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<p><p><p><p>The purpose of this study was to gain more knowledge of which discourses dominate the courts’ decisions concerning sentences for young sexual offenders. The issues touched upon were which circumstances the courts find important and which discourses reflect those circumstances when deciding on sentences for young sexual offenders as well as how children that commit crimes are constructed by the court. The study looked at cases of sexual offence where the offender was between 15 and 17 years old, and was based on judgements established at the Stockholm district courts in 2007 and 2008. The method used was content analysis, both manifesto and latent. By using content analysis the information was structured into a manageable basis for the following discourse analysis, which was implemented according to the theory for this study described in King and Piper’s (1995) book How the Law Thinks About Children. Discourse analysis gave an insight into which discourses are most prominent in verdicts against young sexual offenders. The results show that the social services’ recommendations are not given much importance in the courts’ decisions of suitable sentences for young sexual offenders. A majority of the youths were sentenced to criminal punishment such as a youth community order service and a youth detention order. Factors of particular importance in the verdicts are the specifics of the crime, whether or not the offenders understood or should have understood that they were committing a crime, responsibility, age, consent, suitable sentences as well as the credibility and reliability of given statements. The young defendants were constructed by the courts as criminals with regard to the criminal act and the youths’ responsibility for the action. The offenders’ personal and social situation was not given particular importance.</p></p></p></p>

Adolescence is a risk period for offending and head injury (HI), with rates of HI in young offender populations frequently exceeding those in the community. Poor parenting practices have been associated with increased risk of offending and development of reactive and proactive aggression. Preliminary research suggests HI may discriminate offender profiles within young offenders, but the influence of HI on offending alongside parenting and aggression is less well known. This study explored the relationships between parenting practices, reactive and proactive aggression, HI and offending in a sample of male young offenders from a Young Offender Institute (n=98) using self report data. A history of at least one HI was reported by 73.5%, with 61.1% reporting a knock out from their worst HI. Poor supervision emerged as a key predictor: predicting knock out history, indicators of offending and reactive and proactive aggression. Repeated HI was predictive of reactive aggression and a knock out history predicted earlier age of first offence. The impact of HI on outcomes via neuropsychological sequelea or as a “marker” for contextual risk factors such as poor supervision and reactive aggression are examined. Clinical implications for young offenders are discussed.

The purpose of this study was to gain more knowledge of which discourses dominate the courts’ decisions concerning sentences for young sexual offenders. The issues touched upon were which circumstances the courts find important and which discourses reflect those circumstances when deciding on sentences for young sexual offenders as well as how children that commit crimes are constructed by the court. The study looked at cases of sexual offence where the offender was between 15 and 17 years old, and was based on judgements established at the Stockholm district courts in 2007 and 2008. The method used was content analysis, both manifesto and latent. By using content analysis the information was structured into a manageable basis for the following discourse analysis, which was implemented according to the theory for this study described in King and Piper’s (1995) book How the Law Thinks About Children. Discourse analysis gave an insight into which discourses are most prominent in verdicts against young sexual offenders. The results show that the social services’ recommendations are not given much importance in the courts’ decisions of suitable sentences for young sexual offenders. A majority of the youths were sentenced to criminal punishment such as a youth community order service and a youth detention order. Factors of particular importance in the verdicts are the specifics of the crime, whether or not the offenders understood or should have understood that they were committing a crime, responsibility, age, consent, suitable sentences as well as the credibility and reliability of given statements. The young defendants were constructed by the courts as criminals with regard to the criminal act and the youths’ responsibility for the action. The offenders’ personal and social situation was not given particular importance.

Este estudo, intitulado Adolescente infrator: A mediação prevista na nova Lei do Sistema Nacional de Atendimento Socioeducativo (SINASE) na cidade do Rio de Janeiro trata da mediação na vertente transformativa, com o objetivo de permitir nova ótica sobre a conduta infratora e as consequências dos atos no mundo social. Esta forma de atuação, dentre outros benefícios, pode evitar o desgaste jurisdicional, na medida em que os casos selecionados a partir de suas características passam a ser operados por especialistas em composição pacífica de conflitos, com a perspectiva de seres humanos que necessitam da inter-relação no convívio social. Os mediadores trabalham com os adolescentes em conflito com a lei, seus pais e as vítimas. Destarte, verificando as circunstâncias favoráveis à mediação, passa-se ao diálogo para alcançar um acordo, mantendo-se o centro da intervenção no conflito e na relação dos conflitantes, incentivando a capacitação para a negociação a partir do reconhecimento do direito do outro, produzindo a transformação interna dos litigantes que causará, como efeito desejado, a dissolução do conflito. A princípio os mediadores devem atuar apenas em fatos de menor potencial ofensivo, como agressões leves e outros conflitos entre adolescentes. Com o passar do tempo e o aperfeiçoamento da prática, é possível abarcar outras classes de prática infracional, a exemplo de pequenos furtos. Para tanto, na fase de pesquisa, tentando-se explicar a mediação transformadora a partir das referências teóricas publicadas em livros ou obras congêneres, utilizou-se a técnica bibliográfica; na fase da redação, ordenou-se o material coletado, segundo a lógica necessária à elaboração de um trabalho científico. O método a presidir este estudo foi o dedutivo, na medida em que parte da análise geral das crianças e dos adolescentes, em especial aqueles em conflito com a lei, para depois apresentar a teoria geral da mediação e em seguida, numa abordagem mais particular, enfrentar as questões envolvendo a mediação no Sistema Nacional de Atendimento Socioeducativo (SINASE) para, ao final, defender que é preciso desvendar o marco normativo que autoriza a prática da mediação como instrumento de resolução de questões relacionadas com o adolescente em conflito com a lei, para identificar a natureza jurídica desse modelo de mediação e, ao final, a título de sugestão, desenhar seu procedimento não estabelecido pela lei material que a prevê, qual seja, a Lei n 12.594, de 18 de janeiro de 2012. O grande desafio é establecer a metodologia adequada para que a autocomposição de conflito seja restaurativa ao adolescente infrator e aos integrantes desse conflito instaurado. O resgate do meio social abalado com a prática infracional é tão importante quanto a conscientização do adolescente. A pretensão é sugerir um marco normativo que posicione o procedimento da mediação como instrumento de ligação do indivíduo adolescente infrator, com o ambiente social onde está inserido, e com o formalismo processual que vem afastando o Poder Judiciário de sua função social de dizer o direito e fazer justiça. / This paper entitled Young Offender: from the island of exclusion to the bridge of social re-integration based on the concept of mediation found in the new Act SINASE focuses on transformative mediation with a view to shedding new light on the conduct disorder and its consequences to society. This form of action, among some other benefits, may avoid taking such cases to Court, as they may be dealt with according to their features by experts in conflicts aiming at guiding the human beings in need of establishing bonds in social life. The mediators work with young offenders who are in conflict with the law, their parents and their victims. Having checked the circumstances favourable to the mediation, the mediator establishes a clear conversation with all of them, focusing primarily on the conflict itself and the relationship among them. The mediator encourages negotiation taking into account their different views, which provides appropriate conditions for the internal transformation of the litigants and hopefully produces the dissolution of the major conflict. The mediators should initially deal with only less serious cases, such as assaults and other minor conflicts among adolescents. As the mediators get more experienced, they may also focus on some other types of law infractions like petty thefts, for instance. In order to achieve satisfactory results, the mediation has been initially explained according to the Literature in this area and in a second phase the necessary data to write a piece of scientific work was collected. A deductive methodology has been adopted and to start with there is an overall analysis of children and adolescents, particularly those in conflict with the law. The general theory of mediation is then addressed followed by a particular approach on the issues concerning mediation in SINASE. Finally it is argued that it is necessary to unravel the regulatory framework which authorizes the practice of mediation as a tool for addressing issues related to adolescents in conflict with the law. The main objective is to identify the legal nature of this type of mediation and establish its use which has not been addressed in Law No. 12594 of January 18, 2002 which originally makes reference to it. The greatest challenge is to find the appropriate methodology and to guarantee that the way to conduct the conflict becomes restorative for both the young offender and the other members involved in it. The attempt to rescue the social environment affected by the law infraction is as important as the effort to raise the adolescent&#8223;s awareness of the issue. It is intended to suggest a regulatory framework that sets the procedure of mediation as a tool to connect the young offender, the social environment and the procedural rules that have prevented the judicial system to perform its main duty which is to do justice to society.

Este estudo, intitulado Adolescente infrator: A mediação prevista na nova Lei do Sistema Nacional de Atendimento Socioeducativo (SINASE) na cidade do Rio de Janeiro trata da mediação na vertente transformativa, com o objetivo de permitir nova ótica sobre a conduta infratora e as consequências dos atos no mundo social. Esta forma de atuação, dentre outros benefícios, pode evitar o desgaste jurisdicional, na medida em que os casos selecionados a partir de suas características passam a ser operados por especialistas em composição pacífica de conflitos, com a perspectiva de seres humanos que necessitam da inter-relação no convívio social. Os mediadores trabalham com os adolescentes em conflito com a lei, seus pais e as vítimas. Destarte, verificando as circunstâncias favoráveis à mediação, passa-se ao diálogo para alcançar um acordo, mantendo-se o centro da intervenção no conflito e na relação dos conflitantes, incentivando a capacitação para a negociação a partir do reconhecimento do direito do outro, produzindo a transformação interna dos litigantes que causará, como efeito desejado, a dissolução do conflito. A princípio os mediadores devem atuar apenas em fatos de menor potencial ofensivo, como agressões leves e outros conflitos entre adolescentes. Com o passar do tempo e o aperfeiçoamento da prática, é possível abarcar outras classes de prática infracional, a exemplo de pequenos furtos. Para tanto, na fase de pesquisa, tentando-se explicar a mediação transformadora a partir das referências teóricas publicadas em livros ou obras congêneres, utilizou-se a técnica bibliográfica; na fase da redação, ordenou-se o material coletado, segundo a lógica necessária à elaboração de um trabalho científico. O método a presidir este estudo foi o dedutivo, na medida em que parte da análise geral das crianças e dos adolescentes, em especial aqueles em conflito com a lei, para depois apresentar a teoria geral da mediação e em seguida, numa abordagem mais particular, enfrentar as questões envolvendo a mediação no Sistema Nacional de Atendimento Socioeducativo (SINASE) para, ao final, defender que é preciso desvendar o marco normativo que autoriza a prática da mediação como instrumento de resolução de questões relacionadas com o adolescente em conflito com a lei, para identificar a natureza jurídica desse modelo de mediação e, ao final, a título de sugestão, desenhar seu procedimento não estabelecido pela lei material que a prevê, qual seja, a Lei n 12.594, de 18 de janeiro de 2012. O grande desafio é establecer a metodologia adequada para que a autocomposição de conflito seja restaurativa ao adolescente infrator e aos integrantes desse conflito instaurado. O resgate do meio social abalado com a prática infracional é tão importante quanto a conscientização do adolescente. A pretensão é sugerir um marco normativo que posicione o procedimento da mediação como instrumento de ligação do indivíduo adolescente infrator, com o ambiente social onde está inserido, e com o formalismo processual que vem afastando o Poder Judiciário de sua função social de dizer o direito e fazer justiça. / This paper entitled Young Offender: from the island of exclusion to the bridge of social re-integration based on the concept of mediation found in the new Act SINASE focuses on transformative mediation with a view to shedding new light on the conduct disorder and its consequences to society. This form of action, among some other benefits, may avoid taking such cases to Court, as they may be dealt with according to their features by experts in conflicts aiming at guiding the human beings in need of establishing bonds in social life. The mediators work with young offenders who are in conflict with the law, their parents and their victims. Having checked the circumstances favourable to the mediation, the mediator establishes a clear conversation with all of them, focusing primarily on the conflict itself and the relationship among them. The mediator encourages negotiation taking into account their different views, which provides appropriate conditions for the internal transformation of the litigants and hopefully produces the dissolution of the major conflict. The mediators should initially deal with only less serious cases, such as assaults and other minor conflicts among adolescents. As the mediators get more experienced, they may also focus on some other types of law infractions like petty thefts, for instance. In order to achieve satisfactory results, the mediation has been initially explained according to the Literature in this area and in a second phase the necessary data to write a piece of scientific work was collected. A deductive methodology has been adopted and to start with there is an overall analysis of children and adolescents, particularly those in conflict with the law. The general theory of mediation is then addressed followed by a particular approach on the issues concerning mediation in SINASE. Finally it is argued that it is necessary to unravel the regulatory framework which authorizes the practice of mediation as a tool for addressing issues related to adolescents in conflict with the law. The main objective is to identify the legal nature of this type of mediation and establish its use which has not been addressed in Law No. 12594 of January 18, 2002 which originally makes reference to it. The greatest challenge is to find the appropriate methodology and to guarantee that the way to conduct the conflict becomes restorative for both the young offender and the other members involved in it. The attempt to rescue the social environment affected by the law infraction is as important as the effort to raise the adolescent&#8223;s awareness of the issue. It is intended to suggest a regulatory framework that sets the procedure of mediation as a tool to connect the young offender, the social environment and the procedural rules that have prevented the judicial system to perform its main duty which is to do justice to society.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-08T16:59:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Daniel.pdf: 14575 bytes, checksum: fd55f0516134860970e40416a2086111 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-05 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The history of an institution such as the Young Offender Rural Facility of Anitapolis (Santa Catarina, Brazil), rather than being an analysis restricted to the events of a particular institution or even mere expression of a regional and national situation, appears to the historian as a possibility to reconstruct stories of children and young people, their trajectory, their social and educational integration and their resistance to the public policies in the First Republic (1889-1930). The Young Offender Rural Facility of Anitapolis, from its founding in 1918 until the end of its activities in 1930, presents us with interesting elements to the understanding of the stay of those children, mostly from Rio de Janeiro, at that institution. Understanding the institution in its internal dynamics, its networks of relationships established between its residents or with its educational agents provides us with important instruments to understand the complexity of relationships and behaviors of people commonly investigated only in the production area. The location of the institution and its demands, however, can not be seen leaving aside the area of education and work, since people act simultaneously in both worlds. The world of education and the world of work, as well as the Colonial Center and the Young Offender Rural Facility, are connected by the experiences and everyday practices of the minors and their teachers, seen as social subjects in this perspective. Thus, the life at the Facility is directly linked to the life of the Colonial Center (Anitapolis), making it necessary to observe what are the channels of dialogue, in which the games of power and rights disputes are played. The dissertation was organized into three chapters. In the first chapter, entitled Action and perspective of the State on minors, we present a scenario of the Brazilian government position in relation to public policies regarding children. In the second chapter, called The Young Offender Rural Facility of Anitapolis, we investigated the pedagogical and social-administrative practices present in the institution and imposed by the pedagogy of progress. In the third chapter, entitled Action and perspective of the subjects: the minors and the Rural Facility, we researched the existing relations of sociability between inmates in the Rural Facility as well as with the Colonial Center. Several documents were investigated, such as official letters, messages, reports and information related to the Rural Facility, the Colonial Center of Anitapolis, and the Ministry of Agriculture, Industry and Trade, between the years 1918 and 1930. A research was also done in newspapers, reports of the Governors of Santa Catarina and documentary collections on police, minority and legislation over the period. In this thesis we reflected on the inclusion of these young people and their relationships with the institution of education and correction, focusing mainly on the analysis of forms of participation of children and young people in the institution and their interaction with the colonial Center / A história de uma instituição como o Patronato Agrícola de Anitápolis (Santa Catarina, Brasil), antes de se tratar de uma análise restrita aos acontecimentos de uma determinada instituição ou, ao contrário, simples expressão da conjuntura regional e nacional, aparece para o historiador como uma possibilidade de reconstruir histórias de crianças e jovens, suas trajetórias, sua inserção social e educacional e suas resistências às políticas públicas na Primeira República (1889- 1930). O Patronato Agrícola de Anitápolis, desde sua criação em 1918, até o término de suas atividades, em 1930, nos apresenta elementos instigantes para a compreensão da estadia dos menores, vindos em sua maioria do Rio de Janeiro, neste estabelecimento. Compreender a instituição em sua dinâmica interna, suas redes de relacionamentos estabelecidas entre seus moradores ou com seus agentes educacionais fornece-nos instrumentos importantes para entender a complexidade das relações e dos comportamentos de pessoas comumente investigadas apenas no espaço produtivo. O local da instituição e suas demandas, no entanto, não podem ser entendidos desvinculados do espaço do ensino e do trabalho, uma vez que as pessoas atuam, simultaneamente, nestes dois universos. O universo do ensino e o universo do trabalho, assim como o Núcleo Colonial e o Patronato Agrícola, estão conectados pelas experiências e práticas cotidianas dos menores e de seus educadores, vistos nesta perspectiva como sujeitos sociais. Desta forma, a vida do Patronato está diretamente vinculada à vida do Núcleo Colonial (Anitápolis), tornando-se necessário observar quais são os canais de interlocução em que os jogos de poder e as disputas por direitos são travados. A dissertação foi organizada em três capítulos. No primeiro capítulo, intitulado A açãoe a ótica do Estado sobre os menores, apresentamos um cenário das posições do Estado brasileiro em relação às políticas públicas relativas à infância. No segundo capítulo, denominado O Patronato Agrícola de Anitápolis, investigamos as práticas pedagógicas e sócio-administrativas vigentes na instituição e impostas pela pedagogia do progresso. No terceiro capítulo, intitulado A ação e a ótica dos sujeitos: os menores e o Patronato pesquisamos as relações de sociabilidade existentes entre os internos no Patronato Agrícola e destes com o Núcleo Colonial. Trabalhamos com diversos documentos, tais como ofícios, mensagens, relatórios e informativos vinculados ao Patronato Agrícola, ao Núcleo Colonial Anitápolis, e ao Ministério da Agricultura, Indústria e Comércio, entre os anos de 1918 a 1930. As pesquisas também foram feitas em periódicos (jornais), relatórios dos Governadores de Santa Catarina e nos fundos/coleções documentais sobre polícia, menoridade e legislação vigente sobre o período. Nesta pesquisa refletimos sobre a inclusão desses jovens e suas relações com a própria instituição de educação e correção, enfatizando principalmente a análise das formas de participação das crianças e jovens na instituição e em sua interação com o núcleo colonial História da Infância e Juventude. Patronato Agrícola. Menoridade

<p>This qualitative study looks at the experiences of youth reentering their communities after serving a custodial sentence. Interviews were conducted from the perspectives of five key informants, including youth counselors and probation officers. Based on these conversations, the nuances of youth reentry were explored in-depth. These pages contain personal stories regarding the successes and challenges that come with reentry and reentry programming. Based on the findings and relevant literature, recommendations and suggestions on how to improve reentry are made. Further, in contrast to dominant recidivism-based understandings of success, this study promotes a more holistic understanding of successful reentry outcomes.</p> / Master of Social Work (MSW)