Disertacijoje siekiama ištirti Lietuvos jaunųjų (12–18 metų amžiaus) futbolininkų asmeninių ir sportinių kompetencijų raišką ugdymo(si) procese ir tuo remiantis pagerinti ir tobulinti jaunųjų futbolininkų rengimą. Tikslas – atskleisti asmeninių ir sportinių kompetencijų raišką jaunųjų futbolininkų ugdymo(si) procese. Pagrindiniai ginamieji teiginiai: 1. Socialiniai ir sportiniai veiksniai, kurie skatina rinktis ir treniruotis futbolą, atitinkantys 12–18 metų mokinių asmeninius ir grupinius interesus, padeda ugdyti(s) asmenines ir sportines kompetencijas. 2. 15–18 metų futbolininkų vienerių metų rengimo programa pozityviai veikia sportinių kompetencijų raišką: gebėjimą atlikti judesius ir valdyti kamuolį, gebėjimą atlikti technikos ir taktikos veiksmus varžybose, o kartu ugdo ir žaidėjo asmenybę bei sportinę individualybę. 3. Kryptingi treniruočių fiziniai krūviai gerina organizmo funkcinių sistemų adaptaciją. Jaunųjų futbolininkų ugdymo modelis, integraliai apimantis metų treniruotės struktūrą ir turinį, jo realizavimą pratybose ir varžybose, papildo teorines žinias ir atskleidžia naujų praktinių galimybių, kaip tobulinti jaunųjų futbolininkų rengimą esant optimaliai sportininko ir trenerio kūrybinei sąveikai ir jų kompetencijų raiškai. / The aim of the research was to disclose expression of personal and sport related competences in the process of young football players’ development (self-development). The main statements on defense are: 1. Social and sport related factors, stimulating to choose football sport and corresponding to 12 to 18 aged pupils’ personal and group interests, assist the players in development (self-development) of personal and sport related competences. 2. Yearly training program of young football players (aged 15 to 18) is of positive effect on the players’ sport related competences expression: ability to perform movements and possess a ball, ability to perform technique and tactic actions in competitions, altogether developing player’s personal and sport-minded individuality. 3. Purposeful training loads improve adaptation of body functional systems. The model of young football players education, integrally embracing yearly training structure and content, its implementation in training sessions and competitions, supplements current theoretical basis and discloses new practical possibilities in improvement of young football players’ preparation under optimal creative-like interaction between an athlete and a coach.

The aim of the research was to disclose expression of personal and sport related competences in the process of young football players’ development (self-development). The main statements on defense are: 1. Social and sport related factors, stimulating to choose football sport and corresponding to 12 to 18 aged pupils’ personal and group interests, assist the players in development (self-development) of personal and sport related competences. 2. Yearly training program of young football players (aged 15 to 18) is of positive effect on the players’ sport related competences expression: ability to perform movements and possess a ball, ability to perform technique and tactic actions in competitions, altogether developing player’s personal and sport-minded individuality. 3. Purposeful training loads improve adaptation of body functional systems. The model of young football players education, integrally embracing yearly training structure and content, its implementation in training sessions and competitions, supplements current theoretical basis and discloses new practical possibilities in improvement of young football players’ preparation under optimal creative-like interaction between an athlete and a coach. / Disertacijoje siekiama ištirti Lietuvos jaunųjų (12–18 metų amžiaus) futbolininkų asmeninių ir sportinių kompetencijų raišką ugdymo(si) procese ir tuo remiantis pagerinti ir tobulinti jaunųjų futbolininkų rengimą. Tikslas – atskleisti asmeninių ir sportinių kompetencijų raišką jaunųjų futbolininkų ugdymo(si) procese. Pagrindiniai ginamieji teiginiai: 1. Socialiniai ir sportiniai veiksniai, kurie skatina rinktis ir treniruotis futbolą, atitinkantys 12–18 metų mokinių asmeninius ir grupinius interesus, padeda ugdyti(s) asmenines ir sportines kompetencijas. 2. 15–18 metų futbolininkų vienerių metų rengimo programa pozityviai veikia sportinių kompetencijų raišką: gebėjimą atlikti judesius ir valdyti kamuolį, gebėjimą atlikti technikos ir taktikos veiksmus varžybose, o kartu ugdo ir žaidėjo asmenybę bei sportinę individualybę. 3. Kryptingi treniruočių fiziniai krūviai gerina organizmo funkcinių sistemų adaptaciją. Jaunųjų futbolininkų ugdymo modelis, integraliai apimantis metų treniruotės struktūrą ir turinį, jo realizavimą pratybose ir varžybose, papildo teorines žinias ir atskleidžia naujų praktinių galimybių, kaip tobulinti jaunųjų futbolininkų rengimą esant optimaliai sportininko ir trenerio kūrybinei sąveikai ir jų kompetencijų raiškai.

To further investigate athletes’ goal orientations in relation to their use of psychological skills, the present study examined the following objectives: 1) the goal orientations of young Swedish soccer players, (2) their use of psychological skills in both practice and competition and (3) the relationship between their goal orientations and use of psychological skills. Participants were 171 young soccer players from five Swedish high schools. The Perceptions of Success Questionnaire and the Test of Performance Strategies were administered to meet the objectives. Results showed no significant difference between athletes’ task (3.40 ± 1.32; M ± SD) and ego (3.32 ± 1.18) goal orientations. Results further revealed that athletes used more psychological skills in association with competition (3.21 ± .67) than in practice (2.74 ± .63). Moreover, results showed that athletes low in ego orientation used more psychological skills (3.83 ± .67) in practice than athletes high in ego (2.68 ± .60). A recommendation for coaches is to emphasize the importance of using PST in relation to practice in order to maximize athletes’ performances. Results have been discussed in relation to previous research of achievement motivation and athletes’ use of psychological skills.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of 4 week respiratory muscle training (RMT) on intermittent recovery performance, pulmonary functions and maximum oxygen consumption capacity (Vo2max) of young soccer players. Eighteen young soccer player who were playing in the Turkey PAF League (league for candidate professional soccer players) from Hacettepe Sports Club with a mean age of 18.4 &plusmn / 0.8 years (ranging from 17 to 19 years) and 8.5 &plusmn / 0.7 (ranging from 7 to 9 years) years experience in soccer participated. Players&rsquo / weekly metabolic equivalent score (MET) was 120. Their maximum oxygen consumption (Vo2max) on a treadmill, pulmonary function with a spirometer, and recovery performance with a yo-yo intermittent recovery test level 2 were measured and then they were randomly assigned into two groups as either RMT (n = 9) or control (n = 9). The RMT group continued both their regular training and RMT treatment with a commercially available powerlung sport respiratory muscle trainer (Powerlung Inc., TX, and USA) for 4 weeks. The control group only continued with their regular training. After completing 4 week RMT implementation (composed of 30 sets of inhalation, two times a day, 5 days of the week), the same tests were performed in order to see the v effects of 4 week RMT treatment on selected parameters mentioned above. Findings of this study indicated that 4 week of RMT treatment significantly improved (% 39) yo-yo intermittent recovery test level 2 performances of the RMT group from pre to post test measurements when compared to subjects in the control group. However, there were no significant improvements in both RMT and control group&rsquo / s Vo2max capacity, Vital capacity (VC), Forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory flow (FEV1.0) and Peak expiratory flow performances (PEF). As a conclusion, 4 week of RMT implementation improves the intermittent recovery performance of young soccer players.

The aim of the study was to create and justify recommendations for differentiated development of speed abilities in young soccer players during in-depth specialization stage. We studied methods of estimation of speed abilities in soccer players, evaluated and analyzed speed abilities in young soccer players and elaborated recommendations on their differentiated development. Novelty of the idea is the separation of speed abilities into 9 manifestations for further development: speed of simple visual-motor reaction, speed of complex visual-motor reaction, speed of single movement, frequency of movement, speed of entire movement action, single explosive effort, start acceleration, distant speed (speed endurance), braking speed. Practical outcome is elaboration of set of exercise for differentiated development of speed abilities in young soccer players during in-depth specialization stage. Separate exercise complex was invented for each type of speed ability. These exercises may be used during the whole training process of soccer players. / Целью исследования является обоснование и разработка рекомендаций по дифференцированному развитию скоростных качеств у юных футболистов на этапе углубленной специализации. В результате исследования были изучены методики определения скоростных качеств у футболистов, проведена оценка скоростных качеств, анализ результатов и разработка рекомендаций по их дифференцированному развитию. Новизна исследования заключается в разделении скоростных качеств на девять проявлений для дифференцированного развития: скорость простой зрительно-моторной реакции, скорость сложной зрительно-моторной реакции, скорость одиночного движения, частота (темп) движений, скорость целостного двигательного действия, однократное проявление концентрированного взрывного усилия, стартовый разгон, дистанционная скорость (скоростная выносливость), скорость торможения (скорость остановки движения). Практическая значимость работы заключается в разработке комплекса упражнений с использованием различных средств и методов для дифференцированного развития скоростных качеств у футболистов на этапе углубленной специализации. Для каждого проявления скоростных качеств разработан свой комплекс упражнений. Данные упражнения можно использовать как в специальном микроцикле, направленном на развитие скоростных качеств, так и в повседневной тренировочной деятельности.

Idrottande ungdomar gör inte alltid hälsosamma matval och rätt näring är en förutsättning för att orka de fysiska kraven som ställs på fotbollsspelare. Syftet med studien var att kartlägga kostvanor hos ungdomar på fotbollsgymnasium och jämföra resultaten med Svenska Olympiska Kommitténs kostrekommendationer. Studien var kvantitativ och en webbenkät användes som datainsamlingsmetod. Enkäten omfattade kostvanor, livsmedelsval samt kost i samband med prestation och besvarades av 132 deltagare varav 100 svar analyserades. Data analyserades med deskriptiv statistik. Studiens resultat visade att majoriteten av ungdomarna har en regelbunden måltidsordning avseende frukost, lunch, middag och mellanmål, däremot har de mindre kännedom om måltidsplanering och vad som bör intas efter träning. Resultatet visar också att mättat fett är det dominerande intaget av fettkälla hos deltagarna och en stor önskan om minskat intag av mättat fett, sötsaker och snabbmat finns. Resultatet av denna studie utgör ett underlag av råd och riktlinjer kring kost för unga fotbollsspelare och kan vara ett användbart verktyg och stöd för hälsovägledare, lärare, tränare och föräldrar. / Athletes do not always make healthy food choices meanwhile the right nutrition is prerequisite to meet the physiological commands of a soccer player. The purpose of the study was to investigate dietary habits of young people at soccer gymnasiums and compare the results with the Swedish Olympic Committee's dietary recommendations. The study was quantitative and a web survey was used as a data collection method. The questionnaire was made to collect information regarding the respondents' dietary habits, food choices, and diet in connection with performance and was answered by 132 participants, of whom 100 responses could be analyzed. Data was analyzed with descriptive statistics. The results of the study show that the majority of young people have a regular meal arrangement for breakfast, lunch, dinner and snacks. However, they have less control over timing and what should be taken after training. In addition, the study also showed that saturated fat is popular among the participants and that they have a great desire for reduced intake of saturated fat, sweets and fast food. In conclusion, the result of this study is a basis for advice and guidelines on diet for soccer youths and can be a useful tool and support for health counselors, teachers, trainers, and parents.

La present tesi exposa una investigació amb l'objectiu de dissenyar un protocol de intervenció per a promoure la esportivitat i el fai play en futbolistes cadets de Mallorca, revisats els principals estudis que situen l'objecte d'estudi en la promoció de la esportivitat mitjançant intervención es planteja una intervenció bassada en l'assessorament a entrenadors, jugadors i pares de jugadors de futbol cadets, els instruments utilitzats son el SVQ, per mesurar valors, el EAF per mesurar actituds i el IOFF per mesurar comportaments.Els principals resultats de la investigació son que la intervenció dissenyada ha estat efectiva per a millorar les comportaments relacionats amb el fairplay, no així per les actituds i consegueix que els valors es considerin com a més importants.La principla conclusió és que l'esport en edat escolar és un contexte obert que la seva connotació educativa depen de la intencionalitat de l'acció i de que sence una intervenció específica per a millorar la esportivitat aquesta millora no es produeix per si mateixa. / This Thesis presents an investigation with the objective of designing a educational intervention for promoting sportpersonship amogn young soccer players in Mallorca, once reviewed the principla investigations in interventions to promote sportpersonship amd fairplay there is the design of an intervention in coaches, players and their parents. The investigation tools were SVQ for measuring values, EAF for measuring attitudes and IOFF for measuring behaviours. Main results show that the intervention was positive among the behaviours, nor for the attitudes and the values are measured as more importants. The main conclusion show that sport in young ages is an open context and the educational value of the sport depens on the intention of the action and without an specific intervention to promote sportpersonship there are no evident results.