Submitted by Cleide Dantas (cleidedantas@ufpa.br) on 2014-07-28T16:37:42Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Dissertacao_PesquisaAnticorposAntitoxoplasma.pdf: 1943667 bytes, checksum: 85d0bf150a0ccfebe495aa84871adaba (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Rosa Silva (arosa@ufpa.br) on 2014-09-11T17:05:32Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Dissertacao_PesquisaAnticorposAntitoxoplasma.pdf: 1943667 bytes, checksum: 85d0bf150a0ccfebe495aa84871adaba (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-09-11T17:05:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Dissertacao_PesquisaAnticorposAntitoxoplasma.pdf: 1943667 bytes, checksum: 85d0bf150a0ccfebe495aa84871adaba (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / A toxoplasmose, uma das zoonoses mais difundidas no mundo, é causada pelo Toxoplasma gondii, um protozoário que tem os felídeos como únicos hospedeiros definitivos. Avaliou-se 21 animais de quatro espécies, gato-mourisco (Herpailurus yaguarondi), jaguatirica (Leopardus pardalis), gato-maracajá (Leopardus wiedii), onça-pintada e preta (Panthera onca) a fim de averiguar a situação da toxoplasmose em dois municípios do estado do Pará, utilizando dois testes sorológicos, a hemaglutinação indireta (HAI) e aglutinação direta modificada (MAT), além de exame coproparasitológico. Dos animais testados, 18 (85,72%) foram positivos. Doze (57,14%) animais foram soropositivos pela técnica HAI e, 14 (66,66%) pela técnica MAT. Não houve diferença estatística entre a soropositividade e os gêneros, nas duas técnicas utilizadas. No gênero Herpailurus encontrou-se 4,6% de soropositividade em ambos os testes; no Leopardus, 19,05% na HAI e 28,57% na MAT; e, no Panthera, 33,33% nas duas técnicas. Foi constatado resultado coincidente em 11 animais. Comparando-se as duas técnicas, não houve diferença estatística. A titulação mais alta foi verificada em um gato-maracajá (1024), na MAT. Não foi encontrado oocisto de T. gondii nas fezes de nenhum dos animais estudados. Verificou-se que há uma alta ocorrência da toxoplasmose nos municípios estudados e que ambas as técnicas utilizadas são eficazes no diagnóstico sorológico desta doença. / Toxoplasmosis is one of the most widespread zoonosis in the world caused by Toxoplasma gondii, a protozoan that has in felids its unique and definitive host. Twenty one animals of four species were avaluated, Jaguarundi (Herpailurus yaguarondi), Ocelot (Leopardus pardalis), Margay (Leopardus wiedii), Jaguars (Panthera onca) to investigate the occurrence of toxoplasmosis in two municipalities of Pará State, using two serological assays, indirect hemagglutination, (IHA), direct modified agglutination (MAT) and coproparasitologic examination. From the tested animals, 18 were positive (85,72%). Twelve (57,14%) animals by the IHA and 14 (66,66%) by the MAT, were seropositive. In both utilized techniques there were no statistical differences between seropositivity and the genus. In the Herpailurus genus 4,6% of seropositivity was found in both tests; in the Leopardus 19,05% by IHA and 28,57% by MAT; and in the Panthera 33,33% in both techniques. Similar results were verified in 11 animals. Comparing both techniques, there were no statistical differences. Higher titers were obtained from a margay (1024) by MAT. No oocysts of T. gondii were found in the studied animals. It was verified high occurrence of toxoplasmosis in the studied areas and both techniques are efficient for serologic diagnoses of this disease.

Submitted by Cleide Dantas (cleidedantas@ufpa.br) on 2014-07-28T15:14:47Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Dissertacao_InvestigacaoSoroepidemiologicaBrucelose.pdf: 308098 bytes, checksum: b3fd5f9507ad94e60dd1653ab755d98c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Rosa Silva (arosa@ufpa.br) on 2014-09-12T12:13:16Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Dissertacao_InvestigacaoSoroepidemiologicaBrucelose.pdf: 308098 bytes, checksum: b3fd5f9507ad94e60dd1653ab755d98c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-09-12T12:13:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Dissertacao_InvestigacaoSoroepidemiologicaBrucelose.pdf: 308098 bytes, checksum: b3fd5f9507ad94e60dd1653ab755d98c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O objetivo do trabalho foi a detecção de anticorpos anti - Brucella abortus e anti – Leptospira interrogans em soros de eqüídeos e seus tratadores nos bairros das cidades de Belém e Ananindeua, abrangendo os meses de abril a agosto de 2005, utilizando para este fim, 195 soros sanguíneos de eqüídeos e 70 soros sanguíneos de homens que manipulavam os animais direta ou indiretamente. Para a pesquisa de animais sororeagentes à B. abortus, foram usadas as provas do Antígeno Acidificado Tamponado (AAT) como teste de triagem e a Soro Aglutinação Lenta em Tubos (SAL) e o teste do 2-Mercaptoetanol (2-ME), como teste confirmatórios. Para a Leptospirose, foi utilizada a prova de Soroaglutinação Microscópica (SAM), sendo realizada a triagem dos soros frente à 25 sorovares de L. interrogans, considerando-se positivos aquelas amostras com titulação igual ou maior que 100. De 195 amostras de soros sanguíneos de eqüídeos, 184 (94,87%) foram positivas para todos os sorovares analisados, sendo que os mais frequentemente encontrados foram: Patoc, Automnalis, Ictehaemohragiae, Pyrogenes e Bratislava. Para as amostras sanguíneas de homens, a positividade foi de 49 (70%) de soros reagentes, com os sorovares Patoc, Ictehaemohragiae, Bratislava, Butembo, Copenhageni e Automnalis os mais detectados. Das amostras positivas de animais e seus respectivos tratadores, 47/70 (67,14%) foram semelhantes para os mesmos sorovares de Leptospira spp., sendo que 2/70 (2,86%) amostras foram negativas em ambos os grupos pesquisados, 2/70 (2,86%) foram somente positivas em homens e 19/70 (27,14%) foram exclusivamente positivas nas amostras de soros de eqüídeos. Os bairros do Coqueiro, Guamá, 40 horas, Barreiro e Bengui apresentaram a maior percentagem de casos soropositivos. Não houve diferença significativa em relação às outras variantes estudadas, como: idade (animal e homem), tempo de serviço (animal e homem), espécie do animal, escore corporal do animal e grau de instrução do homem. Tanto nos animais quanto nos homens não foram detectadas reações positivas para B. abortus. / The objective of the work was the detention of antibodies anti - Brucella abortus and anti - Leptospira interrogans in serum of equines and equine workers of the quarters of the cities of Belém and Ananindeua, enclosing the months from April to August of 2005, using for this end, 195 sanguineous serum of eqquines and 70 sanguineous serum of men that manipulated the animals direct or indirectly. For the research of reagents serum of animals to B. abortus, the tests used had been Antigen Acidified Test (AAT), as a selection test, and slow seroagglutination (SAL) and and the 2-mercaptoetanol (2-ME) as confirmatory tests. To Leptospirosis, the test used was of microscopical seroagglutination being carried through the selection of the serum front to the 25 serovars of L. interrogans, considering positive those samples with titulation equal or bigger that 100. Of 195 samples of equine sanguineous serum, 184 (94.87%) had been positive for all serovars analyzed, being that more frequent found: Patoc, Automnalis, Ictehaemohragiae, Pyrogenes and Bratislava. For the sanguineous samples of men, the positivity was of 49 (70%) of reacting serum, with the most detected serovars: Patoc, Ictehaemohragiae, Bratislava, Butembo, Copenhageni and Automnalis. Of the positive samples of equine and its respective workers, 47/70 (67.14%) were similar for same serovars of Leptospira spp., being that 2/70 (2.86%) samples had been negative in both the searched groups, 2/70 (2.86%) were only positive in humans and 19/70 (27.14%) were exclusively positive in the samples of equine serum. The quarters of Coqueiro, Guamá, 40 horas, Barreiro and Bengui had presented the biggest percentage of positive cases serum. It did not have significant difference in relation to the other studied variants, as: climate, age (animal and man), time of service (animal and man), species of the animal, props up corporal of the animal and degree of instruction of the man. As much in the animals how much in the men positive reactions for B. abortus had not been detected.

Submitted by Cássio da Cruz Nogueira (cassionogueirakk@gmail.com) on 2017-05-05T15:39:48Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Tese_DistribuicaoArtificialAnticorpos.pdf: 1582884 bytes, checksum: 963fd38035177d402153cff6e1af95e1 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Edisangela Bastos (edisangela@ufpa.br) on 2017-05-10T14:05:32Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Tese_DistribuicaoArtificialAnticorpos.pdf: 1582884 bytes, checksum: 963fd38035177d402153cff6e1af95e1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-10T14:05:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Tese_DistribuicaoArtificialAnticorpos.pdf: 1582884 bytes, checksum: 963fd38035177d402153cff6e1af95e1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / O presente trabalho objetiva determinar a soroprevalência de anticorpos imunoglobulina da Classe G (IgG) específicos desta parasitose em bovídeos criados, contribuíndo para o conhecimento da epidemiologia desta zoonose no Estado do Pará. O estudo foi realizado em todas as mesorregiões paraenses, em que foram colhidas amostras de sangue de 2070 animais, sendo 1750 e 320 da espécie bovina e bubalina, respectivamente, procedentes de 52 municípios e 100 propriedades, com levantamento dos seus aspectos epidemiológicos que influenciam o aparecimento do agente infeccioso. Os soros dos animais foram submetidos ao teste do Kit de ELISA - Ensaio Imunoenzimático e de Reação de Imunofluorescência Indireta – RIFI, para a detecção de anticorpos IgG específicos para T. gondii bovino e bubalino da empresa Imunodot®. Os animais foram considerados positivos no teste de RIFI a partir da diluição de 1:64. Considerou-se diferença estatística p 0,005. Os bubalinos apresentaram maior soropositividade que os bovídeos, assim como o teste de RIFI foi superior ao teste de ELISA, e a Mesorregião com mais sororreagentes foi o Baixo Amazonas. Não houve diferenças significativas na frequência do T. gondii, com relação ao sexo, tipo de exploração, porém observou associação significativa, para a faixa etária, tamanho da propriedade, quantidade de animais existentes na propriedade, ciclo de criação, e as propriedades que apresentaram maior quantidade de gatos e cães foram as que tiveram maior sororreagência a anticorpos anti - T. gondii. / This study aims to determine the prevalence of antibodies immunoglobulin class G (IgG) specific of this disease in bovine created, by contributing to the understanding of the epidemiology of this zoonosis in the state of Pará. The study was conducted in all Para meso, they were harvested blood samples from animals in 2070, with 1750 and 320 bovine and buffalo, respectively, coming from 52 municipalities and 100 properties, a survey of the epidemiological aspects influencing the onset of the infectious agent. Sera of animals underwent the test of ELISA Kit – Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay and indirect immunofluorescence - IFA for the detection of specific IgG antibodies to T. gondii cattle and buffalo the Imunodot® company. The animals were considered positive in the IFAT test from the dilution 1:64. It was considered statistically significant difference p 0.005. The buffaloes had higher seropositivity that the bovine, as well as the IFA test was higher than the ELISA test, and Mesoregion more seropositive was the Lower Amazon. There were no significant differences in the frequency of T. gondii, in relation to sex, type of exploitation, but no significant association for age, size of property, number of animals in the property, creation cycle, and the properties that presented greater amount of cats and dogs were the ones that had higher sororreagência the anti - T. gondii.

Submitted by Cássio da Cruz Nogueira (cassionogueirakk@gmail.com) on 2017-05-15T16:51:53Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_OcorrenciaMicoplasmasHemotropicos.PDF: 1004565 bytes, checksum: 3c30858f52bad52050cef32a13457f12 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Edisangela Bastos (edisangela@ufpa.br) on 2017-05-19T12:48:03Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_OcorrenciaMicoplasmasHemotropicos.PDF: 1004565 bytes, checksum: 3c30858f52bad52050cef32a13457f12 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-19T12:48:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_OcorrenciaMicoplasmasHemotropicos.PDF: 1004565 bytes, checksum: 3c30858f52bad52050cef32a13457f12 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-07 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Micoplasmas hemotrópicos compreendem um grupo de bactérias que podem causar anemia hemolítica e diversas doenças crônicas em animais. Em felinos três espécies infectantes de hemoplasmas são relatadas: Mycoplasma haemofelis, ‘Candidatus M. haemominutum’ e ‘Candidatus M. turicensis’, sendo o primeiro considerado mais patogênico, enquanto que os caninos são normalmente infectados por pelo menos duas espécies de micoplasmas: M. haemocanis e ‘Candidatus M. haematoparvum’. Com o objetivo de avaliar a ocorrência de micoplasmas hemotrópicos em população canina e felina da cidade de Belém, Estado do Pará, foi analisado através de PCR o material genético oriundo de 299 amostras sanguíneas de animais domiciliados e errantes. Em 8,03% (24/299) das amostras foi amplificado o DNA de micoplasmas hemotrópicos, sendo 1,78% (3/169) de cães e 16,15% (21/130) de gatos infectados. Entre os felinos as maiores taxas de infecção foram encontradas nos animais domiciliados 22,86% (16/70) e em animais machos 29,51% (18/61), sendo a espécie ‘Candidatus M. haemominutum’ 8,46% (11/130) a de maior ocorrência quando comparada a espécie M. haemofelis 6,92% (9/130). A infecção em caninos foi observada somente no grupo de animais errantes, sendo o ‘Candidatus M. haematoparvum’ a única espécie identificada com taxa de 1,78% (3/169). Foi possível avaliar que micoplasmas hemotrópicos circulam nas duas espécies estudadas, felinos domiciliados e machos formaram o grupo com maior risco para a infecção e que o bioagente ‘Candidatus M. haematoparvum’ parece ser o único em circulação na população canina. / Hemotrophic mycoplasmas comprise a group of bacteria that can cause hemolytic anemia and several chronic diseases in animals. In cats three infecting species of hemoplasmas are reported: M. haemofelis, ‘Candidatus M. haemominutum’ and ‘Candidatus M. turicensis’, the first being considered the most pathogenic, whereas the dogs are normally infected by at least two mycoplasma species M. haemocanis and ‘Candidatus M. haematoparvum’. In order to assess the occurrence of hemotrophic mycoplasmas in feline and canine populations of Belém city were analyzed, by PCR, the genetic material from blood samples of 299 domiciled and stray animals. In 8.03% (24/299) of DNA samples of hemotrophic mycoplasmas was amplified, 1.78 % (3 /169) from infected dogs and 16.15% (21 /130) from infected cats. Among the cats the highest rates of infection were found in domiciled animals 22.86% (16/70) and in males 29.51% (18/61), the species ‘Candidatus M. haemominutum’ 8.46 % (11/130) get the higher incidence when compared to species Mycoplasma haemofelis 6.92 % (9/130). The infection in dogs was only identified among stray animals, with the ‘Candidatus M. haematoparvum’ being the only species identified with a rate of 1.78 % (3/169). It was possible to assess that hemotrophic mycoplasmas circulate in both species in the present report, domiciled felines and males formed the group at highest risk for infection and the agent ‘Candidatus M. haematoparvum’ seems to be the only one in circulation in the canine population.

This diploma thesis is focused on the evaluation of six selected zoonoses with the occurrence in South Bohemia (campylobacteriosis, salmonellosis, listeriosis, tick-borne meningoencephalitis, Lyme borreliosis, tularemia) between the years 2003-2013. Campylobacteriosis and salmonellosis were evaluated the most common zoonoses in the South Bohemian Region during the monitored period. Their common feature is the alimentary transmission. Between 2003 to 2008 salmonellosis recorded the highest number of reported cases, on the contrary, campylobacteriosis has reported the highest number of occurrences since 2008. District of Czech Budweis showed the highest incidence of both zoonoses during the monitored period (4,139 cases of salmonellosis and 4,924 cases of campylobacteriosis). Another but not less important zoonotic is tick-borne meningoencephalitis, which incidence had the highest number in South Bohemian Region of all the regions of Czech Republic. The second part of the thesis is based on questionnaire studies focused on awareness of zoonoses and the issue of resistance and overuse of antibiotics. In total 479 questionnaires were evaluated. The survey findings may be equally described as interesting and positive, since the respondents had considerable awareness of the issue of antibiotic resistance.

The prevalence of Brucella canis in South Africa is unknown and suspected to be under-detected. The majority of dogs in South Africa are not tested for Brucella canis, not only because of the level of awareness of Brucella canis in South Africa, but also because of the lack of clinical suspicion. It is not known how the infection entered South Africa. Brucella canis, a zoonotic organism that causes canine brucellosis in dogs, is a significant cause of reproductive failure in dogs worldwide. Canine brucellosis is a chronic infectious zoonotic disease whose main etiological agent, the Brucella canis bacterium, are rough, intracellular proteobacteria in the Brucellaceae family. Clinical signs in bitches are mainly infertility and abortion, while in males, epididymitis and orchitis occur. However, discospondylitis may develop in both sexes. A serological survey was conducted to determine the prevalence of Brucella canis infection in dogs from the Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan (NMBM) Port Elizabeth (PE) area. A total of 400 samples were collected, 350 of which were collected in seven different townships and 50 were collected in the three different welfare organisations in the study area. Of the 400 serum samples collected, 39 (9.75%) tested serologically positive by using the Tube Agglutination Test (TAT), the 2-Mercaptoethanol-TAT (2ME-TAT) or the Compliment Fixation Test (CFT). The results of the CFT showed that nine of the 39 positive samples had a maximum antibody titre of 784 IU/ml. The prevalence rate varied tremendously between the samples from the townships and those from the welfare organisations. The prevalence rate of seropositive animals in PE ranged between 5% and 16% in the study area. No positive cases were found in KwaMagxaki and the Animal Welfare Society of PE, but both were surrounded by areas that had positive cases of Brucella canis infection. The female dogs in the study area had a higher sero-prevalence of only 0.0169 (95% CI, 0.0631 to 0.1489) differences in proportion, and were thus not significant (p > 0.05). However, the female spayed dogs had a much higher significant difference of 0.1898 (95% iv CI, 0.1058 to 0.2738) in proportion to the male neutered dogs and were thus statistically significant (p < 0.05). Despite those results, out of all the dogs positive for Brucella canis only two were neutered males and five were spayed females, and the rest were all intact. In conclusion, according to the results, Brucella canis antibodies were detected in sera of dogs mostly from the townships surveyed. Preventive measures against this contagion should be taken into consideration to eliminate Brucella canis infection from the entire dog population. Reservoir dogs and actively infected dogs either should be kept in quarantine or should be euthanized, because not only can they spread the disease and end the reproductive life of any breeding animal, but they are also a risk to human health. Even though this is the first survey conducted in the Eastern Cape, the results are still high dogs in the study area had a higher sero-prevalence of only 0.0169 (95% CI, 0.0631 to 0.1489) differences in proportion, and were thus not significant (p > 0.05). However, the female spayed dogs had a much higher significant difference of 0.1898 (95% iv CI, 0.1058 to 0.2738) in proportion to the male neutered dogs and were thus statistically significant (p < 0.05). Despite those results, out of all the dogs positive for Brucella canis only two were neutered males and five were spayed females, and the rest were all intact. In conclusion, according to the results, Brucella canis antibodies were detected in sera of dogs mostly from the townships surveyed. Preventive measures against this contagion should be taken into consideration to eliminate Brucella canis infection from the entire dog population. Reservoir dogs and actively infected dogs either should be kept in quarantine or should be euthanized, because not only can they spread the disease and end the reproductive life of any breeding animal, but they are also a risk to human health. Even though this is the first survey conducted in the Eastern Cape, the results are still high / College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences / M. Sc. (Agriculture)

A hidatidose policística é uma zoonose causada pelo cestóide Echinococcus vogeli, amplamente distribuído no norte do Brasil. Os hospedeiros definitivos são Speothos venaticus (cachorro-vinagre) e Canis familiaris (cães domésticos), enquanto Agouti paca (paca) é hospedeiro intermediário. Tanto as pacas quanto o homem (hospedeiro acidental) desenvolvem a forma larvar (metacestóide), principalmente na superfície e no interior do fígado. Esta tese tem como objetivo geral estudar as características parasitológicas e histopatológicas de metacestóides de E. vogeli, originários de pacas e humanos da região norte do Brasil, visto o conhecimento insuficiente ou mesmo o seu desconhecimento. Os fígados e mesentérios foram obtidos de oito pacientes com hidatidose policística durante ato cirúrgico na Fundação Hospital Estadual do Acre. Pacas foram capturadas no Município de Bujari, Floresta Estadual do Antimary, Acre. Durante a necropsia das pacas, foram observadas lesões macroscópicas (massas esbranquiçadas ou amareladas, semelhantes a bolhas na superfície dos fígados). Para a análise parasitológica foram aplicadas as microscopias de luz, contraste interferencial de Normaski (DIC) e varredura laser confocal. A análise morfométrica foi realizada com o auxílio do Programa Image Pro Plus Media Cybernetics. Os órgãos de pacas e humanos foram submetidos à análise histopatológica. Os pequenos e grandes ganchos rostelares apresentaram polimorfismo morfológico, enquanto a organização dos protoescólices acompanhou o padrão descrito para Echinococcus sp. Todas as pacas apresentavam cistos hepáticos, porém em apenas duas encontramos líquido hidático, comprovados pela presença dos ganchos e protoescólices. A análise histopatológica dos tecidos hepáticos das pacas confirmou a hidatidose policística e evidenciou, pela presença de agrupamentos de ovos, a coinfecção com Calodium hepaticum. As características morfológicas dos ganchos rostelares dos casos humanos não diferiram do descrito para as pacas, entretanto, os ganchos dos helmintos provenientes do fígado foram maiores que os mesentéricos. Já em relação aos protoescólices, os mesentéricos foram maiores do que os hepáticos. Cistos mesentéricos e hepáticos apresentaram protoescólices em diferentes estágios de desenvolvimento, com coroas de ganchos, formadas por grandes e pequenos ganchos, e dois pares de ventosas, além dos corpúsculos calcários. Os cistos hepáticos apresentaram as três membranas características (adventícia, anista e germinativa), enquanto os cistos mesentéricos não apresentaram a membrana adventícia, sendo a anista aquela que mais se destacou neste órgão. No mesentério, as células mononucleares foram os principais constituintes do infiltrado leucocitário, cuja intensidade foi relacionada à capacidade proliferativa da membrana germinativa. Além de cistos hepáticos típicos de fase crônica, dependendo da resposta inflamatória, foram observados cistos na fase aguda e sub-aguda. Foi encontrado um caso de coinfecção com vírus (HIV, HCB e HCV) e outro com envolvimento da vesícula biliar. Em suma, confirma-se hidatidose policística em pacas no Acre e são apresentados novos casos de infecção humana no Acre e Amazonas. Pela primeira vez, é demonstrado polimorfismo, padrão diferente de desenvolvimento dos cistos de acordo com o órgão, coinfecção e envolvimento da vesícula biliar / Polycystic hydatidosis is a zoonotic disease caused by the cestode Echinococcus vogeli, largely distributed in northern Brazil. The definitive hosts are Speothos venaticus (bush dogs) and Canis familiaris (domestic dogs), while Agouti paca (paca) is the intermediate host. Both the pacas and man (accidental host) develop the larval form (metacestodes), mainly on the surface and inside the liver. This thesis aims to study histopathological and parasitological characteristics of metacestodes of E. vogeli, from pacas and humans of the north region of Brazil, seen the insufficient knowledge or lack of it. The mesentery and livers were recovered from eight patients with polycystic hydatidosis during surgery in the Acre State Hospital Foundation. Pacas were captured in the municipality of Bujari, Antimary State Forest, Acre. During the pacas necropsy, macroscopic lesions were observed (whitish or yellowish masses, similar to blisters on the surface of the liver). Identification analyses were applied to light microscopy, interferential contrast microscopy of Normaski (DIC) and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Morphometric analysis was performed by Image Pro Plus Media Cybernetics program. The pacas and human organs were subjected to histopathological analysis. The small and large rostellar hooks presented morphological polymorphism while protoscoleces organisation accompanied the pattern described in Echinococcus sp. All pacas presented liver cysts, however in only two found proven by the presence of hydatid fluid, hooks and protoscoleces. Histopathological analysis of pacas hepatic tissues confirmed polycystic hydatidosis and evidenced by the presence of eggs clusters the Calodium hepaticum coinfection. The morphological characteristics of human cases rostellar hooks did not differ from described to the pacas; however, the hooks were greater than the mesenteric ones. Already in relation to protoscoleces, the mesenteric ones were larger than the liver. Mesenteric and liver cysts presented protoscoleces at different stages of development, with rostellar pad formed by large and small hooks, and two pairs of suckers, in addition to the calcareous corpuscles. Liver cysts showed three characteristics layers (adventitia, laminated and germinative), while mesenteric cysts did not present the adventitia, being the laminated layer the most evidenced in this organ. In the mesentery, mononuclear cells were the principal constituents of leukocyte infiltrated, whose intensity was related to the proliferative capacity of germinative layer. In addition to typical liver cysts of the chronic phase, depending on the inflammatory response, have been observed cysts in acute and subacute phase. It was found a case of co-infection with virus (HIV, HCV and HCB) and another with gallbladder involvement. In short, it is confirmed polycystic hydatidosis in pacas from Acre and is presented new cases of human infection in Acre and Amazonas. For the first time, it was demonstrated polymorphism, different development pattern of cysts depending on the organ, co-infection and gallbladder involvement

A fragilidade do tamanduá-bandeira (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) e seu visível desaparecimento de certas regiões, inclusa sua área de distribuição original mostram com clareza a necessidade de medidas que possam garantir proteção desse animal. O estudo do papel das doenças nesse aspecto constitui um eixo importante das estratégias para conservação dessa espécie, principalmente considerando-se que estudos ecológicos reconhecem as doenças como o mecanismo regulatório de populações naturais. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar a freqüência de anticorpos anti- Leptospira, anti-Brucella abortus e anti-Chlamidophila. Foram analisadas 21 amostras de soro de tamanduás-bandeira de vida livre oriundos dos Parques Nacionais da Serra da Canastra e das Emas e da Reserva SESC Pantanal. Destes 12 (57,14%) amostras foram reagentes para o teste de soroaglutinação microscópica anti-Leptospira sp, 1 (0,04%) foi reagentes para o teste do Antígeno Acidificado Tamponado (TAA) - anti- Brucella abortus e todas as amostras foram consideradas negativas para a presença de anticorpos anti-Chlamidophila sp. Por se tratar de uma espécie que possui baixo potencial reprodutivo, apresentando cuidado parental prolongado, longos períodos de gestação e somente uma cria por ano, patógenos que possam afetar o sucesso reprodutivo, podem ser extremamente nocivos para populações de tamanduás-bandeira em vida livre. / The fragility of the giant Anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) and the disappearance of this animal from certain regions, including areas of original distribution, clearly indicates the necessity of adopting protective measures. Ecology studies consider diseases as regulatory mechanisms for natural populations, thus indicating that the study of the role of diseases constitutes an important axle on the strategies for conservation of the species, few studies correlates the environmental conservation state and the health of wild animal populations. The purpose the present study was to assess the frequency of occurrence of anti-Leptospira, anti-Brucella abortus and anti- Chlamidophila. Serum samples from 21 free-ranging giant anteater from the Serra da Canastra and the Emas National Parks, as well as the SESC Pantanal Reserve were evaluated for the presence of antibodies. From these 12 (57,14%) samples reacted to the anti-Leptospira sp microscopic serum agglutination test ,1 (0.04%) reacted to the anti-Brucella abortus Tampon Acidified Antigen Test (TAA) test, and all samples were negative for anti-Chlamidophila sp antibodies. As the giant anteater is a species that presents low reproductive potential, long parental care and pregnancy periods and produces only one offspring per year, the pathogens that can affect reproduction can be extremely deleterious free-ranging populations of giant anteaters.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:13:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE Bruno Medrado.pdf: 1863730 bytes, checksum: 142fb795d040f53ab90b6225b9c56530 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-04-10 / The main economic activity of the state of Tocantins, in Brazilian Amazon is cattle farms, with extensive breeding. Looking for contribution to cattle sanity, this study was devoted to the prevalence of antibodies against Leptospira in livestock of those farms, as production animals (cattle and equids), dogs and animal workers, from a rural governmental settlement in Aragominas, in the northwestern part of Tocantins. The statistically proofed sample was composed by 242 cows, 78 equids, 59 dogs and 41 animals workers, distributed in 38 small properties. All sampling was performed after informed consent, written in the case of human beings. For the diagnosis of leptospirosis, microscopic seroagglutination was performed in the Laboratório de Diagnóstico de Leptospirose do Setor de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva da Escola de Medicina Veterinária da UFG, Goiânia-GO. The seroprevalence for Leptospira spp in cattle was 76,5% [70,7% 81,7%], with serovar predominance of Hardjo (26,2%), followed by Wolffi (23,4%) Hebdomadis (14,1%), Castellonis (11,7%), Grippotyphosa (9,1%) e Pyrogenes (4,8%). In equids the seroprevalence was 79,3% [68,9% 87,4%], with agglutinins more intense to wild life serovars Castellonis (24,4%), Grippotyphosa (13,7%), Patoc (13,1%), Butembo (8,9%), Pomona (7,1%), Hardjo (6,6%), Pyrogenes (6,6%) e Wolffi (6,6%). Dogs presented seroprevalence of 30,5% [19,2 43,9], prevailing Canicola (26,3%), Hardjo (13,3%), Bratislava (10,0%) and Pyrogenes (10,0%). Human leptospirosis seroprevalence in animal workers was 31,7% [18,1%-48,1%], cwith detections of serovars Hardjo (26,3%), Grippotyphosa (15,8%), Pyrogenes (10,5%), Wolffi (10,5%), Autumnalis (10,5%) e Bratislava (10,5%). Looking for association with environmental and breeding conditions, the seroprevalence was associated in cattle to Bos indicus cattle (OR=7,51; [0,99-56,97]), in equids to the use of antihelminths (OR=7,64[0,95 61,50]) and for dogs with use for shepherd cattle (OR=4,44[1,35 14,58]). These data point to endemicity of Leptospira infection in the area and are highly suggestive of extensive environmental contamination with wildlife and production animal serovars. These results also emphasize the importance of the control of livestock leptospirosis, lowering environmental contamination and allowing better animal sanitation, with measures that could be implemented in new adequate settlements. / A exploração pecuária bovina constitui-se em uma atividade fundamental para o Estado do Tocantins, que tem sua economia pautada no agronegócio. Visando contribuir para a sanidade bovina na região, objetivou-se neste estudo determinar a prevalência de anticorpos anti-Leptospira spp. em animais de interesse econômico (bovinos e equinos), em cães e em humanos que tinham contato direto com animais, oriundos de assentamento rural do município de Aragominas, Tocantins, Brasil. A amostragem estatisticamente representativa foi constituída por 242 bovinos, 78 equídeos, 59 cães e 41 humanos, distribuídos em 38 propriedades. As colheitas de sangue dos animais e a aplicação de questionários foram realizadas após o aceite dos proprietários e, no caso dos humanos, após a leitura e assinatura do termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido. Para diagnóstico da leptospirose foi empregada a técnica de soroaglutinação microscópica (SAM) realizada no Laboratório de Diagnóstico de Leptospirose do Setor de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva da Escola de Medicina Veterinária da UFG, em Goiânia-GO. A prevalência de infecção por Leptospira spp. em bovinos foi de 76,5% [70,7% 81,7%], com predominância de anticorpos aos sorovares Hardjo (26,2%), seguido do Wolffi (23,4%), Hebdomadis (14,1%), Castellonis (11,7%), Grippotyphosa (9,1%) e Pyrogenes (4,8%); em equídeos foi de 79,3% [68,9% 87,4%], com maior detecção de aglutininas para os sorovares Castellonis (24,4%), Grippotyphosa (13,7%), Patoc (13,1%), Butembo (8,9%), Pomona (7,1%), Hardjo (6,6%), Pyrogenes (6,6%) e Wolffi (6,6%). Já em cães, foi detectada soroprevalência de 30,5% [19,2 43,9], com maiores respostas aos sorovares Canicola (26,3%), seguido Hardjo (13,3%), Bratislava (10,0%) e Pyrogenes (10,0%) e em humanos constataram-se 31,7% [18,1%-48,1%] de reagentes, com detecção de anticorpos para os sorovares Hardjo (26,3%), Grippotyphosa (15,8%), Pyrogenes (10,5%), Wolffi (10,5%), Autumnalis (10,5%) e Bratislava (10,5%). Dentre os fatores avaliados, a prevalência mostrou-se associada na espécie bovina à raça zebu (OR=7,51; [0,99-56,97]), nos equídeos ao uso de vermífugo (OR=7,64[0,95 61,50]) e para cães a lida com gado (OR=4,44[1,35 14,58]). Os resultados encontrados apontam para uma situação de endemicidade e são sugestivos de alta contaminação ambiental por sorovares que possuem como hospedeiro natural animais de produção e silvestres; evidenciando a necessidade de controle da infecção animal, com a finalidade de diminuir a contaminação ambiental e a consequente infecção em seres humanos.

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