Home ownership and first-hand leasing contracts are difficult to acquire and out of reach for those without external help. At the same time, the mental well-being of young adults’ in Sweden have shown to be deteriorating, including symptoms such as severe depression, anxiety and worry. This study attempts to explore the vulnerability of young adults’ in the Swedish housing market, and to better comprehend the reasons behind growing concerns regarding their future housing. Aim - The aim of the thesis is to explore what factors contribute to young adults’ future housing worries in Sweden.Data/Methodology - The study is based on data collected from a national survey conducted in 2023. Following, an empirical analysis was performed on a sample of 1396 individuals between the ages 18-30. A logistic regression is thereafter conducted to test a model on the basis of hypothesised factors.   Results - The results show that young adults’ who are unsatisfied with life, have low disposable income, live in a major city and do not hold a mortgage have an increased propensity to worry about their future housing situation. Conclusion - The study suggests that individual traits may not amplify concerns about future housing as much as broader societal and economic factors. / Bakgrund - Unga vuxna står inför svåra utmaningar när de försöker få tillgång till bostäder i Sverige. Ägandet av bostad samt tillgången till ett förstahandskontrakt är utmanande och utom räckhåll för dem utan extern hjälp. Samtidigt har den mentala hälsan hos unga vuxna i Sverige försämrats, och symtom såsom depression, ångest och oro blir allt vanligare. Denna studie utforskar sårbarheten hos unga vuxna på den svenska bostadsmarknaden för att bättre förstå orsakerna bakom ökande oro angående deras framtida boende.Syfte - Syftet med avhandlingen är att utforska vilka faktorer som bidrar till unga vuxnas framtida bostadsoro i SverigeData/Metod - Studien baseras på data insamlad från en nationell enkät genomförd 2023. Därefter utfördes en empirisk analys på ett urval av 1396 individer mellan 18-30 år. En logistisk regression genomförs sedan för att testa en modell baserad på hypotetiserade faktorer.  Resultat - Resultaten visar att unga vuxna som är missnöjda med livet, har låg disponibel inkomst, bor i en storstad och inte har ett bostadslån har ökad benägenhet att oroa sig för sin framtida bostadssituation. Slutsats - Studien antyder att individuella egenskaper inte förstärker oro för framtida bostadssituation lika mycket som bredare samhälleliga och ekonomiska faktorer.

Sammanfattning Bakgrund: Barn med oro, ångest och rädsla är vanligt förekommande i hälso- och sjukvården. Specialistsjuksköterskan besitter en utmanande och komplexarbetsroll i mötet med barnen. Det finns flera orsaker till dessa känslor och specialistsjuksköterskan behöver identifiera och arbeta förebyggande för att öka barnets välbefinnande. Syfte: Att beskriva specialistsjuksköterskans erfarenheter av att vårda ängsliga barn i hälso- och sjukvården. Metod: Kvalitativ design med induktivt förhållningssätt utfördes. Tio specialistsjuksköterskor intervjuades och innehållet analyserades med Graneheim och Lundmans innehållsanalys. Resultat: Procedurrelaterad smärta och en okänd ny vårdmiljö för barnet är ofta vanliga anledningar till ängslan. Barnet kan uttrycka ängslan på olika sätt. Kommunikation, delaktighet och förberedelse kan bidra till att de ängsliga barnens upplevelse gynnas. Ibland krävs inte bara ett samspel mellan specialistsjuksköterskan och barnet, utan även med föräldrar och andra vårdinstanser. Brist på barnvänliga miljöer, adekvata och välfungerande resurser samt brist på tid kan även vara bidragande faktorer till att barnets behov åsidosätts. Slutsats: Att som specialistsjuksköterska lyckas navigera sig bland utmaningarna i mötet kräver skicklighet för att inte påverka framtida besök i vården negativt. För att specialistsjuksköterskan ska kunna uppmärksamma och bemöta dessa barn på bästa sätt krävs en förståelse av barnets individuella behov i samspel med lyhördhet, skicklighet och kompetens. / Summary Background: Children with worry, anxiety and fear are common in health care. The specialised nurse has a challenging and complex work role in the meeting with the children. There are several reasons for these feelings and the specialist nurse needs to identify and work preventively to increase the child's well-being.  Purpose: To describe the specialised nurse's experiences of caring for anxious children in health care. Method: Qualitative design with inductive approach was performed. Ten specialist nurses were interviewed and the content was analyzed using Graneheim and Lundman's content analysis.  Results: Procedure-related pain and an unfamiliar new environment for the child are often common reasons for anxiety. The child can express anxiety in different ways. Communication, participation and preparation can contribute to the anxious children's experience benefiting. Sometimes not only interaction between the specialist nurse and the child is required, but also with parents and other care agencies. Lack of child-friendly environments, adequate and wellfunctioning resources and lack of time can also be contributing factors to the child's needs being neglected. Conclusion: As a specialist nurse, managing to navigate through the challenges in the meeting requires skill in order not to negatively affect future visits to care. In order for the specialist nurse to be able to pay attention to and respond to these children in the best way, an understanding of the child's individual needs is required in interaction with sensitivity, skill and competence.

Pathologische Sorgen sind ungenau definiert. Für die Behandlungsplanung bleiben wichtige Fragen offen: Welche Merkmale sind für die Unterscheidung zwischen behandlungsbedürftigen und nicht behandlungsbedürftigen Sorgen relevant? Welche Art von Sorgen muss wie behandelt werden? Und: Welche Art von Sorgen gilt es eher zu akzeptieren? Wir machen praxisnahe Vorschläge dafür, wie Sorgen mittels einer einfachen Heuristik auch vom Patienten selbst als «pathologisch» identifiziert werden können. Im Sinne eines therapeutischen Arbeitsmodells ergeben sich differentielle Bearbeitungsstrategien, je nachdem, ob es sich um wichtige oder weniger wichtige, auf lösbare oder unlösbare Probleme bezogene sowie angemessene oder überzogene Sorgen handelt. Das vorgestellte Arbeitsblatt zu den Sorgen soll vor allem die wahrgenommene Kontrolle des Patienten stärken und die Psychoedukation zur Generalisierten Angststörung erleichtern. / Pathological worries have not yet been clearly defined. As a consequence, practically relevant questions remain open: Which characteristics distinguish worries relevant for treatment from those which are not? What kind of worries has to be treated in which way? And: What kind of worries is rather to be accepted? We propose a simple rationale which helps the therapist and the patient to identify pathological worries. According to this working model, different treatment strategies result depending on whether worries are central or not, whether they relate to a problem which can be solved or not, and whether they seem proportionate or exaggerated. The presented worksheet is meant to strengthen the perceived control of the patient and to help facilitate psychoeducation for generalised anxiety disorder. / Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.

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The diploma thesis tries to outline the daseinsanalysis as such, so that the readers can be better understood. I describe the basic terms that are necessary for daseinsanalysis and without which it would not be understandable to a wider audience. In the first chapters I deal with the history of daseinsanalysis, where the reader is also acquainted with the names associated with this discipline. Then I describe the development in Czech republic and its principles. As the daseinsanalysis is linked to psychology, I do not forget this aspect and the connection with psychotherapy. I devote my phenomenology to the chapter itself, as it is essential for the daseinanalysis to be deepened. I am writing about the principles, development and essence of this philosophical discipline. In the following chapters, I then deal with the interpretation of the time that has been and still is the essence and basic pillar of daseinsanalysis. I describe it from the point of view of Heidegger and also from the philosophical point of view. I also explain concepts such as temporality and succession for better orientation in time. In my work I also distinguish cyclic and linear time and familiarize them with it and its essence. The following chapters are devoted to Martin Heidegger himself. I try to interpret his attitudes, philosophy...

Depression is common in people with coronary heart disease (CHD) and is associated with worse physical outcomes. The nature of the causal association between CHD and depression, and the mechanism underpinning the association of depression with worse physical outcomes, remains unclear. Perseverative negative thinking may contribute to the development of depression in people with CHD. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the prospective association of perseverative negative thinking with depression, anxiety and worse physical outcomes in people with CHD, and to explore factors that may mediate this association. First, a systematic review identified 30 studies, of which the majority found an association between measures of perseverative negative thinking and subsequent depression, anxiety or emotional distress in people with long term conditions. Studies that controlled for covariates showed more mixed results, though the majority (15 / 25) still supported a significant association, with effects being small in magnitude. Findings were limited mainly to the association of rumination and/or catastrophizing with subsequent depression, and study quality was limited. Next, in an observational prospective cohort study 169 inpatients and outpatients with recent acute coronary syndrome (ACS) completed self-report assessments of rumination (Ruminative Responses Scale brooding subscale), worry (Penn State Worry Questionnaire), depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-8), anxiety (Beck Anxiety Inventory), and health-related quality of life (EuroQol-5D health-related quality of life, Seattle Angina Questionnaire) after hospitalisation, and at 2 month and 6 month follow-up. Additionally, assessments of potential mechanistic factors (social support, problem solving, instrumental behaviours and negative cognitive biases) were made. Baseline brooding was a significant independent predictor of depression at 6 months after controlling for the effects of important confounding variables, accounting for 2% of the variance. Findings suggested that the association of brooding with depression may be explained by deficits in problem solving ability. Rumination and problem solving may provide useful targets for the development of evidence-based interventions to improve depression among people with CHD, although the findings presented here fall short of proving a causal relationship. Future trials could be used to investigate the causal nature of the association of rumination and problem solving with depression in people with ACS.