Thesis (M.S.)--Boston University

Esta dissertação se insere no emergente campo dos estudos sobre a juventude no Brasil, em articulação com os estudos de gênero e raça. Teve por objetivo realizar um estudo exploratório dos processos de socialização de rapazes negros oriundos de camadas populares da cidade de São Paulo. A pesquisa, de caráter qualitativo, foi realizada ao longo de 2007 e 2008, a partir de entrevistas coletivas com quatorze participantes e de entrevistas individuais com três deles. Inicialmente, buscou-se verificar modulações nas percepções destes sobre a masculinidade e os modos como articulavam concepções acerca das relações de gênero e de raça. Em um segundo momento, tentou-se captar experiências vividas em diferentes âmbitos e como essas se constituíram em aprendizagens singulares para forjar determinados sentidos e significados sobre masculinidade. Do ponto de vista teórico, parte-se da análise das noções de masculinidade, gênero e raça como produções culturais e históricas em constante mutação e que são apreendidas pelos sujeitos ao longo de suas vidas em um processo constante e ininterrupto. Para entender esse processo de aprendizagem a análise se baseou no conceito de socialização desenvolvido por Peter Berger e Thomas Luckmann e no conceito de individuação e suporte de Danilo Martuccelli. Os resultados evidenciam a diversidade de significados que jovens atribuem à ideia de ser homem e ser homem negro, forjados no âmbito de experiências e acessos desiguais a novos scripts e performances que, por um lado, permitem reposicionamentos e a desconstrução de hierarquias e fronteiras que separam homens e mulheres, homens e homens; por outro, permitem maneiras diferenciadas de construção de um pertencimento racial e articulação com a masculinidade. / This dissertation inserts itself in the emergent field of studies about the youth in Brazil, articulated with studies of genre and race. The dissertation had the objective of develop an exploratory study of the socialization process of black boys coming from low income in the city of São Paulo. The research of qualitative character was realized along 2007 and 2008, starting out of collective interviews with fourteen participants and individual interviews with three of them. Initially, it was meant to confer the modulations in their perception of manhood and the way they articulate regarding the relationships between genre and race. In a second phase there was an attempt to capture the experiences in different spheres and how it became a unique apprenticeship to shape some specific senses and meanings about masculinity. From the theoretical point of view, it begins with the analysis of the notions of masculinity, genre and race as cultural and historical productions in constant mutation and is acquired by the subject along their lives in a constant and uninterrupted process. To understand this learning process, the analysis was based upon the socialization concept developed by Peter Berger and Thomas Luckmann and the individualization concept and support of Danilo Martuccelli. The results evidenced the diversity of meanings that is attributed by the youngsters to the idea of being a man and being a black man , shaped in the sphere of unequal experiences and access to new scripts and performances that, on one side, allows a repositioning and the deconstruction of hierarchies and borders that separate men and women; and on the other side, it allows for different and diversified manners of building up a sense of race self- identification and an articulation with masculinity.

This study explored the ways in which the racial identities and lived experiences of Black male K-12 public and independent school leaders inform their professional lives and leadership. Through a qualitative phenomenological study, use of online descriptive survey, and in-depth semi-structured interviews, including the use of visual elicitation methods, with 14 Black male school leaders from across the United States, this research study provided structural and textural descriptions as well as a synthesis of meanings and essence of the experience and phenomenon of Black male K-12 school building-level leadership. This can be summarized as: (a) growing up as a Black boy; (b) leadership as ministry; (c) when a Black man is in the principal’s office; and (d) safeguarding the village. The research expands understanding of paradigms of critical race leadership and disrupts the normative educational leadership axiology. These leaders developed a range of strategies that enabled them to navigate the multidimensional aspects of their racial identity within a dominant White-racialized education system. Additionally, their articulation of action-oriented social justice leadership was influenced by their personal lived experiences, values, and sense of community.

Honour-related violence and oppression is a global problem that affects an enormous number of people. Identity formation is a critical development stage for young people and can be even more problematic when living in an honour-related culture within a modern-day Scandinavia. In this thesis, we focus on the narratives of two young men who highlight the complexity of living across two distinct cultural contexts, a parallel society in other words. We used narrative analysis to examine two autobiographies;one from aDanish setting, the other from a Swedish one. The study set out to examine what an honour culture is and how it affected the lives of the young men who tell their story. Our analysis shows that young men are also exposed to violence and oppression. As a result, they may suffer from various stresses, both physical and psychological, in the form of abuse, forced marriage and compulsory role assignments in the family and broader community. The study provides a clear picture of how life in a parallel society can turn out for young men and how their identity is affected in the process. Furthermore, our study highlights the lived experiences of the young men and examines the resilience required to break away from a culture that undermines one's ability to live an independent life.

Extensive documentation exists which firmly establishes the high use rates and disastrous consequences of alcohol consumption by university students. Use rates for this population have been linked to attitudes toward alcohol consumption, especially alcohol expectancies. Research to date on alcohol expectancies has shown differences in expectancies among various groups. However much of this research has been conducted without a theoretical basis, accomplishing little in explaining how beliefs and drinking behavior are related. The investigation was designed to explore the relationships among and between early recollections and alcohol expectancies and to explore how the contents of early recollections function in relation to expectancies in terms of alcohol consumption patterns among three groups of college males (student-athletes, fraternity men, and independents). The content of individuals' early recollections was analyzed and compared to expectancies and consumption rates for each of the three groups. The study addressed seven hypotheses regarding alcohol consumption rate comparisons, comparisons of consequences experienced as a result of alcohol consumption, comparisons of alcohol expectancies, and comparisons of reported content of early recollections. Multiple regression analysis was utilized to test the extent to which select early recollections and alcohol expectancy scores contributed to the explained variance in alcohol consumption patterns.

Thesis ( M.Dev.) -- University of Limpopo, 2013 / In 2010, the Development Facilitation and Training Institute (DevFTI) (University of Limpopo) embarked on the process of expanding the Sex and Relationships Education Programme, Boys 2 Men as part of its projects. During the process, it became apparent that there was a need to evaluate the implementation process of the B2M programme by CBOs in the selected district municipalities in the Limpopo Province. The B2M project is a programme that was first put into place in 2000 as one of the ways of addressing issues of sex and relationships education for young men in especially rural areas that have limited access to such programmes. To evaluate this programme, this current study intended to explore enabling and/or hindering factors as well as experiences of trained facilitators in the implementation of the B2M programme. A qualitative case study research design was conducted using semi-structured face-to-face group interviews. As the targeted population was small a census was used (i.e. total sample =24). Content analysis method was used, looking at themes given by respondents to highlight the facilitating and/or hindering factors as well as experiences of the trained facilitators during the implementation of the B2M programme. The results indicated that, amongst others, the significant enabling factors for implementation included support by the community, host CBO and university partners; availability of facilitation material as well as infrastructural and financial support. Whilst, the significant hindering factors included lack of finance; lack of interest from the host CBOs, limited resources; and unclear terms of reference. Based on the results, it was therefore recommended that the programme set clear and specific terms of reference; facilitators be given tokens of appreciation; clear monitoring and evaluation tools be put into place; sufficient support be provided by university partners continuously; funding that is specific for the implementation of this programme be sought so as not to drain CBO financial and manpower resources; and work with facilitators and CBOs that have interest in issues that are almost similar to those that are addressed by the B2M programme. From the research results it could be concluded that this programme is valuable and it is therefore important to consider continuing with it provided that the above recommendations are considered in future implementation

A modern conceptualization of psychotic disorders is as neurodevelopmental disorders, with different stages characterized by discrete clusters of symptoms. This conceptualization includes a stage of pre-psychotic prodrome, a target of contemporary research as an attempt to intervene before the development of psychosis. However, these at-risk individuals rarely present to the mental health services before transitioning into psychosis, even more so for male patients. In this study, a method of inductive thematic analysis has been employed to inquire into the pathways to care for young men at Ultra-High Risk (UHR) for psychosis to gain knowledge of- and generate hypotheses about pathways to care for this group. Data was collected using semi-structured interviews (n = 9) over video conference or telephone. Three core-themes were developed as “Willingness to Disclose Distress”, “The Gatekeeping Confidant”, and “The Boiler”, with “Openness” as a core organizing category permeating the core-themes. Together, the themes represent findings on both the importance of relations in help-seeking, as well as how the young men commonly employ non-disclosure, and how this lack of openness delays pathways to care, often resulting in adversities for the participants. Findings provide implications for further inquiry into how to increase the likelihood of young men to disclose distress, as well as providing additional rationale for the development of Mental Health Literacy in the public to make peers as well as participants more able to recognize symptoms of the pre-psychotic prodrome, when, where and how to seek help.

Young white men with a working background are described as the losers of the postindustrial society: as being in a marginalized position in which they are at risk of being rejected in the educational system, in the labour market and in social relations. This study examines to which degree the descriptions, provided by the Swedish political parties Socialdemokraterna and Moderaterna through semi-structured interviews, of a marginalization among young white men with a working class background in Sweden coincides with ideas of the postindustrial knowledge society as an explanatory model. Further, the study examines the solutions presented by the parties as a response to a marginalization among young white men with a working background in Sweden. The result shows that the problematization of a marginalization among these young men largely coincides with the postindustrial knowledge society as an explanatory model. Furthermore, it is possible to identify ideological dividing lines in the solutions that are launched: where collectivist views of society are most evident in the solutions presented by Socialdemokraterna, and individualistic views of society in the solutions presented by Moderaterna. An optimistic view of man is further identified in the solutions presented by both parties.

No description available.

This paper examined male engagement towards gender stereotypes online. We specifically sought to address how men engage with gender-stereotyped advertisements on Instagram, and which interactions they utilize to do so. We aimed to understand how men engage with gender stereotypes in Instagram advertisements by answering the following research question: [RQ1] How do men engage with gender-stereotyped advertisements on Instagram? Data were collected from 10 male participants through semi-structured interviews using photo elicitation. The data was further obtained through thematic analysis using the Theory of Planned Behaviour. The findings resulted in 26 codes and 6 themes. The results demonstrated that exposure to masculine content receives more attention and recognition than feminine, non-sexualized content. The findings argued that men are hesitant to engage with sexualized and provocative content due to societal norms and fear of being judged by others. In contradiction, men believe that other men are more likely to engage with sexualised, gender-stereotyped content that idealizes masculinity. The study identified the most common engagement interactions utilized when engaging with gender-stereotyped content: liking, visiting the account or website, and sharing content with a friend. The findings supported previous research claims that accepting a feminine image puts men at risk of violating gender roles, resulting in men preserving a masculine persona by distancing themselves from this type of material (Elliot & Elliot, 2005). Additionally, we concluded that fear of judgement from peers and society results in social pressure to conform to masculine gender norms, which may influence men’s online behaviour. The results may be delimited by social desirability and sampling bias due to the designated scope. Nevertheless, we have implemented measures to ensure the trustworthiness of this study.