Scholars confirm that a huge proportion of black South African men are not participating in their children's upbringing, as a result, children face various challenges that impede their wellbeing. This study is of the view that there is still a need for further investigations to explore the effects of fatherlessness on children's wellbeing and to gain new perspectives on father absence within the context of black societies in South Africa. With that in mind, this study aimed to explore the impact of fatherlessness on the psychosocial wellbeing of young black South African men. The objectives of this study included investigating the following: (1) young men's experiences of growing up without their biological fathers; (2) the psychosocial effects of growing up without a biological father on young black men; (3) the ways in which fatherlessness shapes the development of a gendered (masculine) identity among young black men; and (4) to understand the ways in which fatherlessness shapes young men's participation in cultural practices that facilitate their transition to manhood (e.g. ulwaluko). A qualitative approach research approach was adopted for this study. Semi-structured interviews (face to face) were used for data collection, and both purposive sampling and snowball sampling methods were used to recruit participants for this study. The interviews were conducted with twenty-four (24) young black men (participants) who shared their experiences of growing up without the presence of their biological fathers. These participants resided in Langa township (Western Cape). The interviews were conducted during the third wave of Covid-19, so all the protocols to safeguard the spread of Covid-19 were observed. The data was analysed using thematic analysis. It further drew on the psychosocial developmental theory by Erik Erickson (1963) as a lens through which it reflects on young men's developmental processes and the ways in which such development is shaped by the absence of biological fathers. The findings suggest that many of the participants' conceptions of the roles of fathers were in line with the traditional views of fathers as financial providers, protectors, and disciplinarians. The results of this study also gave insight into challenges faced by young black men who grew up without their biological fathers. These challenges were related to their cultural identity, which then affected their capacity to build intimate relationships, affected them when they were undergoing ulwaluko, and affected their constructions of masculinity. Fatherlessness was also shown to have a negative impact on the education and psychosocial wellbeing of the young black men in the study.

Nesta dissertação, analiso as diferentes percepções de jovens negros moradores da região periférica de Mboi Mirim acerca de sua condição racial e os modos como a articulavam com outros marcadores sociais tais como, local de moradia e condição social . A partir da revisão dos estudos sobre juventude busco situar os jovens negros na literatura sobre a juventude brasileira. Toma-se o debate acerca da vulnerabilidade social e da heterogeneidade das situações de pobreza nas periferias para caracterizar as condições sociais da região em que os jovens entrevistados estão inseridos. Verificou-se que as percepções e construções acerca da cor ganham contornos diversos ao longo das trajetórias de vida dos jovens bem como de seus trajetos urbanos que os colocam em diferentes contextos de interação. / In this dissertation I analyze different perceptions of young black inhabitants from M\'Boi Mirim\'s poor neighborhoods about their racial condition, and the way they associate those perceptions with other social markers, such as their living and social conditions. Based on a review of studies about youth, I frame the young blacks in the literature about the brazilian youth. I took the debate about social vulnerability and heterogeneity in the context of poverty to characterize the social conditions where the young blacks are inserted. I verify that perceptions and \"constructions\" about color acquire not only diverse frameworks throughout the youth\'s life paths, but also their urban trajectories interacts with different contexts.

Nesta dissertação, analiso as diferentes percepções de jovens negros moradores da região periférica de Mboi Mirim acerca de sua condição racial e os modos como a articulavam com outros marcadores sociais tais como, local de moradia e condição social . A partir da revisão dos estudos sobre juventude busco situar os jovens negros na literatura sobre a juventude brasileira. Toma-se o debate acerca da vulnerabilidade social e da heterogeneidade das situações de pobreza nas periferias para caracterizar as condições sociais da região em que os jovens entrevistados estão inseridos. Verificou-se que as percepções e construções acerca da cor ganham contornos diversos ao longo das trajetórias de vida dos jovens bem como de seus trajetos urbanos que os colocam em diferentes contextos de interação. / In this dissertation I analyze different perceptions of young black inhabitants from M\'Boi Mirim\'s poor neighborhoods about their racial condition, and the way they associate those perceptions with other social markers, such as their living and social conditions. Based on a review of studies about youth, I frame the young blacks in the literature about the brazilian youth. I took the debate about social vulnerability and heterogeneity in the context of poverty to characterize the social conditions where the young blacks are inserted. I verify that perceptions and \"constructions\" about color acquire not only diverse frameworks throughout the youth\'s life paths, but also their urban trajectories interacts with different contexts.

Thesis (M.A. (Psychology))--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2005.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether young black adults who participate in sport differ in psychological well-being and psychosocial development from those who do not participate actively in sport. An availability sample of 293 students between 20 and 35 years old from three tertiary institutions in South Africa completed self-report measures of psychological well-being and psychosocial development. Reliability and validity of instruments were acceptable for use in this particular group. Students who participate actively in sport had significantly lower levels of negative affect, somatic symptoms, symptoms of depression and pessimistic life orientation, and significantly higher levels of positive affect, sense of coherence and self-efficacy beliefs. They also manifested higher levels of purpose and autonomy. Educational and policy implications of findings are indicated. Key words: Sport participation, physical activity, psychological well-being, psychosocial development, students, and young black adults / Thesis (M.A. (Psychology))--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2005.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether young black adults who participate in sport differ in psychological well-being and psychosocial development from those who do not participate actively in sport. An availability sample of 293 students between 20 and 35 years old from three tertiary institutions in South Africa completed self-report measures of psychological well-being and psychosocial development. Reliability and validity of instruments were acceptable for use in this particular group. Students who participate actively in sport had significantly lower levels of negative affect, somatic symptoms, symptoms of depression and pessimistic life orientation, and significantly higher levels of positive affect, sense of coherence and self-efficacy beliefs. They also manifested higher levels of purpose and autonomy. Educational and policy implications of findings are indicated. Key words: Sport participation, physical activity, psychological well-being, psychosocial development, students, and young black adults / Thesis (M.A. (Psychology))--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2005.

Hidden curriculum scholars have long since recognized the function of the visual in shaping the educational experiences of youth. Scholars have noted that the hidden curriculum of schooling has functioned as a primary socialization mechanism to reproduce capitalism, the state, gender, racial, and class-based inequalities. Today, urban high school spaces present both invisible and visible curricula that are shaped not only by the many images that comprise a school's visual culture, but also by the wider visual landscape. This is of particular import for working-class young Black women who are often framed and seen as social and economic problems within the discourse on urban schools/urban school failure. This discourse teaches. It is taught in and through the everyday visual texts, spaces, and places young Black women navigate to the point that the discourse linking Black femaleness, poverty, and failure becomes natural/normal. It is normalized to the point that it becomes "hidden in plain sight." The simultaneous transparency and invisibility of knowledge presents urban educators concerned about the Black girl and other youth of color with three intersecting problems. First, the educative role of the visual has been underexplored in the research literature on urban schools/urban schooling. Second, within the context of urban schools, we do not know enough about if and or how the educative role of the visual shapes young Black women's relationship with teaching and learning. Third, we do not know if or how the contentious relationship between visual learning inside and visual learning outside of school shapes young Black women's relationship with education as a formal institution and or a process. Given these three intersecting problems, this dissertation project centers on examining the educative impacts of place, visual culture, and design in an effort to fill the gap in the scholarship regarding this portion of the educational experiences of young Black women. Using visual ethnography and discourse analysis as primary methods, I engage a group of five primary student participants who attend a non-traditional, design-focused science and technology magnet school where they are one of the largest student cohorts. Einstein 2.0 is an instance of a progressive, non-normative, small learning community that is attentive to the power of the visual in shaping the teaching and learning experiences, especially for youth of color. In this way, it is a case that can help us better understand the challenges, opportunities, and complexities of harnessing the visual in the urban school context. In this study I argue that by creating a safe and emotionally engaging environment that rejects using punitive disciplinary frameworks and pseudo-factory/pseudo-prison design, Einstein's visual and school culture gave rise to an increased sense of emotional readiness for both producing and receiving knowledge that stands in sharp contrast to the more traditional ways urban schools often approach managing and controlling its student(s') body(ies). Given the increased role of the visual in shaping teaching and learning for youth in the 21st century urban context and the persistent link between young Black women and urban educational/societal failure, having the emotional readiness to deal with these challenges is crucial to their self-definitions (Collins, 2000) and internal motivation to reject and or exceed societal expectations. Using Einstein's approach to visual and organizational culture as a model, I make specific recommendations for educators tasked with or concerned about creating engaging school spaces for young Black women and other youth of color. These recommendations demand further attention to the ways that the visual, spatial, and emotional interact to contour the educational experiences and consumption practices of youth in urban America today. / Urban Education

Introduction: Intimate Partner Violence (IPV), also called domestic violence, is defined as any physical, psychological, or sexual violence, and emotional violence perpetrated by an intimate partner (CDC, 2016). Sexual violence or rape is defined as a sexual act committed against someone without that person’s freely-given consent (CDC, 2017). IPV is experienced among heterosexual women globally, although this phenomenon is not unique to this population. IPV also disproportionately affects young gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (MSM) (Stults et al., 2016). The purpose of this study is to examine the association between IPV victimization and the increased risk of HIV and other health outcomes among YBMSM. Methods: The 6-month follow-up was conducted in Jackson, MS. A total 600 YBMSM were eligible to participant in the study. The participants were recruited from two local clinics that were focused on diagnosing and treating STI’s. Also, recruiters promoted the opportunity to enroll in the study through social media, attending bars, and nightclubs. Inclusion criteria were: 1) assigned male at birth; 2) self-identification as Black/African American; 3) 15-29 years of age; 4) attending the clinic to be tested for HIV or other STIs, 5) having engaged in anal sex with a male partner at least once in the past 6 months, and 6) the ability to speak and comprehend English. Results: The overall study sample consisted of 600 YMSM. All participants were identified as African–American. The average age of the sample was 22.6 years (SD=±3.2). Bottoms were more likely to experience rape (AOR=1.7,CI 1.1,2.6; p=.02). YBMSM who experienced IPV since enrolling in the study, as compared to those who did not experience IPV, were more likely to use marijuana, alcohol, crack, and painkillers (AOR=7.7 ,CI 5.1,11.7; p= Conclusion: These findings suggest that IPV and Rape shows a significant association with decreased condom use, decreased condom negotiation, sexual position, drug use and HIV risk among YBMSM in Jackson, MS.

Esse trabalho de pesquisa teve por objetivo estudar o fenômeno da discriminação racial presente no ambiente escolar, para que assim, pudéssemos compreender como as práticas educativas reforçam ou não, esse processo. Optou-se por uma abordagem qualitativa na modalidade história de vida, como instrumento de coleta de dados. Foram entrevistados dez jovens negros que freqüentaram em suas séries iniciais do ensino fundamental uma mesma escola pública situada em um conjunto habitacional popular de Ribeirão Preto. Nessas entrevistas eles relataram as vivências de discriminação racial ocorridas durante sua trajetória escolar. Os resultados obtidos apontaram a maneira como a discriminação racial, enquanto um fenômeno social se manifesta no interior da escolar. Procuramos identificar, a partir da representação dos próprios jovens participantes, como as práticas racistas presentes no cotidiano escolar impactaram as relações interpessoais entre estes e os demais estudantes. A ausência de ações pedagógicas planejadas pela escola como forma de mediar os conflitos raciais também foi alvo de problematização de nossa pesquisa. / This research job has as objective the racial segregation phenomenon present in school ambient in order to understand if the educational practices reinforce this process. It was chosen a qualitative boarding considering their lives history as data collection. It was interviewed ten young black people who attended the same public school on their first classes of the fundamental teaching, placed in a popular condominium in Ribeirão Preto. On these interviews they mentioned their racial segregation experiences occurred during their school path. The achieved results indicate the manner how the racial segregation, as a social phenomenon is manifested in the interior of the school. We tried to identify, from the representation of the own participant young people, how the racist practices present on the school quotidian caused impact on the interpersonal relationship between them and the other students. The absence of pedagogical actions planed by the school as a manner of mediate the racial conflicts was also the target of our research.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T13:31:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Elcimar Dias Pereira.pdf: 2061219 bytes, checksum: 37a24fd27945253471b18ce933932b8c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-06-20 / Fundação Ford / This research aims to contribute to an understanding of the meaning of sexuality for young black women and is based on constructionism in social psychology within an analysis of discursive practices. A literature review of theses and dissertations was carried out in the first stage, in order to examine the relevant discourse on the area studied. A strategic methodological choice was made to use three focus groups of young women who identified themselves as black and had contact with the Casa da Juventude Pe. Burnier (Father Burnier Youth Center), located in the municipality of Goiânia. During the first focus group the research aims were presented, the participants were introduced to one another, and expectations were raised about participating in a research project on the themes of sexuality and race. During the second focus group, a discussion was first held on various issues identified by the participants about what they had heard about the sexuality of black women, and in order to feed the debate, participants then heard themes taken from various theses and dissertations so that they could express their opinions about them as well. The third focus group discussed themes identified during the second focus group. An analysis was made using dialogue lists that allowed for aggregating various themes discussed under two main areas: a) The black woman as a sexual object: a perspective based on race and b) The black woman and sexuality: a question of race or gender? Through these two areas it was possible to identify the various meanings of sexuality as they intersected with ideas put forth by institutions such as the church, media and family. The participants demonstrated at the same time a desire to fully experience their sexuality without being bound to these institutions and apprehension about not adhering to the rules inherent in these three institutions. It is hoped that this study will contribute to the unfamiliarity of terms that serve to reinforce pejorative ideas about the sexuality of black women, opening the possibility of building new discourses / Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo entender os sentidos de sexualidade para jovens mulheres negras, apoiando-se, para tal, na perspectiva construcionista da Psicologia Social voltada à análise de práticas discursivas. Em um primeiro momento, foi realizada a busca de repertórios sobre o tema em Teses e Dissertações, um dos espaços em que circulam os discursos sobre o assunto pesquisado. Como estratégia metodológica foram realizados três grupos focais dos quais participaram jovens que se auto-identificavam como negras e tinham algum tipo de contato com a Casa da Juventude Pe. Burnier, situada no município de Goiânia. O primeiro grupo foi um momento para apresentação da pesquisa, das participantes, bem como do levantamento de expectativas sobre participar de uma pesquisa que abordasse o tema sexualidade e raça. O segundo grupo teve como discussão inicial os elementos trazidos pelas interlocutoras sobre o que ouviram falar acerca da sexualidade da mulher negra e, para instigar o debate, foram acrescentadas frases oriundas das Teses e Dissertações, para que as participantes também expusessem as suas opiniões a respeito. O terceiro grupo consistiu na retomada dos temas levantados no segundo encontro. A análise foi realizada utilizando mapas dialógicos que possibilitaram agregar vários temas abordados em dois conjuntos: a. A mulher negra como objeto sexual: olhar a partir das nomeações relativas à raça e b. Mulher negra e sexualidade: uma questão de raça ou de gênero? Dessa maneira foi possível identificar os diversos sentidos sobre sexualidade que estavam atravessados por noções disseminadas pelas instituições Igreja, Mídia e Família. As interlocutoras demonstraram, ao mesmo tempo, um desejo de vivenciar sua sexualidade sem as amarras de tais instituições e receios de burlar as regras instituídas nesses espaços. Espera-se que este trabalho possa contribuir para a desfamiliarização de termos que contribuem para reificar idéias pejorativas acerca da sexualidade da mulher negra, abrindo a possibilidade da construção de novos discursos