This study employed a cross case analysis research design to explore young elementary students’ task understanding and its relationship to learning. Participants included 13 grade two students. Research was incorporated into the regular activities of a second grade class. Students learned about animal lifecycles and completed an associated activity (task) about the frog lifecycle during five hour-long sessions. The Task Understanding Questionnaire (TUQ), targeting students’ perceptions of explicit (e.g., task requirements) and implicit (e.g., course concepts, task purpose) task features, was administered at the end of each session. Findings indicate young students’ task understanding accuracy varied. Students demonstrated strong, improved, and weak task perceptions. Task understanding was also associated with learning outcomes. For students with limited prior knowledge, accurate task understanding was related to successful learning. / Graduate

This study explored the classroom learning environment in science among kindergarten students. In particular, I investigated both students' and their parents' perceptions of both preferred and actual learning environments. Additionally, I explored associations between student outcomes (achievement and attitudes toward science) and the nature of the classroom learning environment (as perceived by students and by their parents). The study involved the construction and validation of a learning environment questionnaire that was used by both parents and kindergarten students. Although the questionnaire was validated for use with five- and six-year-old kindergarten students, the same format was used for both parents and students. Prior learning environment studies (Fraser, 1998a) typically have involved the use of questionnaires neither by parents (with a notable exception being the recent study by Allen and Fraser, 2002) or by such young students. There is little doubt that, in just two decades, the field of classroom learning environment has progressed enormously (Fraser, 1998a) and that research involving qualitative methods and research involving quantitative methods each have made outstanding contributions to this overall progress (Tobin & Fraser, 1998). A historical look at the field of learning environments over the past few decades shows that a striking feature is the availability of a variety of economical, valid and widely applicable questionnaires for assessing student perceptions of classroom environments (Fraser, 1998b). This learning environment study is significant not only because it involves very young students (kindergarten) and their parents, but also a classroom learning environment questionnaire was developed and validated in Spanish, for both students and parents. / The design of the study involved a sample of 172 kindergarteners from six classes and 78 parents of the same students from the same six classes. The ethnic make-up for this group of 172 students was 11.8% White, 49% Black, 33.6% Hispanic, and 5.6% of other nationalities. The gender breakdown was 40.4% boys and 59.6% girls. Approximately 45% of the kindergarten student population was made up of English Speakers of Other Languages (ESOL) students. The instruments used included modified versions in English and Spanish of the What Is Happening In This Class (WIHIC)? questionnaire and of the Test of Science-Related Attitudes (TOSRA). A major finding of the study was that the modified version of the What Is Happening In This Class? (WIHIC) questionnaire in the English and Spanish languages displayed satisfactory factorial validity and internal consistency reliability when used with kindergarten students and their parents. Secondly, parents perceived a more favorable actual classroom environment than did kindergarten students, but students preferred a much more favorable classroom environment than did their parents. The magnitudes of differences between students and parents are greater for the preferred form than the actual form. Finally, statistically significant associations were found between kindergarten students' perceptions of the. classroom environment and the outcomes of achievement and attitudes to science.

This thesis focuses on young students’ experiences and meaning-making processes in school practices within environmental and sustainability education. Earlier research has shown this to be an area of complexity; besides a transdisciplinary perspective requiring relational thinking, it also involves conflicting interests as well as emotions and values. With a certain interest in emotions being part of learning as a meaning-making process, this thesis aims to investigate the character of experiencing, and the function of aesthetic experience in environmental and sustainability education. Through a mixed-methods approach a comprehensive questionnaire was used in the first study, and a more in-depth case study investigated the most important findings from the questionnaire even further in the second one by using multiple data. 209 students, age 10-12, from six different schools in Sweden answered the questionnaire. One class in grade six participated in the case study during four months, where both in- and out-of-door activities were studied. Both qualitative content analyses, and quantitative statistics were used to analyze the material from the two studies. Furthermore, John Dewey’s theoretical perspectives and neo-Aristotelian philosophers, mainly Martha Nussbaum, guided the interpretations of the empirical results. The main findings show that young students’ experiences in environmental and sustainability education are characterized by relational understandings both within and among ecologic, economic and social aspects, but also that perceived school activities of a value-laden and more cognitive kind correlated. The results further show that aesthetic experiences function as links in the transactional and continuous processes of meaning making. Furthermore, of importance for students’ meaning making and formation of values in environmental and sustainability were also prior experiences, encounters with outdoor environments and artifacts (both natural and digital), social interactions and felt independence. A holistic picture of understanding, emotions and values hence appear as an intertwined unity in students’ written responses, action and talk. A conclusion suggests that contributing to students’ possibilities of making meaning in environmental and sustainability issues requires openness to personal emotions and values as a starting point. Activities allowing for social interaction, independence, and relevant contextual encounters should also be considered in the pedagogical practice of environmental and sustainability education.

Previous research shows that exposure to the target language affect students' performance. Learning English as a second language can be promoted by using different methods and exposing students to English in the early years of education. The aim of this study is to investigate what methods primary teachers use to promote students' English developement and, what amount of time primary teachers expose students to the English language during a school day. The first research question in this study is what methods do primary teachers in the study use to promote students' English in primary school? The second research question is what is the amount of English that primary school pupils are exposed to in a school day? The method that was used in this study was triangulation, which involves an online survey, interviews and classroom observations. The study was conducted among primary school teachers in Sweden. A total of 31 teachers responded to the survey, three of them participated in interviews. After the interviews, two of them also took part in classroom observations. The results from this study show that most teachers use English during English lessons, but speak Swedish when needed. Most teachers use English in addition to English lessons, mostly in morning gatherings. When promoting methods were investigated, results show that body language and gestures are used with a high frequency during exposure in English. The results in this study also indicate that the most common teaching materials in English lessons are film, working sheets and song.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-27T14:18:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ANTONIO EUSTAQUIO FERREIRA.pdf: 1772711 bytes, checksum: 8c1f842523ecce1e236993b9b7e6470a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-21 / The pillar that supports this thesis consisted of psychoanalysis in critical social situations, using these instruments: semi-structured interviews for study 1 and a focal group for study 2. We undertook a Discourse Analysis as developed by Pêcheux (1983), Minayo (2000) and Orlandi (2005), as well as the investigation of the modal verbs can , want to, should and have to/need to , in their different modes, identifying how these verbs, as used by the respondents, relate to epistemic or deontic modalities, pursuant to Santos (1999), Santos (2000), Alves (2007) and Martins (2011). The main objective of this study was to establish a reflection on the means through which the transformations that have taken place within the family and the decline of patriarchy can have influenced the so-called decline of the paternal function , in its most traditional meaning. Analyze the aspects related to emerging concept of childhood and adolescence, the society of narcissism, how they contributed to the decline of the father , and how they influenced the decline of the paternal function and provided subsidies to violence in social interaction of young students. Specifically, the aim of this thesis was to obtain information on actions categorized as violent by young students; identify factors that contribute to school violence among young people and determine the relationship between violent sociability in young students and the paternal function. As a result, it is possible to conclude that children and young people were gradually subjected to the condition of subjects. However, changes that have been taking place in the family and in how its members are dealt with, mainly the children and the young people, have altered the relationship between parents and their children. New social actors and the State interfere in family life, by occupying the place of a symbolic father, replacing parents in their duties and weakening the authority of the father and his function. Therefore, this study leads us to the assumption that it is violence, taken as a producer of meanings that guides the current violent sociability among young students, resulting from the decline of the paternal function. / O suporte fundamental desta tese constituiu-se da psicanálise em situações sociais críticas, cujos instrumentos utilizados para pesquisa foram: entrevistas semiestruturadas para o estudo 1 e grupo focal para o estudo 2. Empreendemos a Análise do Discurso desenvolvia por Pêcheux (1983), Minayo (2000) e Orlandi (2005), bem como a investigação dos verbos modais poder , querer, dever e ter que/ter de , em seus variados modos, identificando como esses verbos, na forma utilizada pelos respondentes, se relacionam com as modalidades epistêmicas ou deônticas, conforme orientações de Santos (1999), Santos (2000), Alves (2007) e Martins (2011). O objetivo principal desta pesquisa foi refletir como os modos pelos quais as transformações na família e o declínio do patriarcado pode haver influenciado o chamado declínio da função paterna , no seu sentido mais tradicional. Analisar aspectos relativos à emergência das concepções modernas de infância e adolescência, da sociedade do narcisismo, como contribuíram para o declínio do pai , e como influenciaram o declínio da função paterna e subsidiaram a sociabilidade violenta dos jovens escolares. Especificamente, levantar informações acerca das ações consideradas violentas pelos jovens na escola; identificar fatores que contribuem para a violência escolar entre jovens e verificar a relação entre a sociabilidade violenta em jovens escolares e a função paterna. Como resultado pode-se concluir que as crianças e os jovens foram submetidos gradativamente à condição de sujeitos. Porém, as transformações na família e nos modos de lidar com os componentes, principalmente as crianças e os jovens, modificaram as relações entre pais e filhos. Novos atores sociais e o Estado interferem na vida familiar, ocupando o lugar de pai simbólico, substituindo a função dos progenitores e enfraquecendo a autoridade do pai e de sua função. Portanto, esse estudo nos leva a pensar que a violência considerada como produtora de sentidos é que norteia a atual sociabilidade violenta em jovens escolares, em razão do declínio da função paterna.

Syftet med denna systematiska litteraturstudie är att undersöka vilken typ av stöd digital teknik kan ge elever som ska förstå och tolka ett matematiskt problem. Att förstå och tolka matematiska problem inbegriper ofta förmågan att kunna läsa och förstå en text. Unga elever som är i början av sin läs- och skrivutveckling har ofta svårigheter med läsförståelsen. Digital teknik kan ge eleverna stöd vid tolkning och förståelse för ett matematiskt problem genom att mediera den kunskap som är absolut nödvändig för att kunna lösa problemet. De olika typerna av stöd som har identifierats används på olika sätt fast med samma syfte, att hjälpa elever att förstå ett matematiskt problem. Även om användandet av digital teknik har visat flera olika typer av effekter på elevers problemlösningsförmåga så går det att urskilja en positiv trend. Den digitala teknik som har studerats har till största del bidragit till positiva effekter och endast en studie har uttryckt en negativ effekt på elevers förmåga att lösa problem. / This systematic literature study aims to examine which types of support digital technology can offer students when they are presented to a mathematical problem. To fully understand a mathematical problem, it often requires the ability to read texts. Young students in the beginning of their reading and writing development often shows a lack of reading comprehension. Digital technology can offer students support while solving mathematical problems by mediate the most essential parts of the problem. The various kinds of support that have been identified are all used in separate ways but with the same purpose; helping students to understand a mathematical problem. Even if the use of digital technology has shown several types of effects, on students ability to solve mathematical problems, a positive trend can be distinguished. Only one study has shown a negative effect on students ability to solve mathematical problems.

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No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Rafael Gomes Pinheiro - 2017.pdf: 3448174 bytes, checksum: ca211d7e2818b2b5c2f0f841a93c807a (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-29 / Inserted in the line of research Principles on Educational Processes, this study has as its theme the relationship between young people and schooling processes. Researchers have pointed out the need to carry out studies with young people from towns, since, from the urban perspective of large cities, these subjects are different from those that live far from these centers. It is argued that the emphasis of the research on the lives of urban youth can compromise the understanding of the totality of young Brazilians. The purpose of this study was to apprehend the meanings of schooling for the young high school graduates of a town in the countryside of the state of Goiás. It is assumed that historical, social and economic conditions, among others, may interfere in the senses attributed to the youth and their relationship with social groups, such as the school. For that purpose, the research developed had an empirical qualitative approach, using the procedures of observation, questionnaire and text production alongside thirty-three young students of the third year of Colégio Estadual Bernardino Guimarães, a public high school and the only in the town of Água Limpa (GO). The high school has been permeated by policies, programs and projects, that below to its promises to improve the quality of education, meet the requirements of international organizations, guided by principles that have as a consequence the direct link of the school to the world of work and, as a main objective, the performance of young students in large-scale evaluation systems. The life context of the young students was considered to be rurban, considering the characteristics of the locality. The town limits, however, did not appear as a barrier for these young people to build future expectations beyond their town, especially because they are connected to diverse communicative media. It was observed that the meanings attributed by young people to schooling were related, in particular: i) to the school as a space of sociability; (ii) to the difficulties faced by young people in completing basic education; and iii) to the valuation of the school as a possibility of upward mobility. / Inserido na linha de pesquisa Fundamentos dos Processos Educativos, este estudo possui como temática a relação entre jovens e processos de escolarização. Pesquisadores têm apontado a necessidade de se realizar estudos com jovens de pequenas cidades, uma vez que, sob a ótica urbana das grandes cidades, esses sujeitos constituem-se de forma diferente dos que residem distantes desses centros. Argumentam que a ênfase da pesquisa sobre a vida de jovens urbanos pode comprometer a compreensão sobre a totalidade dos jovens brasileiros. Assim, o objetivodeste estudo foi apreender os sentidos da escolarização para os jovens concluintes do Ensino Médio de uma pequena cidade do interior do estado de Goiás. Parte-se do princípio de que as condições históricas, sociais e econômicas, entre outras, podem interferir nos sentidos atribuídos à juventude e à sua relação com as instâncias sociais como a escola. Para tanto, a pesquisa desenvolvida foi de natureza empírica qualitativa, utilizando-se dos procedimentos de observação, questionário e produção de texto junto a trinta e três jovens estudantes do terceiro ano do Colégio Estadual Bernardino Guimarães, único colégio de Ensino Médio do município de Água Limpa (GO). Essa instituição se mostrou permeada por políticas, programas e projetos que, aquém de suas promessas de melhoria da qualidade da educação, atendem às exigências de organismos internacionais, pautando-se por princípios que têm como consequência a vinculação direta da escola ao mundo do trabalho e, como objetivo principal, o desempenho dos jovens estudantes nos sistemas de avaliação em larga escala. O contexto de vida dos jovens estudantes foi considerado rurbano, tendo em vista as características da localidade. Os limites do município, no entanto, não se mostraram como uma barreira para que esses jovens construíssem expectativas futuras para além de sua cidade, em especial por estarem conectados às diferentes mídias comunicativas. Os sentidos atribuídos pelos jovens à escolarização estavam relacionados, em especial: i) à escola como espaço de sociabilidade; ii) às dificuldades enfrentadas pelos jovens para concluírem a educação básica; e iii) à valorização da escola como possibilidade de ascensão social.

Bakgrund: Ensamhet definieras som en tillvaro utan gemenskap och trygghet. Ibland är ensamheten självvald. Det finns olika faktorer som har betydelse för elevers upplevelse av ensamhet. Skolsköterskan har en viktig roll med att uppmärksamma, arbeta förebyggande, hälsofrämjande så väl som att stötta elever som känner sig ensamma. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie var att beskriva skolsköterskors erfarenheter av högstadieelevers ensamhet. Metod: Datamaterialet analyserades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Åtta intervjuer med skolsköterskor blev analyserade. Resultat: Ur analysen av datamaterialet framkom åtta kategorier: Ensamhet uppmärksammas i hälsosamtalet, Elever uttrycker att ensamhetskänsla kan vara svår att beskriva, Kontaktnätet kan uppmärksamma ensamhet, Ensamhet kan visa sig på olika sätt, Elever har olika behov gällande ensamhet, Omgivningen har betydelse för hur eleven blir uppmärksammad, Internet kan skapa både en gemenskap och en ensamhet, Känslan av ensamhet mellan flickor och pojkar. Slutsats: Hälsosamtalet var en viktig del i att uppmärksamma elever som verkade ensamma. Det var betydelsefullt för eleverna att de fick vara med och påverka skolmiljön för att minska känslan av ensamhet. Skolsköterskan tillsammans med föräldrar och annan personal har en viktig roll i att stötta elever i skolan. / Background: Loneliness is defined as being without community and security. Sometimes loneliness is self-elected. There are circumstances that are important to young students experience of loneliness. The school nurse has an important role to pay attention to and work on prevention and health promotion and to support students who feel lonely. Aim: The aim of this study was to describe school nurses perceptions of high school students loneliness. Method: The data material was analyzed with an qualitative content analysis. Eight interviews with school nurses were analyzed. Results: From the analysis of the data material eight categories emerged: Loneliness is noticed in the health conversation, Students express that feeling of loneliness can be difficult to describe, The contact network can pay attention to loneliness, Loneliness can manifest in different ways, Students have different needs regarding loneliness, The environment is important for how the student is noticed, The internet can create both a community and a feeling of loneliness, The feeling of loneliness between girls and boys. Conclusion: The health dialogues is an important part of drawing attention to students who seems lonely. It is important for students to be able to influence the school environment in order to reduce the feeling of loneliness. The school nurse, together with parents and other staff, has an important role in supporting students in the school.

Contingent praise is widely recognized as a universal, practical, and highly effective classroom management tool. While previous research has examined the effectiveness of performance feedback to increase teachers’ use of contingent praise in the classroom and to observe its effects on students’ behavior, no research exists on the effects of increased ratios of praise-to-behavior correction statements by paraprofessionals in the classrooms of preschoolers diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). This research was conducted in an urban, specialized pre-school program, for young students with developmental disabilities. The researcher implemented a performance feedback protocol, measuring two paraprofessionals’ ability to achieve a target 1:1, followed by a 4:1 ratio of praise-to-behavior correction statements. Students’ on-task, off-task, and disruptive behaviors were also measured. Results demonstrated that: (a) performance feedback was an effective and well received tool for in / Applied Behavioral Analysis

The research approached issues related to Public Policy and School Practice and its developments in the field of technical professional education of medium level integrated to high school, having as methodology the case study of the Technical Course in Integrated Building, on offer in Campus Santa Rosa, one of the teaching units of the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology Farroupilha (IF Farroupilha), of the Rio Grande do Sul state. As a production technique of empirical data, a questionnaire with open and closed questions was applied to students. In this context, strategic space of knowledge production, was studied through of document analysis and the questionnaires, how the integrated curriculum has been developed and what are the meanings that are being built by the young students of the course about the curriculum based on the assumptions of integral formation of the human being. For this analysis, it was considered that the integrated curriculum, to reach the effective overcoming of curricular fragmentation and duality between formation for intellectual work and formation for manual work, needs managers, teachers and students involvement, which are responsible for planning, developing and evaluating the curriculum in the wider sphere of the collectivity, of cooperation and dialogue. The research focuses on the meanings produced by young students about the restructuring of the curriculum of the Technical Course in Integrated Building that occurred between 2011 and 2013, which came into force in 2014, forming the first class in the new curriculum in 2016/2. Researchers like Ciavatta (2005; 2012), Ramos (2005; 2008; 2012), Frigotto (2005; 2012) are the main theoretical framework that supported the restructuring of the curriculum of this course. In addition to these researchers, Arroyo (2013), Dayrell (2003; 2007; 2014), among others, provided the basis for this research. Data production occurred in two stages: 1) in 2015/2 with the young students of the last class of the old curriculum; and 2) in 2016/1 with the first class to graduate in the new curriculum. By comparing the look of young students about the course, it was possible to realize the validity and significant structural change in the curriculum, as well as methodologies applied to minimize the curriculum fragmentation. However, more importantly, the idea was reinforced that to happen actually teaching with the assumptions of the integrated curriculum coming to the integral formation of the human being is necessary to look at the students as social and cultural youth situated historically, immersed in the contemporary time changes that occur constantly. These changes should be perceived in order to that the methodologies and relations in the social context also change. Both the young from the old curriculum as the new curriculum strengthen the appreciation of the humanization of relations in schools institution, making it clear that the greater the proximity between knowledge, teacher, student and working life, the more effective learning and integral formation for young. / A pesquisa abordou questões relacionadas às Políticas Públicas e Práticas Escolares e seus desdobramentos no campo da educação profissional técnica de nível médio integrada ao ensino médio, tendo como metodologia o estudo de caso do Curso Técnico em Edificações Integrado, em oferta no Campus Santa Rosa, uma das unidades de ensino do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Farroupilha (IF Farroupilha), do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Como técnica de produção dos dados empíricos, um questionário com perguntas abertas e fechadas foi aplicado aos estudantes. Neste contexto, espaço estratégico de produção do conhecimento, foi estudado, através da análise documental e dos questionários, como o currículo integrado vem sendo desenvolvido e quais são as significações que estão sendo construídas pelos jovens estudantes do curso acerca do currículo baseado nos pressupostos de formação integral do ser humano. Para essa análise, considerou-se que o currículo integrado, para chegar à efetiva superação da fragmentação curricular e da dualidade entre a formação para o trabalho intelectual e formação para o trabalho braçal, necessita do envolvimento de gestores, professores e estudantes, os quais são responsáveis por planejar, desenvolver e avaliar o currículo na esfera mais ampla da coletividade, da cooperação e do diálogo. A pesquisa enfoca as significações produzidas pelos jovens estudantes acerca da reestruturação do currículo do Curso Técnico em Edificações Integrado que ocorreu entre 2011 e 2013, que entrou em vigência em 2014, formando a primeira turma no novo currículo em 2016/2. Pesquisadores como Ciavatta (2005; 2012), Ramos (2005; 2008; 2012), Frigotto (2005; 2012) são os principais referenciais teóricos que deram suporte à reestruturação do currículo deste curso. Além desses pesquisadores, Arroyo (2013), Dayrell (2003; 2007; 2014), entre outros, deram base para a realização desta pesquisa. A produção dos dados ocorreu em dois momentos: 1) em 2015/2 com os jovens da última turma formanda do currículo antigo; e 2) em 2016/1 com a primeira turma a formar-se na nova estrutura curricular. Por meio da comparação do olhar dos jovens estudantes sobre o curso, foi possível perceber a validade e significativa mudança estrutural no currículo, como também as metodologias aplicadas para minimizar a fragmentação curricular. Contudo, mais importante que isso, foi reforçada a ideia de que para acontecer de fato um ensino com os pressupostos do currículo integrado chegando à formação integral do ser humano é necessário olhar os estudantes como jovens sociais e culturais situados historicamente, imersos no tempo contemporâneo em que ocorrem mudanças constantemente. Essas mudanças devem ser percebidas para que as metodologias e relações no contexto social também mudem. Tanto os jovens do antigo currículo quanto os do novo currículo reforçam a valorização da humanização das relações na instituição escolar, ficando claro que quanto maior a proximidade entre conhecimento, professor, estudante e mundo do trabalho, mais eficaz é a aprendizagem e a formação integral do jovem.