Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / The present work aimed to study the bee species which visit flowers of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), cultivar 187 8H, their respective pollination efficiencies in relation to crop pollination requirements, as well as their implications in cotton ball production, quality of fiber and seeds produced. Data were collected from May to August 2006 in commercial cropping areas in the counties of Quixeramobim and QuixerÃ, state of CearÃ, Brazil. The area in Quixeramobim was small (10,000 m2), fertilized, close to native vegetation and used controlled insecticide applications, while the area in Quixerà was large (240,000 m2 ), non-fertilized, surrounded by other crop areas and submitted to systemic use of insecticide at every eight days. The research was split into four investigations: 1 â diversity and abundance of floral visitors to cotton flowers; 2 â foraging behavior of floral vistors to cotton flowers; 3 - floral biology, pollination requirements of cotton flowers, and pollination efficiency of Apis mellifera, and 4 â effect of Apis mellifera pollination in the physiological quality of cotton fiber and seeds. Floral visitors were observed, counted and captured by means of zig-zag walkings between the cropping lines. Experiments included bagging floral buds and hand pollination to evaluate cotton flowersâ pollination requirements and Apis mellifera pollination efficiency. Seed germination tests were carried out in the Seed Laboratory of the Universidade Federal do Cearà and fiber quality was evaluated in EMBRAPA AlgodÃo, Campina Grande-PB. The experimental design was entirely randomized and the crossed factorial Place x Treatment (2x5). Data were analised using Anova F test submitted to variance analysis and compared a posteriori by the Tukey test or by means of General Linear Models, depending on the nature of data. The following insect species were collected visiting flowers in the experimental sites: Apis mellifera, Brachygastra lecheguana, Polybia ignobilis, Ancyloscelis sp. 1, Ancyloscelis sp. 2, Melissoptila uncicornis, Psaenythia sp. and Anthrenoides sp., the last three species being new occurrences in the state of CearÃ. Floral visitors, resources gathered and foraging behavior were similar in both areas. Regarding floral biology, anthesis initiated early in the morning, from 6:00 h onwards, and all flowers were open by 7:00h. Stigmas were receptive from 6:00h to 13:00h, and pollen showed the greatest germinability (75%) after 10 hours of incubation. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) in fruit production among treatments in Quixeramobim and QuixerÃ. However, significant differences (P<0.05) were found among treatments within and/or between localities in variables such as cotton ball weight, seed weight, fiber weight, and number of seeds per fruit. In general, Quixerà showed lower means than Quixeramobim to all variables investigated. It was concluded that floral visitorsâ frequency to cotton flowers was low in Quixerà and Quixeramobim, A. mellifera showed the greatest potential to act as biotic pollinator of cotton flowers due to its large numbers in the areas, but Melissoptila uncicornis Ancyloscelis sp. 1 and Ancyloscelis sp. 2 could become important native pollinators in conditions more favorable to their presence, such as reduced use of insecticides, smaller crop fields, less soil revolving, and more proximity to native vegetation. The cotton plant is a species with an intermediate pollination system, being able of autopollination, however it needs biotic agents and good nutritional conditions to maximize pollination. It was also possible to conclude that natural pollination levels occurring in the areas studied were not sufficient to maximize production and that plants in Quixerà were not in the best nutritional conditions, in opposition to what was observed in Quixeramobim. It was also concluded that A. mellifera bees could be relevant to cotton pollination since they increased the percentage of emergence and the index of plantule emergence velocity in cotton seeds. The intrinsic fiber characteristics were not affected by pollination / O presente trabalho teve por objetivos estudar as abelhas visitantes do algodoeiro herbÃceo (Gossypium hirsutum) cultivar 187 8H, suas respectivas eficiÃncias polinizadoras em relaÃÃo aos requerimentos de polinizaÃÃo da cultura, bem como seus efeitos na produÃÃo de capulhos e qualidade da fibra e das sementes. Os dados foram coletados nos meses de maio de 2006 a fevereiro de 2007, em Ãreas comerciais dos municÃpios de Quixeramobim, e QuixerÃ, sendo a primeira adubada, pequena (10.000 m2), com uso controlado de defensivos agrÃcolas e prÃxima à mata nativa, enquanto que a outra nÃo recebeu adubaÃÃo, era grande (240.000 m2), com aplicaÃÃo de agrotÃxicos a cada oito dias e circundada por outras Ãreas cultivadas. O estudo foi realizado em quatro etapas: 1 - a diversidade e abundÃncia dos visitantes florais do algodoeiro; 2 â o comportamento de pastejo dos visitantes florais do algodoeiro; 3 - a biologia floral, requerimentos de polinizaÃÃo e eficiÃncia polinizadora de Apis mellifera no algodoeiro e 4 â o efeito da polinizaÃÃo por abelha Apis mellifera na qualidade fisiolÃgica da fibra e sementes de algodÃo. Os visitantes florais foram acompanhados, observados em seus comportamentos de pastejo, capturados e identificados ao longo do perÃodo de florescimento da cultura por meio de caminhadas em zigue-zague entre as fileiras do plantio. Experimentos de ensacamento de botÃes florais e polinizaÃÃo manual foram realizados para avaliar os requerimentos de polinizaÃÃo da cultura e eficiÃncia da abelha Apis mellifera na polinizaÃÃo do algodoeiro. Testes de germinaÃÃo das sementes e caracterÃsticas intrÃnsecas da fibra em funÃÃo do tipo de polinizaÃÃo foram utilizados para avaliar a qualidade de sementes e fibra. As anÃlises foram conduzidas no LaboratÃrio de Semente, da Universidade Federal do Cearà e no LaboratÃrio de Fibra, da Embrapa AlgodÃo, em Campina Grande-PB. Os experimentos foram montados em delineamento inteiramente casualizado e os dados analisados por meio de anÃlise de variÃncia com comparaÃÃo de mÃdias a posteriori pelo teste de Tukey, ou atravÃs da metodologia de Modelos Lineares Generalizados, dependendo da natureza dos dados. Os visitantes florais observados foram: Apis mellifera, Brachygastra lecheguana, Polybia ignobilis, Ancyloscelis sp. 1, Ancyloscelis sp. 2, Melissoptila uncicornis, Psaenythia sp. Anthrenoides sp., sendo as trÃs Ãltimas espÃcies novas ocorrÃncias para o estado do CearÃ. Os visitantes florais, a coleta de alimento e o comportamento dos insetos nas flores do algodoeiro foram semelhantes nos dois municÃpios estudados. Quanto à biologia floral, a antese aconteceu a partir das 6:00h, sendo que todas as flores estavam abertas Ãs 7:00h. Os estigmas apresentaram-se receptivos das 6:00h Ãs 13:00h e o pÃlen mostrou maior germinabilidade (75%) apÃs 10 horas de incubaÃÃo. NÃo houve diferenÃas significativas (P>0,05) na produÃÃo de frutos entre os tratamentos em Quixeramobim e QuixerÃ. PorÃm, foram observadas diferenÃas significativas (P<0,05) entre os tratamentos dentro e/ou entre localidades, em parÃmetros como o peso do capulho, peso da fibra, peso da semente, nÃmero de sementes, qualidade da semente e alguns parÃmetros de qualidade da fibra. De uma maneira geral, Quixerà apresentou mÃdias menores que Quixeramobim para todos os parÃmetros investigados. Concluiu-se que a freqÃÃncia dos visitantes florais foi baixa nos plantios de algodÃo de Quixerà e Quixeramobim, Apis mellifera possui o maior potencial para atuar como polinizador biÃtico do algodoeiro devido seu grande nÃmero nas Ãreas, mas Melissoptila uncicornis, Ancyloscelis sp. 1 e Ancyloscelis sp. 2 poderiam tornar-se polinizadores nativos importantes em situaÃÃes mais favorÃveis à sua presenÃa, como um menor uso de defensivos agrÃcolas, Ãreas de plantio menores, menos revolvimento do solo e maior proximidade à mata nativa. O algodoeiro à uma planta de polinizaÃÃo intermediÃria, podendo se autopolinizar, porÃm necessita de agentes biÃticos e um bom estado nutricional para maximizar a polinizaÃÃo. Pode-se concluir tambÃm que o nÃvel de polinizaÃÃo natural nas Ãreas foi insuficiente para maximizar a produÃÃo e que as plantas de Quixerà nÃo estavam adequadamente nutridas, ao contrÃrio das de Quixeramobim. TambÃm se concluiu que as abelhas A. mellifera podem ser importantes na polinizaÃÃo do algodoeiro, jà que levaram à porcentuais de emergÃncia e Ãndice de velocidade de emergÃncia de plÃntulas superiores. As caracterÃsticas intrÃnsecas da fibra nÃo foram influenciadas pelos tipos de polinizaÃÃo

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / A pesquisa foi realizada com o objetivo de avaliar a decomposiÃÃo da folhagem de marmeleiro (Croton sonderianus), em funÃÃo da forma de acondicionamento e disposiÃÃo do material no solo na estaÃÃo seca e na estaÃÃo chuvosa. O experimento foi conduzido na Fazenda Experimental Vale do AcaraÃ, onde foram selecionadas duas Ãreas com 1 ha cada. Uma Ãrea apresentava a vegetaÃÃo preservada e a outra Ãrea sofreu aÃÃes antropogÃnicas. Foram acondicionados 30 g de folhagem de marmeleiro em 72 sacolas de decomposiÃÃo (que foram confeccionadas com malha telada de n 0 com 30 cm x 30 cm) as quais foram divididas em 3 tratamentos: sacolas com ambas as faces livres (A); sacolas com a face superior protegida por um plÃstico transparente (B), sacolas com a face superior protegida por lona branca (C). O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado em um arranjo fatorial de 3 x 2 x 2 x 2, sendo 3 tipos de sacolas x 2 Ãreas x 2 posiÃÃes x 2 estaÃÃes, com trÃs repetiÃÃes. Foi mensurada a temperatura ambiental, mÃxima e mÃnima, a temperatura do solo, assim como a umidade presente no mesmo, e a radiaÃÃo solar. As taxas de decomposiÃÃo real foram obtidas atravÃs de equaÃÃo, em que houve a subtraÃÃo da porcentagem inicial de biomassa vegetal pela quantidade restante nas sacolas ao fim de cada estaÃÃo. A forma de acondicionamento do material, as posiÃÃes em que os mesmos estavam assim como a influÃncia das estaÃÃes do ano e seus fatores abiÃticos caracterÃsticos, influenciaram na taxa de decomposiÃÃo da folhagem de marmeleiro, sendo que ocorrem maiores taxas de decomposiÃÃo na Ãrea preservada durante o perÃodo chuvoso. / The research was conducted to evaluate the decomposition of leaves of marmeleiro (Croton sonderianus), depending on the shape and arrangement of the packing material in the soil in the dry and rainy seasons. The experiment was conducted at the Fazenda Experimental Vale do AcaraÃ, where two areas were selected with 1 ha each. One area showed the preserved vegetation and other anthropogenic area suffered. Were placed 30 g of leaves of marmeleiro in 72 bags of decomposition (which were made with mesh screened from No. 0 to 30 cm x 30 cm) which were divided into three treatments: bags with both free surfaces (A); bags with the top surface protected by a transparent plastic (B), bags with the top surface protected by white canvas (C). The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial arrangement of 3 x 2 x 2 x 2, and 3 types of bags x 2 x 2 locations x 2 seasons, with three replications. Was measured at ambient temperature, maximum and minimum soil temperature and the moisture present in it, and solar radiation. Decomposition rates were obtained by real equation, in which there was the subtraction of the initial percentage of plant biomass by the amount remaining in the bags at the end of each season. The form of packaging material, the positions in which they were as well the influence of the seasons and their abiotic characteristics, influence the rate of decomposition of leaves of marmeleiro, with higher rates of degradation occur in the preserved during the rainy season.

Submitted by Thaysa Marinho Farias (thaysa.farias@gmail.com) on 2018-12-05T13:46:12Z No. of bitstreams: 3 Dissertação_Thaysa Marinho Farias.pdf: 1463422 bytes, checksum: d589bcd62ce928045d73d03e80bfe6b2 (MD5) CartaEncaminhamentoAutodepósitoThaysa.pdf: 43146 bytes, checksum: 559d8856a2a56fd64fd56482ec66eaa4 (MD5) Ata de Defesa - Thaysa M. Farias.pdf: 66443 bytes, checksum: 49f6f19b616e68ebecc3f50b110293a6 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by PPGCAN Ciência Animal (ppgcan.ufam@gmail.com) on 2018-12-05T13:51:16Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 3 Dissertação_Thaysa Marinho Farias.pdf: 1463422 bytes, checksum: d589bcd62ce928045d73d03e80bfe6b2 (MD5) CartaEncaminhamentoAutodepósitoThaysa.pdf: 43146 bytes, checksum: 559d8856a2a56fd64fd56482ec66eaa4 (MD5) Ata de Defesa - Thaysa M. Farias.pdf: 66443 bytes, checksum: 49f6f19b616e68ebecc3f50b110293a6 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2018-12-05T14:06:24Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 3 Dissertação_Thaysa Marinho Farias.pdf: 1463422 bytes, checksum: d589bcd62ce928045d73d03e80bfe6b2 (MD5) CartaEncaminhamentoAutodepósitoThaysa.pdf: 43146 bytes, checksum: 559d8856a2a56fd64fd56482ec66eaa4 (MD5) Ata de Defesa - Thaysa M. Farias.pdf: 66443 bytes, checksum: 49f6f19b616e68ebecc3f50b110293a6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-05T14:06:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3 Dissertação_Thaysa Marinho Farias.pdf: 1463422 bytes, checksum: d589bcd62ce928045d73d03e80bfe6b2 (MD5) CartaEncaminhamentoAutodepósitoThaysa.pdf: 43146 bytes, checksum: 559d8856a2a56fd64fd56482ec66eaa4 (MD5) Ata de Defesa - Thaysa M. Farias.pdf: 66443 bytes, checksum: 49f6f19b616e68ebecc3f50b110293a6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-11-12 / FAPEAM - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas / This study aimed to evaluate the use of DL-methionine to in ovo feeding of chick embryos. The study was conducted at the facilities of Poultry Technology Laboratory of Poultry Sector of the Department of Animal and Plant Production, College of Agrarian Sciences, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. A total of 224 fertile eggs from Rhode Island Red breeders (35 weeks of age) were used. The experimental design was completely randomized with the treatments constituted by two controls and five solutions containing DL-methionine levels with 32 replicates (eggs) each. Data collected were subjected to polynomial regression at 5% of significance. The incubation yields, chick / egg ratio, serum biochemical parameters and development of gastrointestinal tract (directly related organs and regions) of the hatch chicks were evaluated. Statistical analysis was performed using SAS software (2008), where the data collected were submitted to analysis of variance and the estimates of the treatments were analysed by polynomial regression at 0.01 and 0.05 of significance. The results of this study indicate that up to 1.0% of DL-methionine can be used for in egg feeding for chick embryos, providing higher birth weight, greater yolk sac weight, increased goblet cell numbers in crypts of small intestine and the villi of the large intestine, and better development of the mucous layer of the small and large intestine. / O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos e o potencial biológico da DL-metionina para fins de inoculação em ovos embrionados. O estudo foi conduzido no Laboratório de Tecnologia Avícola do Setor de Avicultura do Departamento de Produção Animal e Vegetal da Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias da Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil. Foi realizado experimento para avaliação da bioeficácia da DL-metionina para fins de inoculação in ovo. Foram utilizados 224 ovos férteis oriundos de matrizes Rhode Island Red com 35 semanas de idade. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, onde os tratamentos foram constituídos por dois controles e cinco soluções experimentais contendo níveis crescentes de DL-metionina, com 32 repetições (ovos) por tratamento. Foram avaliados os rendimentos de incubação, a relação pinto/ovo, os parâmetros bioquímicos séricos e o desenvolvimento do trato gastrointestinal (órgãos diretamente relacionados e regiões) dos pintos ao nascer. A análise estatística foi realizada através do programa computacional SAS (2008), onde os dados coletados foram submetidos à análise de variância e as estimativas dos tratamentos foram analisados por regressão polinomial à 0,01 e 0,05 de significância. Os resultados deste estudo indicaram que até 1,0% de DL-metionina pode ser utilizada para fins de alimentação in ovo em embriões avícolas, proporcionado maior peso do pintanho ao nascer, maior peso do saco vitelino, aumento no número de células caliciformes nas criptas do intestino delgado e nas vilosidades do intestino grosso, assim como estimular o desenvolvimento da camada mucosa do intestino delgado e grosso

FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgico / Em altas latitudes tem-se observado uma variaÃÃo na composiÃÃo bioquÃmica do plasma seminal (PS) de caprinos por influÃncia da estacionalidade. Em baixas latitudes essa variaÃÃo tem sido atribuÃda unicamente ao baixo valor nutricional das dietas na Ãpoca seca. Objetivou-se por meio deste estudo avaliar a ocorrÃncia de variaÃÃo na composiÃÃo bioquÃmica do PS de caprinos SPRD criados intensivamente no Estado do CearÃ, Brasil. O experimento foi conduzido nas instalaÃÃes do Dep. de Zootecnia da Universidade Federal do Cearà â UFC. Foram utilizados 20 bodes SPRD, alimentados segundo o NRC/caprinos (1981). Os ejaculados foram coletados semanalmente em vagina artificial e letroejaculador e em seguida avaliados, mensurados, centrifugados e separados o PS (sobrenadante) das cÃlulas espermÃticas (precipitado), sendo acondicionados em tubos eppendorffs a -18ÂC, durante um ano (Set/2005 a Ago/2006). Para realizaÃÃo das anÃlises as amostra semanais passaram a constituir um pool individual mensal, onde foram avaliadas as concentraÃÃes de Ca, P, Mg, PTt, AC e frutose. Foi observada variaÃÃo significativa (p<0,05) na composiÃÃo bioquÃmica do PS entre as Ãpocas do ano, registrando-se os nÃveis mais elevados dos parÃmetros bioquÃmicos na Ãpoca chuvosa. A variaÃÃo individual foi significativa (p<0,01), sà havendo interaÃÃo significativa, animal/Ãpoca para a frutose (p<0,05). O estudo das correlaÃÃes mostrou associaÃÃes significativas (p<0,0001) entre PTt, AC e frutose, entre os volumes de ejaculado e de PS, com os componentes, e de temperatura, umidade, precipitaÃÃo e ITU, com os parÃmetros bioquÃmicos do PS. Concluindo-se que a frutose à um bom parÃmetro bioquÃmico para o estudo da qualidade seminal, entretanto, mais estudos sÃo necessÃrios para identificar as causas desta variaÃÃo, e compreender melhor o papel da frutose, acido cÃtrico e proteÃnas totais no metabolismo espermÃtico. / Goat seminal plasma (SP) biochemical composition observed to very in high latitudes due to seasonality. In low latitudes this variation has been attributed only to the low nutritional value of diets in the dry period. The aims of this study were to evaluate the occurrence of variation in the SP biochemical composition of SPRD goats breed intensively in the State of CearÃ, Brazil. The experiment was carried out in the facilities of Dep. of Zootecnia of the Federal University of Cearà - UFC. Twenty male SPRD goats were used, they were fed according to NRC/goats (1981). Ejaculated were collected weekly in artificial vagina and eletroejaculador, and evaluated, measure, centrifuged and separated the SP (sobreswing) from the cells spermatic (precipitate), being stored in eppendorff tubes at -18ÂC, during one year (Sep/2005 the Aug/2006). For analyses purpose weekly sample were mixed to constitute a monthly individual pool, from which were evaluated the concentrations of Ca, P, Mg, PTt, CA and fructose. Significant variation was observed (p <0,05) in the biochemical composition of the SP among the periods of the year, registering the highest levels of biochemical parameters in the rainy period. The individual variation was significant (p <0,01), only having significant interaction animal/period to the fructose (p <0,05). The study of correlations showed significant associations (p <0,0001) among PTt, CA and fructose, among the ejaculate volume and of SP with the components, and of temperature, humidity, precipitation and ITU with the biochemical parameters of the SP. It is concluded that fructose is a good biochemical parameter for the study of seminal quality. However, more studies are necessary to identify the causes of this variation, and to better understand the role of the fructose, citric acid and total proteins in the metabolism spermatic.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / The objective present work was to evaluate the weight earnings, the morfometric and the characteristics of carcass of two genotype of lambs fedlot hair, Santa Ines and Somalis. Two experiments were accomplished: I - for weight earnings and morfometric of males and females, in confinement, and II - for evaluation of the characteristics of carcass of the males. In the experiment I, 10 males and 10 females of the race Santa Ines, and 10 males and 06 females of the race Somalis, were used, in a completely randomized design, in factorial outline 2x2 (two races and two sexes), which totaled four treatments. The adopted alimentary handling was the supply of pricked grass-elephant and concentrated (400g/head/day), distributed in the morning and in the afternoon. The experimental period had duration of 60 days, where every fifteen days the animals were heavy and accomplished the following weight measures: withers height (HW), crop height (CH),thorax height (TH), length of the body (LB), thoracic perimeter (TP), width of the thorax (WT), width of the croup (WC), croup length (CL), ileum width (IW) and width isqueum (IW). In the experiment II, a completely randomized design, where nine males Santa Ines and six Somalis were abated when they reached an average of 28 kg of alive weight. The appraised characteristics were, the alive discount weight (DW), hot carcass weigh (HCW), cold carcass weigh (CCW), hot carcass revenues (HCR) and cold (CCR), cooling loss (CL), internal length of the carcass (CLI) and the index of compactness of the carcass (ICC). In the cold carcass they were appraised the revenue of the following commercial cuts: neck, palette, whole loin, leg, chest, rack, rib and flank. There was significant difference (P<0.05) among the races and enter the sexes so much for the corporal weight as for most of the accomplished measures, of the 150 to the 210 days of age, and the race Santa Ines was superior the race Somalis, and the superior males the females. Among the carcass characteristics, the race Somalis presented smaller averages for PR and ML (P<0.05) than Santa Ines. There were not significant differences for the other carcass characteristics, as well as for the revenues of the cuts, among the appraised races. Santa Ines presented larger weights, weight measures, internal length of the carcass and it breaks for cooling than Somalis. With relationship to the revenue of the commercial cuts accomplished in the carcass the races sheeps Santa Ines and Somalis they were similar to each other / O objetivo presente trabalho foi avaliar o ganho de peso, a morfometria e as caracterÃsticas de carcaÃa de dois genÃtipos de ovinos deslanados, Santa InÃs e Somalis. Foram realizados dois experimentos: I â para ganho de peso e morfometria de machos e fÃmeas, em confinamento, e II â para avaliaÃÃo das caracterÃsticas de carcaÃa dos machos. No experimento I, foram utilizados 10 machos e 10 fÃmeas da raÃa Santa InÃs, e 10 machos e 06 fÃmeas da raÃa Somalis Brasileiros, em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2x2 (duas raÃas e dois sexos), o qual totalizou quatro tratamentos. O manejo alimentar adotado foi o fornecimento de capim-elefante picado e concentrado (400g/ cabeÃa/dia), distribuÃdos pela manhà e à tarde. O perÃodo experimental teve duraÃÃo de 60 dias, onde a cada quinze dias os animais foram pesados e realizadas as seguintes medidas corporais: altura da cernelha (ACE), altura da garupa (AGA), altura do tÃrax (ATO), comprimento do corpo (CCO), perÃmetro torÃcico (PTO), largura do tÃrax (LTO), largura da garupa (LGA), comprimento da garupa (CGA), largura do Ãlio (LIL) e largura do Ãsquio (LIS). No experimento II, foi utilizado um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, onde nove machos Santa InÃs e seis Somalis foram abatidos quando atingiram uma mÃdia de 28 kg de peso vivo. As caracterÃsticas avaliadas foram, o peso vivo ao abate (PVA), peso da carcaÃa quente (PCQ), peso da carcaÃa fria (PCF), rendimentos de carcaÃa quente (RCQ) e fria (RCF), perda por resfriamento (PR), comprimento interno da carcaÃa (ML) e o Ãndice de compacidade da carcaÃa (ICC). Na carcaÃa fria foram avaliados o rendimento dos seguintes cortes comerciais: pescoÃo, paleta, lombo inteiro, perna, peito, carrÃ, costela e fraldinha. Houve diferenÃa significativa (p<0,05) entre as raÃas e entre os sexos tanto para o peso corporal como para a maioria das medidas realizadas, dos 150 aos 210 dias de idade, sendo que a raÃa Santa InÃs foi superior a raÃa Somalis, e os machos superiores as fÃmeas. Dentre as caracterÃsticas de carcaÃa, a raÃa Somalis apresentou menores mÃdias para PR e ML (p<0,05) do que a Santa InÃs. NÃo houve diferenÃas significativas para as demais caracterÃsticas de carcaÃa, como tambÃm para os rendimentos dos cortes, entre as raÃas avaliadas. A Santa InÃs apresentou maiores pesos, medidas corporais, comprimento interno da carcaÃa e quebra por resfriamento do que a Somalis. Quanto ao rendimento dos cortes comerciais realizados na carcaÃa as raÃas ovinas Santa InÃs e Somalis foram semelhantes entre si.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / Visou avaliar o desempenho reprodutivo de cabras mestiÃas e cabras SPRD para produÃÃo de carne acasaladas durante o perÃodo chuvoso no estado do CearÃ. Foi conduzido na Fazenda Experimental Vale do CurÃ, localizada no municÃpio de Pentecostes utilizando 24 cabras mestiÃas  Anglo nubiano x SPRD, 37 mestiÃas  Boer x SPRD e 37 matrizes SPRD, com o perÃodo de acasalamento durante os meses de abril e maio do ano de 2006 e duraÃÃo de 42 dias. Os parÃmetros avaliados foram freqÃÃncia de estro, taxa de pariÃÃo, duraÃÃo da gestaÃÃo, prolificidade, tipo de parto, taxa de desmame, mortalidade das crias, peso das matrizes no inÃcio e final da estaÃÃo de acasalamento e ao parto e efeito do sexo e genÃtipo sobre o peso das crias ao nascimento, aos 40 dias e ao desmame, que foi realizado aos 90 dias. As anÃlises de variÃncia foram feitas com base no mÃtodo dos quadrados mÃnimos e os testes de comparaÃÃo de mÃdias pelo teste Tukey, a 5 % de probabilidade. Houve aumento dos pesos das matrizes durante a estaÃÃo de monta. O grupo genÃtico Boer x SPRD apresentou, em mÃdia, estro mais tardiamente que os outros grupos, mas no andamento do perÃodo de monta houve similaridades entre os grupos. As crias oriundas de cruzamentos com reprodutores de raÃas exÃticas apresentaram-se mais pesadas que os animais SPRD. Da mesma forma, as crias do sexo masculino apresentou-se mais pesada que o sexo feminino. Nos outros parÃmetros houve uma ligeira equivalÃncia de resultados entre os trÃs grupos. Desta forma, as matrizes mestiÃas apresentaram desempenho similar e nÃo foram superiores Ãs cabras SPRD e a introduÃÃo de genes exÃticos para produÃÃo de carne incrementou o peso das crias desde o nascimento atà o desmame. / Aimed to evaluate the reproductive performance of cross bred and SPRD goats for meat production, mated during raining season in state of CearÃ. It was performed on Vale do Curà Experimental Farm, sitted on Pentecostes using 24 cross bred goats  Anglo nubian x SPRD, 37cross breds  Boer x SPRD and 37 goats SPRD, with the breeding season happening in 2006, april and may, and lasting 42 days. The evaluated parameters were estrus frequency, birth rate, duration of pregnancy, prolificity, type of birth, weaning rate, mortality of kids, wheight of goats at beggining and ending of mating season and at birth, and gender and genotype efect over wheight at birth, at 40 days and weaning, that was performed at 90 days of age. The data were analized using q-quadratic test and means comparasion tests, under Tukey test at 5 % of probability. There were a increase of goats wheights during mating season. The genetic group  Boer x SPRD showed, by mean, estrus latter than others groups, but became similars on the rest of period. The kids deriving from cross with exotic breed bucks showed heavier than that deriving from SPRD bucks cross. Equally, male kids were heavier than female kids. On the others parameters there were an equivalency between groups. This way, the cross breds goats showed similars performances and were not better than SPRD goats, and the introduction of exotic gens for meat production improved the weight of kids from birth until weaning.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T14:59:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2007- Marta Rodrigues Pacheco.pdf: 2134632 bytes, checksum: a8aff3b9147f86aa61211a72ac73fd49 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-09-13 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The brazilian sac brood (BSB) is a described disease in Brazil that attacks honey bees when they are fed with the pollen of certain trees as Stryphnodendron (Mimosoidea), commonly known as barbatim?o . These plants contain toxic substances as tannins that lead to a high mortality at the pre-pulps. The crescent loss of hives at different periods and regions of Rio de Janeiro state associated to the difficulty of finding the trees suspected of being intoxicated near the infected apiaries permits suggesting a hypothesis that the disease is not caused by the barbatim?o pollen. It still raises hypothesis that the bee diseases represent a significant cause for the hives losses observed in the state of Rio de Janeiro. To verify the hypothesis it was evaluated a survey of beekeeping losses, it was analyzed the geographical overlap between occurrence of BSB and distribution of S. pollyphyllum and S. adstringens. And also for this reason it was made the check out the pollen consumption of these plants for the Apis at natural conditions and it was initiated microbiological and toxic investigations. For the first approach it was researched the extension, distribution and reasons for the hive losses and its relation to the bees diseases. For this, the 2006 apiarian census was consulted. A comparative study was done in relation to the area of occurrence of BSB and the simultaneous existence of Stryphnodendron and the pollinic types specially of the barbatim?o that were present in the hives samples. Finally it was isolated and identified bacteria, fungi and mycotoxins in the apiarian pollen, bee bread and dead larvae of bee hives with BSB. The results of the census allowed seeing that the bees disease was the main reason for the loss of the hives. There wasn t the superposition between the BSB Stryphnodendron in Rio de Janeiro. It wasn t observed Stryphnodendron pollen in none of the analyzed samples. The results suggest that the disease that occurs in Rio de Janeiro state with similar symptoms to BSB is not caused by barbatim?o pollen. The Anadenanthera pollen was the majority in the study regions. Bacillus was the most frequent bacteria genus and the species were B. thuringiensis, B. alvei, B. apiarius, B. megaterium and B. polymyxa. The mycobiota was mainly composed of Penicillium and Aspergillus, with two potentially pathogenic and toxic species: A. niger and A. parasiticus. Aflatoxins B1 and G1 were presented in apiarian pollen and bee bread samples of a studied apiarian. It is necessary to realize other researches to confirm the etiology of BSB in the state of Rio de Janeiro. / A cria ensacada brasileira (CEB) ? uma doen?a descrita no Brasil que acomete as larvas de abelhas mel?feras quando s?o alimentadas com o p?len de algumas ?rvores tais como Stryphnodendron (Mimosoidea), conhecidas popularmente por barbatim?o . Estas plantas cont?m subst?ncias t?xicas, como os taninos, que provocam uma alta mortalidade nas larvas pr?-pupas. A crescente perda de colm?ias em diferentes ?pocas e regi?es do estado do Rio de Janeiro associada ? dificuldade de encontrar as ?rvores incriminadas como t?xicas nas proximidades de api?rios afetados pela CEB, permite sugerir a hip?tese de que a doen?a n?o ? causada pelo p?len do barbatim?o neste estado. Levanta-se ainda a hip?tese de que as doen?as de abelhas representam uma causa significativa para as perdas de colm?ias observadas no estado do Rio de Janeiro. Para testar estas hip?teses, objetivou-se fazer um levantamento da ocorr?ncia de perdas de colm?ias, analisar a sobreposi??o da CEB com a distribui??o geogr?fica de S. pollyphyllum e S. adstringens, verificar o consumo do p?len destas plantas pelas Apis em condi??es naturais e iniciar investiga??es microbiol?gicas e toxicol?gicas. Na fase preliminar, pesquisou-se a extens?o, distribui??o e causas de perdas de colm?ias e a sua rela??o com as doen?as de abelhas. Para isto, foram levantados dados de perdas relativos ao censo ap?cola elaborado no estado do Rio em 2006. Realizou-se tamb?m um estudo comparativo entre o zoneamento da CEB e o de Stryphnodendron no estado do Rio de Janeiro. Posteriormente, buscaram-se os tipos pol?nicos, especialmente de barbatim?o , presentes em amostras de colm?ias localizadas em regi?es de ocorr?ncia da CEB. Finalmente, isolaram-se e identificaram-se bact?rias e fungos presentes em amostras de p?len ap?cola, p?o de abelhas e larvas mortas de colm?ias com CEB, e investigou-se a presen?a de micotoxinas. Resultados do censo do estado mostraram que as doen?as de abelhas constitu?ram a principal causa de perdas de colm?ias. N?o houve sobreposi??o entre a ocorr?ncia da cria ensacada brasileira e a de Stryphnodendron no estado do Rio de Janeiro e tamb?m n?o foi observado p?len de Stryphnodendron em qualquer amostra analisada, indicando que: a doen?a que ocorre no estado do Rio de Janeiro com sintomas semelhantes a CEB n?o ? causada pelo p?len de barbatim?o . Prevaleceu durante a CEB p?len de Anadenanthera. Bacillus foi a bact?ria mais freq?ente, identificando-se: B. thuringiensis, B. alvei, B. apiarius, B. megaterium e B. polymyxa. A micobiota foi composta principalmente por Penicillium e Aspergillus, este com duas esp?cies potencialmente patog?nicas e tox?genas: A. niger e A. parasiticus. Aflatoxinas B1 e G1 estiveram presentes em amostras de p?len ap?cola e p?o de abelhas de um api?rio pesquisado. Faz-se necess?rio realizar outros estudos para afirmar a etiologia da CEB no estado do Rio de Janeiro.

Submitted by Rosivalda Pereira (mrs.pereira@ufma.br) on 2017-10-04T20:06:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 RaimundaSilva.pdf: 3007003 bytes, checksum: 6d2583372b22c581e239bf77c0d1338e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-04T20:06:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RaimundaSilva.pdf: 3007003 bytes, checksum: 6d2583372b22c581e239bf77c0d1338e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-06 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa e ao Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico do Maranhão / ABSTRACT: Soil is the habitat for a number of living organisms that perform essential functions to the ecosystem. The present work aimed to determine the edaphic diversity in large groups under different uses and management of the soil in Cerrado Biome. The study was developed in the city of Mata Roma (3º 70 '80.88' 'S and 43º 18' 71.27 '' W), in the eastern region of Maranhão state, Brazil. It were installed 130 pitfall traps in five areas with different management (millet, soybean, maize, eucalyptus, and pasture) and two reference areas with natural vegetation with different uses (anthropized Cerrado and preserved Cerrado). The traps remained in the field for a period of seven days, after this, the contents were maintained in plastic bottles and taken to the laboratory, where they were sampled and identified in large groups (orders and family). After identification, the biodiversity indexes were determined: (Shanon index, Pielou, Average and total richness and abundance). The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multivariate techniques using group dissimilarity. The geostatistical analysis was evaluated by a semivariogram, adjusted to a geostatistical, spherical, gaussian or exponential model. The multifractality was analyzed by the current method, in successive segments of different sizes of 2k , k=0 a k= 7 in the range of q = +10 to q = -10. 20,995 arthropods were collected throughout the study. The highest abundance was found for millet (9,974 individuals), and the lowest abundance values were reported for soybean (222) and maize (824), respectively. The highest biodiversity index is reported for the soybean area (2.69), although there is less abundance, in this area, the groups are evenly distributed due to the homogeneous management in the study area. The main axis in the analysis of the main components (PCA) explained 50.9% of the correlation of the groups with the sampled areas. The dendrogram had demonstrated that the area of soybean and maize are similar and had isolated the area of millet with the most dissimilar in relation to the others. The use and management of the soil in the study areas determine the occurrence of soil arthropods in function of food availability. For the areas of millet, maize, eucalyptus, anthropized Cerrado and pasture the Shanon diversity index obtained pure nugget effect. For the areas of millet, maize, anthropized Cerrado and pasture, the total diversity index was adjusted to the gaussian model. Only for the areas of soybean and pasture the staggered semivariograms showed similarity in the spatial variability of indexes, indicating that they behave similarly. The multifractality generated generalized dimension, D0, for all the indexes in the millet area, with invariant values, D0 = 1.000 ± 0.000. The singularity spectra were curves in concave parables with greater or smaller asymmetry for all areas sampled. In general, the fauna of soil presented spatial variability and multifractal parameters. / ABSTRACT: Soil is the habitat for a number of living organisms that perform essential functions to the ecosystem. The present work aimed to determine the edaphic diversity in large groups under different uses and management of the soil in Cerrado Biome. The study was developed in the city of Mata Roma (3º 70 '80.88' 'S and 43º 18' 71.27 '' W), in the eastern region of the State of Maranhão, Brazil. Were installed 130 pitfall traps in five areas with different management (Millet, Soybean, Maize, Eucalyptus, and Pasture) and two reference areas with natural vegetation with different uses (anthropized Cerrado and preserved Cerrado). The traps remained in the field for a period of seven days, after this, the contents were maintained in plastic bottles and taken to the laboratory, where they were sampled and identified in large groups (orders and family). After identification, the biodiversity indexes were determined: (Shanon index, Pielou, Average and total richness and abundance). The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multivariate techniques using group dissimilarity. 20,995 arthropods were collected throughout the study. The highest abundance was found for millet (9,974 individuals), and the lowest abundance values were reported for soybean (222) and maize (824), respectively. The highest biodiversity index is reported for the soybean area (2.69), although there is less abundance, in this area, the groups are evenly distributed due to the homogeneous management in the study area. The main axis in the analysis of the main components (PCA) explained 50.9% of the correlation of the groups with the sampled areas. The dendrogram had demonstrated that the area of soybean and maize are similar and had isolated the area of millet with the most dissimilar in relation to the others. The use and management of the soil in the study areas determine the occurrence of soil arthropods in function of food availability.

Orientador: Danilo Florentino Pereira / Coorientador: Mario Mollo Neto / Coorientador: Luiz Fernando Sommaggio Coletta / Resumo: As aves são animais homeotérmicos e manter a temperatura corporal dentro de limites da termoneutralidade proporcionam maior produtividade e melhor bem-estar. Quando a temperatura do ambiente está fora da zona de termoneutralidade, as aves expressam comportamentos individuais e de grupo que acusam esse desconforto. A hipótese deste trabalho é que o comportamento de aglomeração das aves possa ser utilizado para expressar seu nível de conforto térmico. O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver um algoritmo computacional para processamento e análise de imagens de poedeiras criadas sobre cama de maravalha capaz de identificar o grau de aglomeração das aves em diferentes condições de conforto térmico. Foram objetivos específicos propor um índice de aglomeração baseado em medidas obtidas na análise das imagens e confirmar as diferenças deste índice de aglomeração em diferentes condições de temperatura do ambiente de criação. O algoritmo foi desenvolvido em ambiente MatLab® e foi dividido em duas etapas: processamento e análise da imagem. Foi realizado um experimento em três aviários de escala reduzida e distorcida com grupos de 10 aves em cada aviário. As aves foram monitoradas por câmeras de vídeo instaladas no teto dos aviários. Os vídeos foram processados frame a frame pelo algoritmo e medidas de área, perímetro e distâncias entre os centros de massa dos aglomerados de aves foram obtidas na análise das imagens. A partir dessas medidas foi proposto um índice de aglomeração que foi... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Birds are homeothermic animals and maintaining body temperature within the limits of thermoneutrality provide greater productivity and better well-being. When the ambient temperature is outside the thermoneutral zone, the birds express individual and group behaviors that accuse this discomfort. The hypothesis of this work is that the agglomeration behavior of the birds can be used to express their level of thermal comfort. The objective of this work was to develop a computational algorithm for image processing and analysis of laying hens on a bed of marbles capable of identifying the degree of agglomeration of the birds in different conditions of thermal comfort. Specific objectives were to propose an agglomeration index based on measurements obtained in the analysis of the images and to confirm the differences of this agglomeration index in different temperature conditions of the breeding environment. The algorithm was developed in MatLab® environment and was divided into two stages: image processing and analysis. An experiment was carried out on three small scale and distorted aviaries with groups of 10 birds in each aviary. The birds were monitored by video cameras installed on the ceiling of the aviaries. The videos were processed frame by frame by the algorithm and measurements of area, perimeter and distances between the centers of mass of birds were obtained in the analysis of the images. From these measurements an agglomeration index was proposed that was used to calculate the level of agglomeration of each frame of two videos obtained under different thermal conditions: 21ºC and 32ºC. The results of agglomeration index in the two temperature conditions were submitted to the T-student test, which confirmed the difference in the two situations, thus validating the proposed agglomeration index. The experiment was repeated in different thermal environment... (Complete abstract click eletronic access below) / Mestre

En aquest treball, es pretén analitzar les possibilitats que té l'introducció deplataformes de força simples (plataforma rígida de 1,5*3,0 m sobre quatrecèl.lules càrrega al pas de verres sense aturar ni condicionar) en granja deproducció de garrins per a l'estimació de pes viu, valoració de la condiciócorporal (gruix de dorsal sobre pes viu) i de la locomotricitat (anàlisi de lamarxa).A partir d'una meta-anàlisi i l'estudi de les dades observades en granja (pes viuestàtic, gruix de greix dorsal, ingesta), es conclou que la plataforma de força hade considerar-se com a eina de diagnòstic de l'alimentació de verres i no com aeina predictiva de la producció (increment de pes de la garrinada durantl'alletament) o reproducció (interval desalletament-detecció de zel o bé cubriciófecundant).L'estimació de pes viu mitjançant la plataforma de força es veu condicionadaper l'aparició de valors "outliers" que podrien ser exclosos mitjançant una dobleplataforma. Un cop realitzat un correcte retall del senyal rellevant al pas de lesverres sobre la plataforma, es pot estimar amb suficient precisió el pes viu ( 1,1% RMSE).Analitzant el senyal sumat al pas de la verra sobre la plataforma de força i per adiferents bandes de freqüència (entorn, per sota i per sobre de la freqüèncianatural de la plataforma, 15 Hz), es valora mitjançant xarxes neuronals siexisteix informació per a quantificar el gruix de greix dorsal o si més nodiscriminar entre verres magres i grasses. A partir de la metodologia usada, noes pot concloure l'existència d'informació per a la quantificació del greix dorsal,encara que es pot arribar a discriminar, per a freqüències per sobre de lanatural (20-30 Hz), les verres més magres (gruix de greix dorsal per sota de 19mm) de la resta.Del tratament del senyal de les cèl·lules de càrrega per separat on es recolza laplataforma, es valora la posició del centre de gravetat de l'animal i s'intrepeta latrajectòria en cada moment. De les variables extretes de la comparació entretrajectòria i posició del centre de gravetat, es pot arribar a agrupar ("clustering")les verres segons la qualitat de la marxa. / En este trabajo, se pretende analizar las posibilidades que tiene la introducciónde plataformas de fuerza simples (plataforma rígida de 1,5*3,0 m sobre cuatrocélulas de carga al paso de cerdas sin detener no condicionar) en granja deproducción de lechones para la estimación de peso vivo, valoración de lacondición corporal (grasa dorsal sobre peso vivo) y de la locomotricidad(análisis de la marcha).A partir de un meta-análisis y el estudio de datos observados en granja (pesovivo estático, espesor de grasa dorsal, ingesta), se concluye que la plataformade fuerza tiene que ser considerada como un instrumento de diagnóstico de laalimentación de las cerdas y no como un instrumento predictivo de laproducción (incremento de peso de la camada durante la lactación) o de lareproducción (intervalo destete-detección de celo o bien cubrición fecundante).La estimación de peso vivo mediante la plataforma de fuerza está condicionadapor la aparición de valores "outliers" que podrían ser excluidos mediante dobleplataforma. Una vez realizado un correcto recorte de la señal relevante al pasode las cerdas sobre la plataforma, se puede estimar con suficiente precisión elpeso vivo (1,1 % RMSE).Analizando la señal sumada al paso de la cerda sobre la plataforma de fuerza ypara diferentes bandas de frecuencia (entorno, por debajo y por encima de lafrecuencia natural de la plataforma, 15 Hz), se valora mediante redesneuronales la existencia de información para cuantificar el grosor de grasadorsal o en todo caso poder discriminar entre cerdas magras y grasas. A partirde la metodología usada, no se puede concluir que exista información para lacuantificación de la grasa dorsal, sin embargo se puede llegar a discriminar,para frecuencias por encima de la natural (20-30 Hz), las cerdas más magras(espesor de grasa dorsal por debajo de 19 mm) del resto.Del tratamiento de la señal de las células de carga por separado, se valora laposición del centro de gravedad del animal y se interpreta su trayectoria encada momento. De las variables extraídas de la comparación entre trayectoria yposición del centro de gravedad, se pueden llegar agrupar ("clustering) lascerdas según la calidad de la marcha. / Simple force platforms (rigid platform 1,5*3,0 m length on four load cells) areconsidered in farm to estimate life weight and to value body condition (backfaton life weight) and locomotion (gait analysis) of productive sows.By means of meta-analysis and observation in farm (static life weight, backfat,daily intake), force platform has to be considered as a diagnostic tool of sowfeeding rather than a predictive one for production (litter weight gain duringlactation) or reproduction (weaning-breeding interval)."Outliers" in life weight estimation by means of sow passing on force platformcould be excluded by doubling platform. Life weight is rightly estimated (1,1%RMSE) since a correct extraction of the valuable part of the signal.Otherwise, sow backfat is pretended to be estimated and discriminated byanalyzing signal at diferent frequency band of platform vibration ( close to,below to and above to the platform natural frequency, 15 Hz). For that purpose,artifitial neural networks are used. No significant results have been observedabout backfat estimation, but discrimination could be done on lean sows(backfat under 19 mm) respect to others using frequency band above naturalone (20-30 Hz).Finally, treating load cell signal separetaly, sow center of gravity position couldbe estimated and its trajectory interpreted each time. Thus, comparing centerof gravity position and trajectory, variables could be extracted to evaluatingsow gait on the platform. Four clusters on gait quality have been obtained.