This thesis reports the development of Vanadium Tungsten Oxide (VWO) film as an active detector material for uncooled infrared detectors by using the reactive DC magnetron co-sputtering method. VWO is a doped form of the Vanadium Oxide (VOx) which is known as a prominent material for uncooled infrared detectors with its high TCR, low resistivity, and low noise properties. VOx is a widely preferred material for commercialized uncooled infrared detectors along with its drawbacks. Fabrication is fairly difficult due to its unstable material properties and the need for low process temperatures for a monolithic, CMOS compatible surface micromachining process. Hence, a new material with high performance and easier fabrication is needed. This thesis is the first study at METU on the development of high-performance VWO as an active detector material for uncooled infrared detectors. Deposition studies of VWO primarily started by measuring the effects of deposition parameters upon the magnetron sputtering system. Because the high effectiveness of the tungsten doping has been obtained for the doping level below 10% according to literary information, maximum vanadium (V) deposition rate together with minimum tungsten (W) deposition rate has been initially aimed. TCR of the VWO films has been measured between -2.48 %/K and -3.31 %/K, and the variation of noise corner frequency from 0.6 kHz to 8 kHz has been observed. In addition to these results of VWO, a favorable VOx recipe which has the highest performance done at METU in terms of resistance, TCR, noise and uniformity has also attained during the studies. Structural characterization of VWO is achieved using XPS, XRD, and AFM characterization techniques. Other than the sputtering parameters, post-annealing process and oxygen plasma exposure was examined as well. A general observation of the post-annealing is that it decreases not merely the TCR but also the noise of the deposited film. A short-period oxygen plasma exposure has a constructive effect on the noise behavior. Fabricated vanadium tungsten oxide with sandwich type resistor structure shows very close but better bolometric properties when compared with the yttrium barium copper oxide (YBCO), which is another material being studied in scope of other theses at METU. XPS, XRD and AFM characterization methods have been used for the structural characterization of vanadium-tungsten-oxide.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / In this work we study the structural and magnetic properties of pure and TM-doped CeO2 nanoparticles (TM: Mn, Cr, Co and Fe) obtained by the co-precipitation and hydrothermal methods. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results allied to the Rietveld refinement method indicate that all samples present single-phase with structure isomorphous to the CeO2. Average crystallites size was determined using the full width at half maximum from XRD patterns and their sizes were from of 7 to 13 nm. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images 10% doped samples show the presence of particles with spherical-like morphology and average sizes in good agreement with the estimated by XRD. From ultraviolet–Visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy absorption measurements we estimated the optoelectronic gap of the samples, which vary between 2.87 and 3.44 eV. Analyses from magnetization curves as a function of temperature (MvsT) using Curie-Weiss law show that the number of paramagnetic ions per molecule (n) increases with the increasing of the Mn concentration. Already for 10% doped samples with different ions the (n) obeys the following order Mn ˂ Fe ˂ Cr ˂ Co for samples obtained by co-precipitation and Co ˂ Cr ˂ Mn ˂ Fe for the samples obtained by hydrothermal synthesis. Magnetization curves as a function of the magnetic field (MvsH) show that the the systems present a weak ferromagnetic behavior at 5K and paramagnetic at temperature higher than 200 K. / Neste trabalho estudamos as propriedades estruturais e magnéticas de nanopartículas de CeO2 pura e dopadas com diferentes concentrações de metais de transição (MT: Mn, Cr, Co e Fe) obtidas pelo método de co-precipitação e de síntese hidrotérmica. Resultados de difração de raios X (DRX) aliados ao método de refinamento Rietveld indicam a formação de uma única fase isomorfa ao CeO2, cujos tamanhos médios das nanopartículas variam entre 7 e 13 nm quando sintetizadas por co-precipitação e entre 8 e 12 nm quando obtidas por síntese hidrotérmica. Imagens de microscopia eletrônica de transmissão (MET) das amostras dopadas com 10% dos metais de transição mostram a presença de partículas com morfologia tendendo à esferas e tamanhos médios das partículas em bom acordo com os tamanhos estimados por DRX. Através de medidas de absorção na região do ultravioleta ao visível (UV-vis) estimamos o gap optoeletrônico das amostras, os quais variam entre 2,87 e 3,44 eV. Resultados das medidas de magnetização em função temperatura (MvsT) usando a lei de Curie-Weiss indicam que o número de íons paramagnéticos por molécula cresce de forma sistemática com o aumento da concentração de Mn nos dois métodos de síntese. Já para o caso das amostras dopadas com 10% do MT, esse número obedece a seguinte ordem Mn ˂ Fe ˂ Cr ˂ Co para o sistema obtido por co-precipitação e Co ˂ Cr ˂ Mn ˂ Fe para o sistema obtido por síntese hidrotérmica. Medidas de magnetização em função do campo magnético (MvsH) mostram que as nanopartículas apresentam um possível ordenamento ferromagnético fraco em 5K e um comportamento típico de um material paramagnético acima de 200K. / São Cristóvão, SE

In dieser Arbeit werden ferroelektrische Phasenübergänge in verspannten (K,Na)NbO3-Schichten erstmals mit Hilfe temperaturabhängiger dreidimensionaler Röntgenbeugung untersucht. Der Fokus liegt auf stark anisotrop verspannten Dünnschichten, die bei Raumtemperatur ein geordnetes Fischgräten-Domänenmuster mit einer periodischen Anordnung von monoklinen a1a2/MC-Phasen aufweisen. Bei Erhöhung der Temperatur durchlaufen die (K,Na)NbO3-Dünnschichten einen ferroelektrischen Phasenübergang in die orthorhombische Hochtemperaturphase, die sich durch regelmäßige, alternierenden a1/a2-Streifendomänen mit ausschließlich lateraler Polarisation auszeichnet. In-plane Röntgenmessungen zeigen, dass die Filmeinheitszellen eine kleine Verzerrung in der Ebene erfahren, was zur Bildung von vier verschiedenen Einheitszellvarianten und damit vier verschiedenen (Super-)Domänenvarianten führt. Durch den Vergleich von Röntgenbeugungsmessungen verschiedener Bragg-Reflexe an Filmen mit unterschiedlicher Schichtdicke ist es möglich, die spezifischen Beugungsmerkmale zu unterscheiden und sie den einzelnen Phasen zuzuordnen. Mit Hilfe von in situ temperaturabhängiger Röntgenbeugung ist es daher möglich, die Details des Phasenübergangs vom Fischgräten in das Streifen-Domänenmuster aufzudecken. Es zeigt sich, dass dieser sich über einen großen Temperaturbereich erstreckt und in mehreren Schritten vollzieht. Die Beobachtung von Phasenkoexistenz innerhalb des Übergangs und einer thermischen Hysterese in der Phasenübergangstemperatur lassen auf einen Phasenübergang erster Art schließen. Zudem hängt die Phasenübergangstemperatur stark von der Kaliumkonzentration x in der KxNa1-xNbO3-Dünnschicht ab und kann durch eine Änderung von x=0,95 (stärker kompressiv verspannt) auf x=0,8 (stärker tensil verspannt) um etwa 60 K erhöht werden. Darüber hinaus ist dies die erste Studie, die experimentell beobachtete dreidimensionale Domänenanordnungen direkt mit Berechnungen aus Phasenfeldsimulationen vergleicht. / In this work, ferroelectric phase transitions in strained (K,Na)NbO3 films are studied for the first time using in situ temperature-dependent three-dimensional X-ray diffraction. The focus lies on strongly anisotropically strained thin films, which exhibit a well-ordered herringbone domain pattern with a periodic arrangement of monoclinic a1a2/MC phases at room temperature. Upon increasing temperatures, the (K,Na)NbO3 thin films undergo a ferroelectric phase transition to the orthorhombic high-temperature phase, which is characterized by a regular pattern of alternating a1/a2 stripe domains with pure lateral polarization. In-plane X-ray measurements show that the film unit cells undergo a small in-plane distortion, leading to the formation of four different unit cell variants and thus four different (super)domain variants. By comparing X-ray diffraction measurements of different Bragg reflections of films with different film thicknesses, it is possible to distinguish the specific diffraction features and assign them to the individual phases observed at the different temperatures. Using in situ temperature-dependent X-ray diffraction, it is therefore possible to reveal the details of the phase transition from the a1a2/MC herringbone to the a1/a2 stripe domain pattern. It is shown to extend over a wide temperature range and to occur in several steps. The observation of phase coexistence within the transition and a thermal hysteresis in the phase transition temperature suggests a first-order type phase transition. Moreover, the phase transition temperature strongly depends on the molar concentration of potassium x in the KxNa1-xNbO3 thin film and can be increased by about 60 K by changing x=0.95 (more compressively strained) to x=0.8 (more tensile strained). Furthermore, this is the first study to directly compare experimentally observed three-dimensional domain arrangements with calculations from phase field simulations.

No description available.

Photoelectrodes and photovoltaic devices have been prepared via multiple thin film deposition methods. Aerosol assisted chemical vapour deposition (AACVD), electrodeposition (ED), chemical bath deposition (CBD) and doctor blade technique (DB) have been used to deposit binary and ternary metal oxide films on FTO glass substrates. The prepared thin films were characterised by a combination of SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy), powder X-ray diffraction, mechanical strength tests and photochemical measurements. Nickel oxide (NiO) thin films prepared by AACVD were determined to have good mechanical strength . with a photocurrent of 7.6 μA cm-2 at 0 V and an onset potential of about 0.10 V. This contrasted with the dark current density of 0.3 μA cm-2 at 0 V. These NiO samples have very high porosity with crystalline columns evidenced by SEM. In comparison with the AACVD methodology, NiO films prepared using a combination of ED and DB show good mechanical strength but a higher photocurrent of 24 μA cm-2 at 0 V and an onset potential of about 0.10 V with a significantly greater dark current density of 7 μA cm-2 at 0 V. The characteristic features shown in the SEM are smaller pores compared to the AACVD method. Copper (II) oxide (CuO) and copper (I) oxide (Cu2O) films were fabricated by AACVD by varying the annealing temperature between 100-325°C in air using a fixed annealing time of 30 min. It was shown by photocurrent density (J-V) measurements that CuO produced at 325 °C was most stable and provided the highest photocurrent of 173 μA cm-2 at 0 V with an onset potential of about 0.23 V. The alignment of zinc oxide (ZnO) nano-rods and nano-tubes fabricated by CBD have been shown to be strongly affected by the seed layer on the FTO substrate. SEM images showed that AACVD provided the best seed layer for aligning the growth of the nano-rods perpendicular to the surface. Nano-rods were successfully altered into nano-tubes using a potassium chloride bath etching method. NiO prepared by both AACVD and the combined ED/DB method were sensitized to absorb more of the solar spectrum using AACVD to deposit CuO over the NiO. A large increase in the photocurrent was observed for the p-type photoelectrode. These p-type photoelectrode showed a photocurrent density of approximately 100 μA cm-2 at 0 V and an onset potential of 0.3 V. This photocathode was then used as a base to produce a solid state p-type solar cell. For the construction of the solid state solar cells several n-type semiconductors were used, these were ZnO, WO3 and BiVO4. WO3 and BiVO4 were successfully produced with BiVO4 proving to be the optimum choice. This cell was then studied more in depth and optimised by controlling the thickness of each layer and annealing temperatures. The best solid state solar cell produced had a Jsc of 0.541 μA cm-2 (541 nA) and a Voc of 0.14 V, TX146 made up of NiO 20 min, CuFe2O4 50 min, CuO 10 min, BiVO4 27 min, using AACVD and then annealed for 30 min at 600°C.

Les principes actifs, dans leur chemin vers leur cible thérapeutique, rencontrent une ou plusieurs membranes biologiques (plasmique, intracellulaire). Les interactions entre un principe actif et ces membranes sont importantes : d’une part les propriétés pharmacocinétiques de la molécule active (transport, distribution, accumulation) en dépendent, d’autre part le principe actif peut modifier les propriétés structurales des membranes. L’étude de ces interactions est rendue difficile par la complexité des membranes en termes de composition (lipidique et protéique) et de structure (hétérogénéité de l’organisation). Par conséquent, l’utilisation de systèmes modèles simplifiés est nécessaire. Au cours de ce travail de thèse nous avons cherché à réaliser des bicouches lipidiques modèles dont les caractéristiques se rapprochaient de celles des membranes biologiques en complexifiant progressivement leur composition lipidique. Nous avons ensuite étudié l’interaction d’une molécule anti-VIH squalénisée, le ddC-SQ, avec nos modèles de membrane.Un des rôles essentiels des membranes biologiques étant de séparer deux milieux aqueux de composition ionique différente, nous avons étudié dans un premier temps l’influence de la nature du milieu d’hydratation sur les propriétés thermiques et structurales des bicouches lipidiques. A pH physiologique, nous avons mis en évidence que seuls les ions divalents (à faibles concentrations) induisaient de profondes modifications structurales en provoquant la formation de vésicules unilamellaires dans les systèmes simples. Une seconde partie de nos travaux a consisté à étudier l’interaction d’un antiviral squalénisé, le ddC-squalène (ddC-SQ), avec nos différentes bicouches modèles. Cet analogue nucléosidique a été associé de manière covalente à une chaîne de squalène afin d’améliorer ses propriétés pharmacocinétiques. Cette squalénisation confère à la molécule la capacité de s’auto-assembler en nanoparticules présentant une structure cubique bicontinue. Les résultats obtenus ont révélé que le principe actif squalénisé interagissait fortement avec les membranes à l’inverse de la molécule native. L’organisation structurale des systèmes modèles est profondément modifiée par l’insertion du ddC-SQ, ce qui pourrait influer sur l’activité du composé. / Drugs must cross one or more biological membranes (plasma membrane, intracellular membrane) to reach their intracellular target. Interactions between drug and membranes play a significant role in the pharmacokinetic properties of drug such as transport, distribution, accumulation. Moreover, drugs may alter membrane properties. The complexity of the composition (protein and lipid) and the structural properties (heterogeneity) of membranes leads to a difficult investigation of these interactions. Consequently, use of simplified model membranes is needed. In this work, model lipid bilayer systems in which the lipid organization mimics the arrangement of lipids in natural membrane have been developed. In this way, the complexity of lipid composition mixtures has been progressively increased. The primary function of membrane is to physically separate aqueous compartments from their surroundings. The intracellular and extracellular fluids differ in ionic composition. This study firstly consists to estimate the influence of aqueous medium nature on the thermodynamic and structural properties of these model membranes.In physiological conditions (pH 7.4, ionic strength 150 mM), the most significant change was obtained in the presence of divalent ions. Markedly change in lipid organization was observed and the formation of unilamellar vesicles has been evidenced (at low concentrations) in simple model bilayers. Interactions of an antiretroviral nucleoside analogue, the SQddC, with lipid systems constitute the second part of our work. Squalene has been covalently coupled to ddC, in order to improve its therapeutic index. Squalenoylation leads to amphiphilic prodrugs which self-organize as nanoparticles. ddC weakly interacts with lipid membranes while SQddC-SQ can insert into membranes between hydrophobic alkyl chains and induce disruption of lipid organization. Consequently, the efficacy and/or toxicity of this drug could change.

MnSi(111) films were grown on Si(111) substrates by solid phase epitaxy (SPE) and molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) to determine their magnetic structures. A lattice mismatch of -3.1% causes an in-plane tensile strain in the film, which is partially relaxed by misfit dislocations. A correlation between the thickness dependence of the Curie temperature (TC) and strain is hypothesized to be due to the presence of interstitial defects. The in-plane tensile strain leads to an increase in the unit cell volume that results in an increased TC as large as TC = 45 K compared to TC = 29.5 K for bulk MnSi crystals. The epitaxially induced tensile stress in the MnSi thin films creates an easy-plane uniaxial anisotropy. The magnetoelastic coefficient was obtained from superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometry measurements combined with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) data. The experimental value agrees with the coefficient determined from density functional calculations, which supports the conclusion that the uniaxial anisotropy originates from the magnetoelastic coupling. Interfacial roughness obscured the magnetic structure of the SPE films, which motivated the search for a better method of film growth. MBE grown films displayed much lower interfacial roughness that enabled a determination of the magnetic structure using SQUID and polarized neutron reflectometry (PNR). Out-of-plane magnetic field measurements on MBE grown MnSi(111) thin films on Si(111) substrates show the formation of a helical conical phase with a wavelength of 2?/Q = 13.9 ± 0.1 nm. The presence of both left-handed and right-handed magnetic chiralities is found to be due to the existence of inversion domains that result from the non-centrosymmetric crystal structure of MnSi. The magnetic frustration created at the domain boundaries explains an observed glassy behaviour in the magnetic response of the films. PNR and SQUID measurements of MnSi thin films performed in an in-plane magnetic field show a complex magnetic behaviour. Experimental results combined with theoretical results obtained from a Dzyaloshinskii model with an added easy-plane uniaxial anisotropy reveals the existence of numerous magnetic modulated states that do not exist in bulk MnSi. It is demonstrated in this thesis that modulated chiral magnetic states can be investigated with epitaxially grown MnSi(111) thin films on insulating Si substrates, which offers opportunities to investigate spin-dependent transport in chiral magnetic heterostructures based on this system.

Submitted by Johnny Rodrigues (johnnyrodrigues@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-04-05T19:25:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ALESSANDRO FERREIRA DO NASCIMENTO - DISSERTAÇÃO PPG-CEMat 2014..pdf: 1766148 bytes, checksum: 9952d3c1d40fa2b65189b5ac5fa3540f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-05T19:25:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ALESSANDRO FERREIRA DO NASCIMENTO - DISSERTAÇÃO PPG-CEMat 2014..pdf: 1766148 bytes, checksum: 9952d3c1d40fa2b65189b5ac5fa3540f (MD5) Previous issue date: 24-07-16 / Os fios para sutura cirúrgica são considerados produtos médicos invasivos utilizados para aproximação de tecido biológico e, devido ao contato com a pele, vasculatura e outros tecidos, são considerados um produto crítico. O presente trabalho propõe a avaliação de um dos fios com maior número de queixas técnicas notificadas à ANVISA, o fio de sutura de polipropileno, que é empregado em diversas intervenções cirúrgicas que requerem material inerte ao tecido e suporte mecânico, assim, uma avaliação da natureza físico-química do material empregado em amostras comerciais é importante para nortear um processo de certificação sanitária visando minimizar o risco aos pacientes. O fio de polipropileno foi adotado como modelo de análise , sendo escolhido o fio de número cirúrgico 0(zero) com 75cm de comprimento; foram selecionadas 4 amostras de fios de sutura de polipropileno de acordo com o padrão de notificações recebidas pela área de tecnovigilância da ANVISA como modelo para a execução de ensaios de difração de raio X, microscopia ótica, microscopia eletrônica de varredura com mapeamento por EDS, FTIR, microscopia de força atômica, análise termogravimétrica e ensaios mecânicos. Os resultados apresentados demonstraram perfis distintos nos aspectos morfológicos e mecânicos dos fios de sutura selecionados, suscitando a construção de um conjunto de análises distintas daquelas atualmente preconizadas para o registro desses produtos, assim como o estabelecimento de um processo certificador que seria realizado harmonizando parâmetros de ensaios mecânicos e caracterização morfológica dos fios de sutura, capaz de assegurar maior homogeneidade nos fios de sutura disponíveis comercialmente. / The suture threads are considered invasive medical products used for approximation of biological tissue and, due to contact with the skin, vasculature and other tissues, are considered a critical product. This paper proposes an evaluation of one of the wires with the largest number of technical complaints notified to ANVISA, the suture of polypropylene, which is used in various surgical procedures which require inert mechanical support to the tissue and thus a substantive assessment of the nature physical chemistry of the material used in commercial samples is important to guide a process of health certification in order to minimize the risk to patients. The polypropylene suture was used as the analysis model, being selected the surgical wire number 0 (zero) to 75cm long; 4 samples of polypropylene sutures were selected according to the pattern of notifications received by the area of technical surveillance of ANVISA as a model for the implementation of the testing of X-ray diffraction, optical microscopy, scanning with EDS mapping by electron microscopy, FTIR, atomic force microscopy, thermal analysis and mechanical testing. The results presented demonstrated distinct profiles on the morphological and mechanical suture wires of selected aspects, prompting the construction of a set of analyzes of those currently recommended for the registration of these products, as well as the establishment of a certification process that would be done by harmonizing testing parameters morphological and mechanical characterization of the suture capable of ensuring a greater homogeneity in the commercially available suture threads.

Submitted by Emanuel Varela Cardoso (emanuel.varela@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-06-29T20:52:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JOSÉ ALBERTO CAMPOS DA SILVA JÚNIOR – DISSERTAÇÃO (UAEMa) 2015.pdf: 3855504 bytes, checksum: 02bbfa20b694c9416d048edd8410bfd4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-29T20:52:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JOSÉ ALBERTO CAMPOS DA SILVA JÚNIOR – DISSERTAÇÃO (UAEMa) 2015.pdf: 3855504 bytes, checksum: 02bbfa20b694c9416d048edd8410bfd4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-17 / O monitoramento neurofisiológico intraoperatório (MNIO) é uma metodologia que agrega diferentes testes neurofisiológicos para uso simultâneo ou alternado num mesmo paciente durante o procedimento cirúrgico, podendo avaliar a neurofisiologia clínica em três campos: eletroencefalografia (EEG), eletromiografia (EMG) e potenciais evocados (PE). O potencial evocado visual (PEV) permite avaliar a função e integridade das estruturas corticais e subcorticais da via visual. Este exame é realizado cotidianamente nos laboratórios de neurofisiologia, auxiliando o esclarecimento de diferentes tipos de acometimentos da visão, seja por doença ou traumatismos. Este trabalho tem como objetivo desenvolver um protótipo para o monitoramento do PEV para avaliação da integridade das vias visuais durante cirurgias neurofisiológicas. Foram realizadas várias etapas para o desenvolvimento do protótipo do dispositivo ocular: simulação computacional; estudo das características do olho humano; prototipagem rápida; caracterização do Biopolímero ácido polilático (PLA) utilizado na prototipagem; desenvolvimento de um protótipo de dispositivo ocular com sistema de iluminação integrado por LEDs a realização dos testes de PEV com o protótipo desenvolvido. O PLA utilizado na prototipagem para o desenvolvimento de partes do dispositivo ocular foi caracterizado por Difração de Raios X (DRX), Espectroscopia na Região do Infravermelho por Transformada de Fourier (FTIR), Calorimetria Exploratória Diferencial (DSC), Microscopia Ótica (MO), Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV) e Espectroscopia de Energia Dispersiva (EDS), esses resultados mostraram que a prototipagem rápida não alterou as propriedades físico-químicas e morfológicas do PLA. A simulação computacional forneceu parâmetros adequados ao desenvolvimento do dispositivo ocular que possibilitou uma maior eficiência na montagem do circuito eletrônico. Os resultados dos testes de PEV foram realizados em diferentes pacientes, com os olhos fechados e os mostraram-se promissores para uso em pacientes anestesiados. / Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (MNIO) is a methodology that combines different neurophysiological tests for simultaneous or alternating in the same patient during the surgical procedure can evaluate the clinical neurophysiology in three fields: electroencephalography (EEG), electromyography (EMG) and evoked potential (EP). The visual evoked potential (VEP) evaluates the function and integrity of cortical and subcortical structures of the visual pathway. This test is performed daily in neurophysiology laboratories, helping the clarifying of different types of bouts vision, whether by disease or trauma. This study aimed to develop a prototype for monitoring the VEP to assess the integrity of the visual pathways during neurophysiological surgeries. Several steps were performed for the prototype ocular device: computer simulation; study of the characteristics of the human eye; rapid prototyping; Biopolymer characterization of polylactic acid (PLA) used in prototyping; development of an ocular device prototype with integrated lighting system and VEP achievement tests with the prototype. The PLA used in the prototype for the development of parts of the device eye was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), optical microscopy (OM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), these results showed that the rapid prototyping did not change the physical-chemical and morphological PLA. The computer simulation provides appropriate parameters for the development of ocular device that allowed greater efficiency in the assembly of electronic circuit. The results of ENP tests were performed in different patients, with closed eyes and have shown promise for use in anesthetized patients.

This diploma thesis compares impact of various high-energy grinding technologies on crystallographic and granulometric properties of portland cement. It also observes the influence of the conventional and high-speed grinding technology on the resulting physical and mechanical properties of portland cement, depending on the storage time.