Com o objetivo de avaliar o desempenho do teste rápido DPP® LVC comparando com os testes de ELISA e RIFI (Bio-Manguinhos, Br), assim como ELISA e RIFI in-house, empregando como antígeno formas promastigotas de L. (L.) infantum chagasi, com ênfase a reatividade cruzada com outros agentes infecciosos, soros de cães infectados por L. (L.) infantum chagasi, clinicamente sintomáticos (n=48) e assintomáticos (n=39), assim como soros de cães sadios e não infectados (n=18), e soros de cães infectados por Babesia canis (n=9), Dirofilaria immitis (n=4), Trypanosoma cruzi (n=6), Ehrlichia canis (n=17), Neospora caninum (n=6), Toxoplasma gondii (n=9), Neospora/Toxoplasma coinfecção (n=4) e Toxocara canis (n=9) foram avaliados pelas diferentes técnicas de diagnóstico. DPP e ELISA in-house mostraram alta sensitividade (90.81% e 94.25%) e especificidade (95.06% e 97.53%), respectivamente para o diagnóstico de LVC sintomática e assintomática, mas apresentaram reação cruzada com Babesia canis, 44% para DPP e 22% para ELISA in-house. Os dois testes mostraram uma excelente concordância de resultados (kappa=0.9405, p < 0.0001). ELISA Bio-Manguinhos assim como o RIFI Bio-Manguinhos e RIFI in-house mostraram boa sensitividade (90.81%, 96.47% e 89.41%), mas baixa especificidade (77.78%, 69.14% e 65.82%), respectivamente; e mostraram reação cruzada com soros de animais infectados com Babesia canis, Dirofilaria immitis, Trypanosoma cruzi, Ehrlichia canis, Neospora caninum, Toxoplasma gondii. Os resultados mostraram que o DPP® CVL apresentou um bom desempenho para o diagnóstico da leishmaniose visceral canina sintomática e assintomática / In order to investigate the performance of the DPP® CVL rapid test comparing with ELISA and IFA (Bio-Manguinhos, Br), as well as ELISA and IFAT in house using L. (L.) infantum chagasi promastigotes as antigen with emphasis in the cross-reactivity with others infectious agents, sera from clinically symptomatic (n=48) and asymptomatic (n=39) L. (L.) infantum chagasi infected dogs, as well as from healthy non-infected (n=18) dogs and from Babesia canis (n=9), Dirofilaria immitis (n=4), Trypanosoma cruzi (n=6), Ehrlichia canis (n=17), Neospora caninum (n=6), Toxoplasma gondii (n=9), Neospora/Toxoplasma co-infection (n=4) and Toxocara canis (n=9) infected dogs were tested for different diagnosis techniques. DPP and ELISA in-house showed high sensitivity (90.81% and 94.25%) and specificity (95.06% and 97.53%), respectively for symptomatic and asymptomatic CVL diagnosis, but presented cross-reactivity with Babesia canis, 44% for DPP and 22% for ELISA in-house. Both test showed an excellent agreement (kappa=0.9405, p < 0.0001). ELISA Bio-Manguinhos as well as IFA Bio-Manguinhos and IFA in-house showed good sensitivity 90.81%, 96.47% and 89.41%) but low specificity (77.78%, 69.14% and 65.82%), respectively; and showed cross-reactivity with sera from animals infected with Babesia canis, Dirofilaria immitis, Trypanosoma cruzi, Ehrlichia canis, Neospora caninum, Toxoplasma gondii. The results showed that DPP® CVL had a good performance for the diagnosis of of both symptomatic and asymptomatic canine visceral leishmaniasis

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T14:37:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_franklin_de_moraes_vaz_da_silva.pdf: 964493 bytes, checksum: 4984372f2eaf08c502de40b75e4a01fb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-28 / Sporotrichosis is a subcutaneous mycosis with worldwide distribution, caused by the fungal species Sporothrix schenckii complex, its endemic in areas with temperatures between 25-28ºC. Cause a chronic infection in humans, with significant economic and social impact, causing direct and indirect losses in population. To study the knowledge of the population in endemic areas, a cross-sectional, population-based between December, 2013 and February, 2014 was conducted in the city of Pelotas - RS, using a structured questionnaire divided into three sections. In the first section, global data such as age , sex, occupation, education, the second section data on the relationship between respondents with pets, and the third section on knowledge and perceptions were collected interviewed about definitions and concepts about mycosis, zoonosis and knowledge of sporotrichosis. 618 interviews, being composed of 40.94% (253/618) men and 59.06% (365/618) of women were conducted. 73.62% (455/618) are owners of pets. Of these, 50.32% (229/455) kept their animals out of home with 21.53% (49/229) of these are cats. In the population that does not have pets, the cat was the species with greater contact between 19.02% (31/163) respondents. Students achieved the best performance on questions about knowledge of ringworm and zoonosis. On knowledge of sporotrichosis least half of the students 44.17% (273/618) and 26.51% (164/618) of health professionals were aware, all other categories were below 5% accuracy. Although the city of Pelotas - RS, is considered an endemic area for sporotrichosis, we found a low level of knowledge about sporotrichosis by population, for this, greater awareness and information about the disease is necessary. / A esporotricose é uma micose subcutânea zoonótica de distribuição mundial, causada por espécies fúngicas do complexo Sporothrix schenckii, endêmica em áreas com temperatura entre 25 a 28ºC. Causa infecção crônica em humanos, com grande impacto econômico e social, provocando perdas diretas e indiretas na população. Para estudar o conhecimento da população em área endêmica, foi realizado um estudo transversal, de base populacional entre dezembro de 2013 e fevereiro de 2014, na cidade de Pelotas RS, utilizando questionário estruturado dividido em três seções. Na primeira seção foram coletados dados globais como idade, sexo, ocupação, escolaridade, a segunda seção foram coletados dados referentes à relação entre os entrevistados com animais domésticos, e a terceira seção referente ao conhecimento e percepção dos entrevistados sobre definições e conceitos sobre micose, zoonose e conhecimento sobre esporotricose. Foram realizadas 618 entrevistas, sendo compostas por 40,94% (253/618) de homens e 59,06% (365/618) de mulheres. 73,62% (455/618) são proprietários de animais de estimação. Destes, 50,32% (229/455) mantinham seus animais em regime semidomiciliado, sendo destes 21,53% (49/229) de gatos. Na população que não possui animais de estimação, o gato foi a espécie com maior contato 19,02% (31/163) entre os entrevistados. Os estudantes obtiveram o melhor desempenho nas questões sobre conhecimento de micose e zoonose. Sobre o conhecimento da esporotricose menos da metade dos estudantes 44,17% (273/618) e dos profissionais da saúde 26,51% (164/618) tinham conhecimento, todas as demais categorias ficaram abaixo dos 5% de acertos. Embora, a cidade de Pelotas RS, seja considerada uma região endêmica para esporotricose, encontramos um baixo índice de conhecimento sobre esporotricose pela população, sendo necessária uma maior divulgação e informação sobre a doença.

See front file / Health Studies / DLITT ET PHIL (HEALTH ST)

<p>Profesionalna infektivna oboljenja nastaju kao posledica izloženosti mikroorganizama u radnoj sredini. Cilj ovog istraživanja je utvrđivanje vrsta profesionalnih &scaron;tetnosti koje dovode do profesionalnih infektivnih oboljenja i njihove incidencije u privrednim delatnostima Autonomne Pokrajine Vojvodine, kao i predloga adekvatnih mera za njihovu prevenciju. Profesionalna infektivna oboljenja su činila 13,4% od ukupno 464 slučaja utvrđenih profesionalnih oboljenja u Autonomnoj Pokrajini Vojvodini u toku dvadesetogodi&scaron;njeg perioda od 1992. do 2011. godine. Od ukupno utvrđenih 62 slučaja profesionalnih infektivnih oboljenja dve trećine su činili profesionalni virusni hepatitisi, 31% profesionalne antropozoonoze i 3% profesionolana tuberkuloza. Dve trećine obolelih od profesionalnih infektivnih bolesti bile su osobe ženskog pola &scaron;to je statistički značajno vi&scaron;e u poređenju sa osobama mu&scaron;kog pola, dok su zaposleni mu&scaron;kog pola činili 57%, a ženskog 43% ukupno zaposlenih na teritoriji Vojvodine. Najče&scaron;ća profesionalna infektivna oboljenja bila su virusni hepatits B 52%, kju groznica 18%, virusni hepatitis C 15%, lajmska bolest 6%, leptospiroza 5%. Utvrđeno je da je do&scaron;lo do statistički značajnog sniženja incidencije profesionalnog virusnog hepatitisa B u<br />periodu nakon dono&scaron;enja odluke o obaveznoj imunizaciji 2002. godine, sa 6,27 na 1,35 na 100.000 zaposlenih, dok nije bilo statistički značajne razlike kada je u pitanju incidencija virusnog hepatitisa C. Profesionalna infektivna oboljenja su u vi&scaron;e od dve trećine slučajeva registrovana kod zdravstvenih radnika (69%) sa prosečnom incidencijom od 5,18 na 100.000 zaposlenih, znatno niža bila je incidencija u proizvodnji prehrambenih proizvoda (1,36) i poljoprivredi sa lovom, ribolovom i &scaron;umarstvom (1,11). Ne&scaron;to vi&scaron;e od trećine radnika bilo je privremeno nesposobno za rad u toku utvrđivanja profesionalnog oboljenja, jer je lečenje bilo u toku. Kod ovih radnika značajno je naknadno oceniti radnu sposobnost i utvrditi eventualne posledice oboljenja. Pored primene specifičnih mera imunizacije ukoliko postoje, kao i ličnih mera za&scaron;tita koje sprečavaju kontakt sa uzročnicima, značajno je sprovođenje edukacije radnika o rizicima i preventivnih lekarskih pregleda radi rane identifikacije obolelih radnika.</p> / <p>Occupational communicable diseases are caused by exposure to microorganism&rsquo;s in working environment. The aim of this study is to determine the types of occupational hazards that lead to occupational communicable diseases and their incidence in the economic activities of the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, as well as the proposal of adequate measures for their prevention. Occupational communicable diseases accounted for 13.4% of the total of 464 cases of occupational diseases identified in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina during the twenty-year period from 1992 to 2011. In the total of 62 identified cases of occupational communicable diseases, occupational viral hepatitis accounted for two-thirds, occupational anthropozoonoses for 31%, occupational tuberculosis for 3%. Two-thirds of patients with occupational communicable diseases were females, significantly more compared to male, while male accounted for 57% and female for 43% of the total employees in Vojvodina. The most frequent occupational communicable diseases were viral hepatitis B 52%, Q fever 18%, viral hepatitis C 15%, Lyme disease 6%, leptospirosis 5%. It was found that there was a statistically significant decrease in the incidence of occupational viral hepatitis B in the period after the decision on obligatory immunization in 2002, from 6.27 to 1.35 per 100,000 employees, while there were no statistically significant differences in the incidence of viral hepatitis C. In more than two-thirds of the cases occupational communicable diseases were registered in health care workers (69%) with the average incidence of 5.18 per 100,000 employees, substantially lower the incidence was in the production of food (1.36), as well as in agriculture, hunting, fishing and forestry (1.11). Just over a third of workers were temporarily unable to work during the verification of occupational disease due to the ongoing treatment. In these workers it is important to assess working ability afterwards and identify the possible consequences of the disease. In addition to the application of specific measures of immunization if any available, as well as personal protection measures that prevent contact with pathogens it is important to implement risk education of workers and preventive medical examinations for early identification of affected employees.</p>

La toxoplasmose, dûe au parasite Toxoplasma gondii, est une zoonose dite à cycle complexe car le pathogène fait intervenir plusieurs espèces pour assurer sa transmission. Les félidés sont les hôtes définitifs de T. gondii et, lorsqu’ils sont infectés, peuvent excréter des millions d’oocystes dans l’environnement. L’ensemble des animaux à sang chaud, y compris l’homme, constituent les hôtes intermédiaires. L'infection des différents hôtes s'effectuent par transmission verticale ou via l'ingestion de tissus animaux contaminés ou d'oocystes présents dans l'environnement.Les objectifs de ma thèse étaient i) de mesurer la fréquence et la distribution spatiale des oocystes de T. gondii dans l’environnement en milieu rural, ii) d'estimer la prévalence et la distribution spatiale de l’infection dans la communauté locale de rongeurs, iii) de déterminer les principaux facteurs responsables de la structuration spatiale de la contamination environnementale et enfin, iv) d’évaluer l'importance de l'environnement en tant que source de contamination tant pour les animaux que pour l’homme.Nous avons mis en évidence une forte contamination des sols (29%) distribuée sur l'ensemble de la zone et, avons révélé un gradient spatial similaire de diminution de la contamination avec la distance aux bâtiments au niveau des sols et dans la communauté de rongeurs. Le modèle de simulation multi-agents a permis d'expliciter le rôle prépondérant de la configuration de l'habitat humain, qui de par son effet sur la structuration spatiale des populations de chats domestiques, détermine la fréquence et la distribution des points chauds de contamination. Par conséquent, en milieu rural, l'importante contamination des sols au niveau des fermes suggère que le risque d’infection pour l’homme est élevé, indirectement à travers la consommation de viande issue d’animaux d’élevage infectés, mais aussi directement via l’ingestion d’oocystes présents sur les substrats manipulés lors de diverses activités. / Toxoplasmosis, caused by the parasite T. gondii, is a zoonosis with a complex life cycle as the pathogen requires several different species to achieve it cycle. Felids, in particular domestic cats, are the definitive hosts of the parasite and when infected they can shed millions of oocysts in the environment. All warm blooded animals, including humans, are potential intermediate hosts. Host species can be infected through vertical transmission or by ingesting contaminated tissues or oocysts present on environmental substrates.My goals were: I) to precisely measure the frequency and spatial distribution of the environmental contamination to T. gondii in a rural area, ii) to estimate the prevalence and the spatial distribution of the parasite in the local community of rodents, iii) to identify the main factors driving the spatial structure of the environmental contamination and finally, iv) to assess the importance of the environment as a transmission source for animals and humans.First, we found a high frequency of contaminated soil samples (29%) that were largely distributed across the whole area, and, we found a similar spatial gradient of decreasing contamination with increasing distances from buildings for soils and rodents. Altogether, the results obtained allowed to identify and rank the determinants of the spatio-temporal dynamics of the environmental contamination to T. gondii. The agent-based model showed the primary role of the spatial configuration of human habitat, which, through its impact on the spatial structure of domestic cat populations, determines the frequency and distribution of the hot spots of soil contamination. Thus, in rural areas, the high level of contamination within and around agricultural buildings suggests that infection risks for humans are important, either indirectly through the consumption of contaminated meat or directly due to the ingestion of oocysts contaminating earth, water or vegetables.

The pichi Zaedyus pichiy (Xenarthra, Dasypodidae) is a poorly known, diurnal armadillo inhabiting arid and semi-arid regions of Argentina and Chile that has endured substantial population declines. My objective was to elucidate different aspects of the natural history of Z. pichiy as a first step towards establishing a conservation plan. Wild and captive pichis were studied. Body temperature of wild pichis averaged 35.2±1.2 °C and was highly variable (range 32.2 – 38.3 °C). Temperature measurements of semi-captive males showed that pichis can survive energetically challenging periods by entering hibernation or daily torpor. Stomach contents of poached animals revealed that pichis feed predominantly on insects but also ingest plant material, vertebrates and arachnids. This opportunistic, omnivorous feeding strategy allows them to thrive where food type and availability vary seasonally. The reproductive cycle of pichis was studied by means of histological and fecal hormone analyses. Pichis are seasonal breeders that produce one yearly litter of 1 to 2 offspring, and the initiator of breeding season seems to be an increase in daylength. The absence of regular estrous cycles and corpora lutea in non-pregnant females, and immediate mating attempts after pairing, all suggest that pichis are induced ovulators. Clinical examinations and hematological, serological and coproparasitological analyses of free-ranging pichis, and necropsies and histological examinations of confiscated pichis and roadkills, indicate that the populations are currently in good health. While parasites were often found, no severe pathologies were observed. Infections with potentially zoonotic diseases were rare: only a few pichis were seropositive for Trypanosoma cruzi, none had antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii, and none of the histologically examined individuals presented lesions attributable to these pathogens. Elevated ambient humidity levels often caused moist dermatitis with epidermal detachment in captive pichis. Poaching is currently considered to have a much higher negative impact on the wild populations than disease epidemics. Mortality due to heavy poaching activity may be difficult, if not impossible, to compensate by the current birth rates. This preliminary database on the natural history and reproduction of pichis will assist efforts to conserve this little-known species of armadillo.

Apesar do estado de São Paulo ter uma área de vegetação nativa pequena e, em sua maioria, altamente fragmentada, isolada e imersa em matrizes agrícolas em propriedades privadas, seu território ainda alberga um número considerável de espécies silvestres, inclusive nessas áreas comerciais. Para a elaboração de planos de manejo ecologicamente corretos, é necessário selecionar (1) espécies-chave, como os mamíferos carnívoros; (2) fatores ecológicos primários das espécies, como a dieta e o uso do espaço; e (3) locais com histórico de uso do solo representativos da exploração espaço-temporal, como, por exemplo, Angatuba (SP) em São Paulo. Essa dissertação foi desenvolvida na Fazenda Três Lagoas e seus arredores, entre maio de 2008 e junho de 2010 e abrange três temas distintos, mas interligados. No primeiro capítulo fez-se uma introdução geral sobre os temas. No segundo avaliou-se, em quatro fazendas adjacentes, a exposição de carnívoros domésticos aos agentes infecciosos da parvovirose, raiva, cinomose e leptospirose através de exames sorológicos. Verificou-se que as prevalências de contato dos 13 cães amostrados com esses agentes patológicos, foram, respectivamente, 100%, 80%, 23% e 15,4%. As reações positivas a alguns desses agentes e sorovares, mostram que os cães domésticos tiveram contato com os agentes através de outros hospedeiros, pois esses agentes não estão presentes em vacinas. Isso demostra a importância de sua detecção na vida silvestre e no ambiente visando elaborar um manejo sanitário efetivo para a economia e saúde humana e para a vida silvestre. No terceiro capítulo estudou-se a dieta de 12 espécies de mamíferos carnívoros através da análise de 524 amostras de fezes coletadas nas Fazendas Três Lagoas e Arca. Pode-se verificar que os carnívoros presentes na área possuem hábitos onívoros, com algumas alterações da dieta em comparação com áreas mais preservadas, consumindo em grande quantidade pequenos roedores, frutos e insetos. A competição, apesar de pequena, foi constadada entre as espécies domésticas e silvestres. Verificou-se, de forma complementar, que as espécies usam mais as áreas próximas da vegetação nativa que dentro da matriz, sendo que algumas espécies estiveram restritas ao ambiente nativo. Esse estudo sugere que essas paisagens albergam somente espécies com hábitos mais plásticos e que a matriz silvicultural é permeável a alguns predadores. No quarto capítulo, estudou-se a prevalência de ectoparasitas naquelas amostras de fezes, que mostrou-se de 42,17% para ácaros, dentre eles carrapatos, e 4% de pulgas. As prevalências desses artrópodes variaram entre as espécies de carnívoros. Os ácaros foram encontrados nas fezes de todas as espécies amostradas, e as pulgas estiveram presentes em fezes de todos os canídeos, de todos os felídeos, com exceção do gato-mourisco, e do quati. Foram detectados carrapatos em fezes de espécies de hospedeiros ainda não relatadas na literatura, mostrando serem hospedeiros não-usuais, o que poderia demonstrar um aumento de sua prevalência no ambiente como consequência provável da mudança da paisagem. Essa maior carga de parasitas, juntamente com o contato frequente da fauna silvestre com os humanos e seus animais domésticos, atesta a necessidade de estudos epidemiológicos de maior amplitude nessas paisagens agrícolas. / Although the state of Sao Paulo has a small area of native vegetation, mainly fragmented, isolated and highly immersed in agricultural matrices on private properties, it still lodges a considerable number of wild species, also on these commercial areas. For elaboration of ecologically correct manegement plans, it´s necessary to select (1) key-species, as carnivore mammals; (2) species primary ecological factors, as diet and space use; and (3) representative areas of space-temporal exploration of the land, as Angatuba does on Sao Paulo. This study was carried out at Fazenda Três Lagoas and its surrounding between May 2008 and June 2010, and encloses three distinct but linked subjects. The first chapter is a general introduction of those subjects. The second one evaluates, in those four adjacent farms, domestic carnivores exposition to infectious agents of parvovirosis, rabies, canine distemper and leptospirosis through serologic examinations. The prevalence of contact of those pathological agents, in the 13 dogs, were 100%, 80%, 23% and 15.4%, respectively. The positive reactions to some of these agents and serovares show that those domestic dogs had contact to other hosts, as some of them do not compose vaccines. It shows the importance of its detention in wildlife and in the environment aiming to elaborate an effective sanitary management for economy and human health and for wildlife conservation. In the third chapter the diet of 12 species of carnivorous mammals were investigated through analysis of 524 scats collected on Fazenda Três Lagoas and Fazenda Arca. Carnivore mammals on these area have omnivores\' food habits, with some modifications on diet in comparison with those in preserved areas, consuming in a great amount small rodents, fruits and insects. The competition, although weak, occurs among the domestic and wild species. In a complementary way, it was verified that the animals use more areas closer to native vegetation than inside matrix and that some species use areas restricted to native environment. This study suggests that these landscapes only lodge species with more plastic habits and that silvicultural matrix is permeable to some predators. In the forthy chapter, it was investigated the ectoparasites prevalence in those excrement samples and revealed a prevalence of 42,17% for mites, amongst them ticks, and 4% of fleas. The prevalence of those arthropods varied between carnivore species. Mites were found in excrements of all sampled species, and fleas were found in all wild dogs and wild cats faeces, but jaguarundi, and coati. Some carnivore scats contenied different ticks showing that those mammals are non-usual hosts of them and that, possibly, there is an increase of its prevalence in the environment as probable effect of the landscape modifications. A higher parasitic load with direct contact of wildlife to humans and livestock request to carry out a more in-depth epidemiologic investigation into these agricultural landscapes.

Dermatófitos são denominados os fungos filamentosos queratinofílicos e queratinolíticos responsáveis pela dermatofitose, uma importante zoonose de ocorrência mundial. Gatos são considerados hospedeiros naturais e potenciais carreadores de fungos dermatofíticos, especialmente Microsporum canis, principal agente da dermatofitose em pequenos animais e que frequentemente acomete humanos. A prevalência dos dermatófitos em gatos sem dermatopatias apresenta variações regionais atribuídas aos aspectos climáticos e às características associadas a cada população. Neste contexto, o objetivo do presente estudo foi estimar a frequência de dermatófitos isolados de gatos que não apresentavam sinais clínicos de dermatopatias na região metropolitana de Florianópolis - SC, entre julho de 2015 e outubro de 2016. Características como sexo, idade, comprimento do pelame, sorologia para FIV e FeLV, acesso à rua e contato com outros gatos foram avaliadas em associação ao isolamento de dermatófitos. Amostras do pelame de 198 gatos foram obtidas através da técnica de MacKenzie que consiste na escovação vigorosa dos pelos, por todo corpo do animal, utilizando escova dental estéril. Cento e dez amostras (55,6%) foram colhidas em clínicas veterinárias e 88 (44,4%) em domicílios com numerosos gatos (11 em média). O cultivo micológico foi realizado em Sabouraud Agar Cloranfenicol-Ciclo-hexamida (SCC) e a incubação realizada a 25-27°C, durante 21-28 dias. O diagnóstico foi baseado nas características macro e micromorfológicas do dermatófito isolado. A frequência de dermatófitos correspondeu a 3,0% (6/198), onde apenas o gênero Microsporum foi observado com predomínio de M. canis (66,7%; 4/6), seguido de M. gypseum (33,3%; 2/6). Fungos saprotróficos foram observados em 94,4% das culturas e 5,6% das amostras não tiveram crescimento fúngico. A maior parte dos isolados ocorreu de gatos adultos (66,7%; 4/6), fêmeas (83,3%; 5/6) e de pelame longo (5,4%; 3/55), em comparação às amostras de pelame curto (2,1%; 3/143). Uma parcela dos gatos (30,0%; 59/198) havia sido testada para FIV/FeLV e destes, 27,0% (16/59) eram positivos: 22,0% para FeLV e 5,0% para FIV. Microsporum gypseum foi isolado de um gato FeLV positivo. Dermatófitos foram isolados de gatos em contato com outros gatos (5/165). No entanto, gatos provenientes de domicílios com alta densidade populacional não apresentaram cultura positiva para dermatófitos, fato atribuído à intensa contaminação por espécies saprotróficas. Na ausência de sinais clínicos, há o desafio de detectar fungos dermatofíticos nas criações, o que ressalta a necessidade de controle entre os felinos. O cultivo micológico é um método eficaz, econômico e deve ser indicado pelos médicos veterinários que atuam na clínica médica, tanto no âmbito doméstico, como em abrigos para prevenção e controle da infecção em animais e humanos. / Dermatophytes are the filamentous fungi keratinophilic and keratinolytic responsible for dermatophytosis, an important worldwide zoonosis. Cats are considered natural hosts and potential carriers of dermatophytes especially Microsporum canis, the main agent of dermatophytosis in small animals and frequently affects humans. The prevalence of dermatophytes in cats without dermatopathies presents regional variations attributed to the climatic aspects and the characteristics associated with each population. In this context, the aim of this study was to estimate the frequency of dermatophytes isolated from cats that had no clinical signs of dermatopathies in the Metropolitan Area of Florianópolis - SC between July 2015 and October 2016. Sex, age, length of hair, serology for FIV and FeLV, outdoors access and contact with other cats were evaluated in association with the isolation of dermatophytes. Hair samples of 198 cats were obtained through the MacKenzie brush technique consisting of vigorous brushing of the hairs, throughout the animal's body, using a sterile toothbrush. One hundred and ten samples (55.6%) were collected in veterinary clinics and 88 (44.4%) in multiple household cats (average 11). Mycological culture was performed onto Sabouraud Agar Chloramphenicol- Cyclohexamide (SCC), and incubated at 25-27°C for 21-28 days. The diagnosis was based on the macro and micromorphological characteristics of the isolated dermatophyte. The frequency of dermatophytes corresponded to 3.0% (6/198). Only the genus Microsporum was observed with predominance of M. canis (66.7%; 4/6), followed by M. gypseum (33.3%; 2/6). Saprotrophic fungi were observed in 94.4% of the cultures and 5.6% of the samples did not occurred fungal growth. Most of the isolates occurred in adult (66.7%; 4/6), female (83.3%; 5/6) and long hair cats (5.4%; 3/55) compared to the short hair (2.1%). Part of this cats (30.0%, 59/198) had been tested for FIV / FeLV and, among them, 27.0% were positive (22.0% FeLV and 5.0% FIV). Microsporum gypseum was isolated from one FeLV positive cat. Dermatophytes were isolated from cats in contact with other cats (5/165). However, multiple household cats had no positive cultures and this outcome can be associated to high contamination by saprotrophic fungi. In the absence of clinical signs, the challenge of detecting dermatophytic fungi in the creations, which highlights the needs of control among the felines. Mycological cultivation is an effective, economical method and should be indicated by veterinarians working in the medical clinic, both at home and in shelters for the prevention and control of animal and human infection.

Submitted by Edisangela Bastos (edisangela@ufpa.br) on 2014-01-27T17:43:11Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 22974 bytes, checksum: 99c771d9f0b9c46790009b9874d49253 (MD5) Dissertacao_DiagnosticoSorologicoCaracterizacao.pdf: 1441638 bytes, checksum: b6cc757aae4e775e10a3a43ce3c52497 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Rosa Silva(arosa@ufpa.br) on 2014-01-29T16:54:58Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 22974 bytes, checksum: 99c771d9f0b9c46790009b9874d49253 (MD5) Dissertacao_DiagnosticoSorologicoCaracterizacao.pdf: 1441638 bytes, checksum: b6cc757aae4e775e10a3a43ce3c52497 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-01-29T16:54:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 22974 bytes, checksum: 99c771d9f0b9c46790009b9874d49253 (MD5) Dissertacao_DiagnosticoSorologicoCaracterizacao.pdf: 1441638 bytes, checksum: b6cc757aae4e775e10a3a43ce3c52497 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O vírus da Hepatite E (HEV) é um RNA-vírus entericamente transmissível do gênero Hepevirus causador de hepatite aguda em humanos que apresenta ampla distribuição em diversas regiões do mundo. Suínos são relatados como a principal fonte de infecção para humanos relacionadas aos genótipos 3 e 4 em regiões consideradas não-endêmicas. Neste sentido, o presente estudo teve como objetivo demonstrar a infecção pelo HEV em suínos no Estado do Pará através de métodos sorológicos e moleculares aplicados a amostras de soro, fezes e fígado de 151 suínos abatidos na região Metropolitana de Belém. A investigação sorológica abrangeu a pesquisa de anticorpos anti-HEV das classes IgM e IgG e o diagnóstico molecular inclui a detecção do HEV-RNA, sequenciamento nucleotídico e análise filogenética das sequências obtidas. Como resultado, não foram detectados anticorpos anti- HEV IgM e a prevalência de animais sororeativos para IgG foi de 8,6% (13/151). A detecção molecular amplificou fragmentos do HEV genoma em 4,8% (22/453) das amostras testadas e a prevalência de animais positivos a pelo menos uma amostra foi de 9,9% (15/151). A análise filogenética concluiu que todas as sequências analisadas pertencem ao genótipo 3 do vírus, descrito como zoonótico. Foram identificados os subtipos 3c e 3f ocorrendo simultaneamente estre as amostras, de acordo com as duas regiões do genoma amplificadas. Estes resultados constam como as primeiras evidências sorológicas e moleculares da circulação do HEV entre suínos no Norte do Brasil e também como a primeira detecção e genotipagem do HEV na região. / Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an RNA virus of genus Hepevirus causative agent of enterically transmitted acute hepatitis in humans that is widely distributed in many regions of the world. Pigs are reported as the main source of infection to humans related to genotypes 3 and 4 virus in non-endemic areas. In this sense, the present study aimed to demonstrate the HEV infection among swine in the Pará State by serological and molecular methods applied to samples of serum, stool and liver of 151 pigs slaughtered in metropolitan area of Belém A serologic investigation included the search for anti-HEV IgM and IgG and molecular diagnostic included the detection of the HEV RNA, nucleotide sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of sequences obtained. As result we detected no anti- HEV IgM and the prevalence of animal seroreactive for IgG was 8,6% (13/151). Molecular detection of HEV genome amplified positive fragments in 4,8% (22/453) of samples tested and the prevalence of positive animals at least one sample was 9,9% (15/151). Phylogenetic analysis has concluded that all sequences examined belonged to genotype 3 virus, described as zoonotic. We identified the subtypes 3c and 3f occurring both among samples according to the two regions of the genome amplified. These results are the first serological and molecular evidences of the existence of HEV among swine in Northern Brazil and also the first detection and genotyping of HEV in region.

Submitted by Cássio da Cruz Nogueira (cassionogueirakk@gmail.com) on 2017-05-05T15:51:42Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Tese_CaracterizacaoHistopatologicaImunohistoquimica.PDF: 2345314 bytes, checksum: c2fd5882b5a286836e6a66b1a85942b1 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Edisangela Bastos (edisangela@ufpa.br) on 2017-05-10T16:04:21Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Tese_CaracterizacaoHistopatologicaImunohistoquimica.PDF: 2345314 bytes, checksum: c2fd5882b5a286836e6a66b1a85942b1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-10T16:04:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Tese_CaracterizacaoHistopatologicaImunohistoquimica.PDF: 2345314 bytes, checksum: c2fd5882b5a286836e6a66b1a85942b1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-26 / A criação de búfalos é uma importante fonte de renda no Amapá, representando um importante setor na economia local. A tuberculose é uma enfermidade infecto-contagiosa de distribuição mundial, que ocorre em bovinos e bubalinos, causada predominantemente por Mycobacterium bovis. A doença tem caráter crônico debilitante com impacto econômico na produção de carne e leite em diversas regiões do mundo, além de ser uma importante zoonose. Objetivando caracterizar M. bovis em lesões sugestivas de tuberculose detectadas na inspeção de bubalinos no Estado do Amapá, através dos métodos histopatológicos e imunohistoquímicos (IHQ) e análise molecular, realizou-se a coleta de 109 amostras de lesões sugestivas de tuberculose. Para a análise histopatológica, empregou-se técnicas habituais para inclusão em parafina, pela coloração de hematoxilina e eosina, e Fite-Faraco. Para a IHQ utilizou-se o método da peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) com um anti-soro policlonal de coelho contra o M. bovis (Dako B0124). Para a análise molecular, a extração do DNA micobacteriano, foi realizada diretamente do linfonodo e tratado pelo método do fenolclorofórmio, passando por dois protocolos de amplificação (PCR convencional e Nested- PCR). Histologicamente, 94,5% (103/109) apresentaram reação tecidual granulomatosa típica de lesão tuberculoide (LT), enquanto em 5,5% (06/109) sem características de granulomas tuberculoides (p < 0.0001). Os resultados obtidos através da IHQ, dentre os casos positivos pela histopatologia, todos apresentaram algum tipo de lesão classificada em diversos estágios pelo exame histopatológico, sendo observado que a maioria delas 82,2% (74/90; p < 0.0001) estava apenas no estágio IV. Entre os casos negativos, lesões necróticas apresentando-se apenas no último estágio de desenvolvimento (IV) também foram as mais frequentes 52,5% (10/19), e 31,5% (06/19) também foram negativos no histopatológico (p = 0.0030). Das 103 amostras positivas ao exame histopatológico, 73,8% (76/103) apresentaram reação de PCR positiva para o gênero Mycobacterium e 64,1% (66/103) apresentaram amplificação para a região RD4, confirmando a deleção, exclusiva da espécie M. bovis. Os resultados demonstraram que a tuberculose está presente nos rebanhos bubalinos do Amapá e regiões do Marajó no Pará, representando um sério risco de saúde pública. / The creation of buffalo is an important source of income in Amapá, an important sector in the local economy. Tuberculosis is an infectious disease of worldwide distribution, which occurs in cattle and buffaloes caused mainly by Mycobacterium bovis. The disease has debilitating chronic nature with economic impact on the production of meat and milk in different regions of the world, besides being an important zoonosis. Aiming to characterize M. bovis in suggestive of tuberculosis lesions detected in buffalo inspection in the State of Amapá, through histopathological and immunohistochemical methods (IHC) and molecular analysis, there was the collection of 109 samples suggestive of tuberculosis lesions. For histopathological analysis, we used standard techniques for paraffin by hematoxylin and eosin and Fite-Faraco. For IHC was used the method of peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) with a polyclonal rabbit antiserum against M. bovis (Dako B0124). For molecular analysis, mycobacterial DNA extraction was directly performed lymph node and treated by the phenolchloroform method through two amplification protocols (conventional PCR and Nested- PCR). Histologically, 94.5% (103/109) had typical granulomatous tissue reaction tuberculoide injury (LT), while in 5.5% (06/109) without features of tuberculoid granulomas (p <0.0001). The results obtained by IHC among the positive cases by histopathology, all had some kind of injury classified in several stages by histopathology, and observed that most of them 82.2% (74/90; p <0.0001) was only stage IV. Among the negative cases, necrotic lesions presenting only the last stage of development (IV) were also frequently 52.5% (10/19) and 31.5% (06/19) were also negative in the histopathologic ( p = 0.0030). Of the 103 positive samples for histopathology, 73.8% (76/103) were PCR positive reaction to the genus Mycobacterium and 64.1% (66/103) had amplification for the RD4 region, confirming the deletion, exclusive of the species M. bovis. The results showed that tuberculosis is present in buffalo herds of Amapá and regions of Marajó in Pará, representing a serious risk to public health.