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This thesis discusses the development of Hymnody in Zambian churches since Christian missions came to Zambia late in the 19th and early 20th centuries. It begins with a brief description of Zambia's geographical and political position, the establishment of major missions, and the history of some of the main Zambian hymn books: PEMS, LMS & CMML, UMCA, AMEC, BIC, RCZ, MMS and CCAP. Twenty hymnals from Europe and America from which translations of English hymns were developed, have been selected. These are compared with the Union Bemba hymnal published in 1932 for the LMS and the CMML in Zambia. This hymnal also shares many hymns in common with the four Zambian hymnals: (RCZ), (AMEC),(CCAP) and (UMCA), as illustrated in Appendix A. The thesis reviews the problems of translated hymnody in Zambia, as caused by problems of melody, intonation and metre, and the way in which language and cultural differences have resulted in loss or distortion of useful meanings of the original hymns. Despite early efforts made by some missionaries to contextualize worship in the country, missionary policy in general ignored the many valuable musical resources available among the Zambians. Nevertheless, there is a tradition of indigenous Zambian hymnody, exemplified in the Tumbuka hymns of Northern Zambia and Malaroi, the hymns composed by the school girls at Mbeleshi, the Ngwewa hymns and other indigenous hymns of the Methodist Church, the AME Church indigenous hymns and the Lumpa Church hymns. The thesis examines the process of revision of translated hymns, stating those hymns that, through revision work, have been transformed into Zambian hymnody, and those that have been omitted. It discusses the church choir movement in Zambia and the choir action songs with their prominent features, circulating in Zambian churches but which remain oral supplements to the translated hymns. The thesis explores the traditional resources on which Zambia's indigenous hymnody can draw, in form, content, and instru1nentation, such as Zambian traditional singers: such as royal singers, ceremonial singers and society oriented songsters; Occasion songs: such as entertainment and social songs, songs by preservationist traditional singers, funeral dirges and dedication songs; and modern folk singers, as well as Zambian instruments. The thesis ends with suggestions for a Composite Hymnal as a logical, economical and unifying tool for hymnody in Zambian churches, which Zambians themselves have a duty to create.

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Master of Science - Science / The transportation of aerosols and trace gas material from industrial activities and biomass burning in southern Africa has received widespread attention from scientists over the past decade. Dominant circulation patterns in the sub-region facilitate the southward transportation of sulphur pollutants from the pyromerturllugical processing of copper in Zambia and the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), and products of biomass burning from countries in the sub-region in general. This research focuses on the contribution of industrial pollutants from the Zambian Copperbelt and products of biomass burning in the sub-region to total aerosol loading over South Africa. The seasonality of air transport over the region in general, and South Africa in particular, is determined from different transport fields and their frequency of occurrence. Data supplied by the European Center for Medium Range Weather Forecasting (ECMWF) has been used to run trajectories for the summer, autumn, winter and spring seasons for southern Africa for the years 1990-1994. Forward trajectories have been calculated for the 850, 800, 750 and 700hPa geopotential heights, from Kitwe (12.9° S, 28.2° E, 1262m above mean sea level), at 2.5° resolution. The wall programme has been used as a tool for analysis. Trajectories show widespread recirculation over the subcontinent, resulting in a net transportation of sulphate aerosols from the Zambian Copperbelt. Biomass burning products are likely to join this plume, especially during the late winter and spring seasons. During the summer, air transport is mainly to the west, via Angola and the Democratic Republic of Congo, off the eastern Atlantic towards southern America.

Magister Scientiae (Physiotherapy) - MSc(Physio) / The increasing spread of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), especially in the lowand middle-income countries calls for a more holistic and cost-effective measure to reduce its impact on society. One of the methods advocated for achieving this is health promotion. The Zambian government has called for a shift from curative to preventive management of diseases, including NCDs. Therefore, health professionals are being called upon to redirect their health care management approaches towards preventative care, incorporating health promotion. The study aimed at examining the knowledge, attitudes, practices and perceptions of physiotherapy practitioners and general medical practitioners in Zambia regarding their role in health promotion for NCDs in the hospitals of the Southern Province, Zambia. A sequential explanatory mixed method approach was employed. The quantitative results revealed 98% knowledge of general medical practitioners compared to the 90.6% of the physiotherapists. For attitude, physiotherapists possessed a more positive attitude with 86% while general medical practitioners possessed 80%. Lastly, the study revealed that physiotherapists practise health promotion more than the general medical practitioners, with a 96.2% and 67.7% respectively. The logistic regression showed no significance between the knowledge and attitude scores of the two groups of health practitioners. However, the practice scores revealed that physiotherapists are four times more like to incorporate health promotion compared to the general medical doctors. Both types of health practitioners were of the view that health promotion is the way forward towards the fight against NCDs. However, a number of challenges were echoed that prevent the implementation of a holistic approach management in their practice. Most of the challenges prevalent in these hospitals are policy-based, hence the need for policy makers to intervene for the fight against NCDs.

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<p>The study aims to assess the characteristics of donor funding for national tuberculosis, malaria and HIV programmes to Zambia over an 8 year period in order to inform it&rsquo / s more effective and efficient utilization.</p>

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<p>The purpose of the study was to explore the need for physiotherapy support for teachers in selected inclusive schools in Zambia. The study aimed to determine teachers skills and teachers attitudes as they included learners with physical disabilities in their classrooms.</p>