Submitted by PEDRO GUILHERME SILVA PESCI null (peg_pesci@hotmail.com) on 2017-11-30T13:40:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Versão Final.pdf: 56735184 bytes, checksum: 4e1d7d9c3a8db1009fa3e028174b3593 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Pamella Benevides Gonçalves null (pamella@feg.unesp.br) on 2017-11-30T17:38:21Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 pesci_pgs_me_guara.pdf: 56735184 bytes, checksum: 4e1d7d9c3a8db1009fa3e028174b3593 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-30T17:38:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 pesci_pgs_me_guara.pdf: 56735184 bytes, checksum: 4e1d7d9c3a8db1009fa3e028174b3593 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-11-24 / Materiais utilizados em componentes de veículos espaciais, como em tubeiras ou superfícies expostas à reentrada atmosférica, são sujeitos a ambientes termicamente agressivos. Este trabalho apresenta estudos envolvendo o desempenho de materiais compósitos utilizados em sistemas de proteção térmica, a partir da exposição a jatos de plasma, onde os fluxos de calor são comparáveis aos da reentrada atmosférica de componentes de veículos espaciais. Amostras de compósitos ablativos de carbono/fenólica foram ensaiadas no túnel de plasma do Laboratório de Plasmas e Processos do ITA (Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica), por meio de uma tocha de plasma alimentada por uma fonte de energia elétrica de corrente contínua de 50kW. Os parâmetros de operação do túnel de plasma foram otimizados para reproduzirem as condições próximas do ponto crítico de reentrada das cargas úteis dos veículos espaciais desenvolvidos pelo IAE (Instituto de Aeronáutica e Espaço). As amostras em estudo foram desenvolvidas e fabricadas no Brasil, a partir de materiais de especial interesse do IAE. Para comparação, foi também ensaiado outro material com propriedades já bem estabelecidas como o teflon, sob as mesmas condições ablativas. Foram determinadas as perdas de massa e as taxas de perda de massa específicas das amostras, as temperaturas radiométricas superficiais e termométricas internas, em função do tempo de exposição ao fluxo térmico. Foi realizada também a avaliação da evolução das interfaces por comparação entre simulação e a amostra após o ensaio. Os resultados obtidos permitiram estimar as propriedades do comportamento ablativo dos materiais testados e validar o modelo teórico usado na simulação computacional para sua utilização em geometrias próximas às dos sistemas de proteção térmica utilizadas no setor aeroespacial / Materials used in space vehicles components, such as nozzles or surfaces exposed to atmospheric reentry, are subjected to thermally aggressive environments. This work presents studies involving the performance of composite materials used in thermal protection systems, through the exposure to plasma jets, where the heat fluxes are comparable to atmospheric reentry of space vehicle components. Samples of ablative carbon/phenolic composites were tested in the plasma tunnel of ITA’s (Aeronautics Institute of Technology) Plasma and Process Laboratory, by a plasma torch with a 50kW DC power source. The plasma tunnel operating parameters were optimized to reproduce the conditions close to the critical re-entry point of the space vehicles payloads developed by the IAE (Aeronautics and Space Institute). The samples in study were developed and manufactured in Brazil, from materials of special interest to IAE. For comparison, another material with well established properties such as teflon was also tested under the same ablative conditions. The mass loss and the specific mass loss rates of the samples, the surface radiometric and internal thermometric temperatures, as a function of the exposure time to the thermal flow, were determined. The evolution of the interfaces was also performed by comparison between simulation and the sample after the test. The results allowed to estimate the properties of the ablative behavior of the materials tested and to validate the theoretical model used in the computational simulation for its use in geometries close to the thermal protection systems used in the aerospace sector

O esôfago de Barrett é o principal fator de risco para o adenocarcinoma e resulta da agressão crônica causada pelo refluxo gastroesofágico. A abordagem terapêutica é controversa, e o tratamento cirúrgico, na presença de neoplasia intraepitelial de alto grau, pode estar indicado. A abordagem endoscópica apresenta-se como a alternativa com menor morbimortalidade e resultados favoráveis. Método: Realizou-se revisão sistemática nas bases de informação científica, com seleção de artigos randomizados e controlados, possibilitando metaanálise e avaliação isolada dos resultados das terapias ablativas da metaplasia intestinal. Considerou-se como terapias ablativas a crioterapia, laser, terapia fotodinâmica, eletrocoagulação multipolar, ablação por plasma de argônio e radiofrequência. Resultados: A revisão sistemática da literatura através do PUBMED recuperou os estudos com maior força de evidência e grau de recomendação disponíveis referentes ao tratamento ablativo do esôfago de Barrett. Nenhuma outra base de dados pesquisada adicionou outros artigos. Os artigos selecionados são estudos randomizados e controlados, classificados como A ou B pela tabela de Oxford. A terapia fotodinâmica apresenta no estudo meta-analítico aumento do risco de falha terapêutica em relação à ablação por plasma de argônio, NNH = -7. Os efeitos colaterais considerados foram dor torácica e estenose, com aumento do risco de dor torácica quando a ablação é realizada por terapia fotodinâmica e números semelhantes de estenoses para as duas terapias. A ablação do esôfago de Barrett por eletrocoagulação multipolar ou plasma de argônio apresenta risco de falhas terapêuticas semelhantes, assim como do efeito colateral de dor torácica na meta-análise. A terapia fotodinâmica associada ao inibidor da bomba de prótons apresenta benefício, em meta-análise, para a ablação do esôfago de Barrett em relação ao uso isolado do inibidor, NNT = 2. Dor torácica, estenose e fotossensibilidade estão associadas à intervenção endoscópica e, desta forma, a terapia fotodinâmica está associada ao aumento do risco com NNH entre - 2 e -3. Não houve aumento do risco de falha terapêutica entre a ablação do esôfago de Barrett por plasma de argônio e inibidor da bomba de prótons versus uso isolado do inibidor da bomba de prótons, em estudo isolado. A radiofrequência associada ao inibidor da bomba de prótons apresenta-se como método eficaz na redução do risco de falha terapêutica, NNT = 1. Conclusões: Não há estudos que demonstrem benefício na indicação da crioterapia ou laser para a abordagem endoscópica do esôfago de Barrett. A ablação por plasma de argônio apresenta eficácia superior à terapia fotodinâmica e a ablação por plasma de argônio e eletrocoagulação multipolar apresentam resultados efetivos e semelhantes. A terapia fotodinâmica apresenta menor número de falhas terapêuticas em relação ao uso isolado do inibidor da bomba de prótons. Não há dados suficientes para demonstrar a eficácia da ablação por plasma de argônio em relação ao uso isolado do inibidor da bomba de prótons. A radiofrequência é a abordagem mais recente e requer estudos comparativos para sua indicação. Os tratamentos endoscópicos ablativos estão associados a um maior risco de eventos colaterais como dor torácica, estenose e fotossensibilidade em relação ao tratamento clínico isolado, embora tais eventos não sejam graves ou limitantes / Barrett´s esophagus is the main risk factor for adenocarcinoma and it results from the chronic aggression produced by gastroesophageal reflux. Its therapeutic approach is controversial and surgical treatment in the presence of high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia may be indicated. Endoscopic approach is an alternative with lower mortality and morbidity rates and favorable results. Methods: A systematic review of scientific databases was conducted and articles of randomized, controlled studies were selected, enabling meta-analysis and the isolated evaluation of the results concerning ablative therapies of intestinal metaplasia. Cryotherapy, laser therapy, photodynamic therapy, multipolar electrocoagulation, and ablation through argon plasma coagulation and radiofrequency were considered ablation therapies. Results: The systematic review through PUBMED retrieved results with higher strength of evidence and available recommendation level regarding the ablative therapy of Barrett´s esophagus. No other database in the research yielded additional articles. The selected articles are randomized, controlled studies classified as A or B according to the Oxford table. Photodynamic therapy was found to present an increase in treatment failure compared to argon plasma coagulation in the meta-analysis, NNH = -7. Chest pain and stenosis were considered side effects with higher risk of chest pain whenever ablation is conducted through photodynamic therapy and similar figures of stenoses for both therapies. Ablation of Barrett´s esophagus with multipolar electrocoagulation or argon plasma was found to have similar risk of treatment failure, as well as the side effect of chest pain in the meta-analysis. Photodynamic therapy associated with proton pump inhibitor is beneficial, in the meta-analysis, for the ablation of Barrett´s esophagus regarding the isolated use of the inhibitor, NNT = 2. Chest pain, stenoses and photosensitivity were found to be associated with the endoscopic intervention and, therefore, photodynamic therapy was found to be associated with higher risk with NNH ranging between -2 and -3. No increase of treatment failure risk between Barrett´s esophagus ablation with argon plasma and proton pump inhibitor versus the isolated use of proton pump inhibitor was verified, in isolated study. Radiofrequency associated with proton pump inhibitor is an efficient method to reduce the risk of treatment failure, NNT = 1. Conclusions: There are no studies demonstrating the benefit of indicating cryotherapy or laser therapy for the endoscopic approach of Barrett´s esophagus. Ablation with argon plasma coagulation was found to have superior efficacy compared to photodynamic therapy and the ablation through argon plasma coagulation and multipolar electrocoagulation was found to present effective and similar results. Photodynamic therapy was found to have lower occurrences of treatment failure compared to the isolated use of proton pump inhibitor. No sufficient data were found to demonstrate the efficacy of ablation with argon plasma compared to the isolated use of proton pump inhibitor. Radiofrequency is the most recent approach and requires comparative studies in order to be indicated. Ablative endoscopic therapies are associated with higher risk of side effects, for instance chest pain, stenoses and photosensitivity compared to clinical treatment alone, although such events are neither severe nor limiting

Thermal Protection System (TPS) is required to shield an atmospheric entry vehicle against the high surface heating environment experienced during hypersonic flight. There are significant uncertainties in the tools and models currently used for the prediction of entry aeroheating and TPS material thermal response. These uncertainties can be reduced using experimental data. Analysis of TPS ground and flight data has been traditionally performed in a direct fashion. Direct analyses center upon comparison of the computational model predictions to data. Qualitative conclusions about model validity may be drawn based on this comparison and a limited number of model parameters may be iteratively adjusted to obtain a better match between predictions and data. The goal of this thesis is to develop a more rigorous methodology for the estimation of surface heating and TPS material response using inverse estimation theory. Built on theoretical developments made in related fields, this methodology enables the estimation of uncertainties in both the aeroheating environment and material properties from experimental temperature data. Unlike direct methods, the methodology developed here is capable of estimating a large number of independent parameters simultaneously and reconstructing the time-dependent surface heating profile in an automated fashion. This methodology is applied to flight data obtained from thermocouples embedded in the Mars Pathfinder and Mars Science Laboratory entry vehicle heatshields.

High intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is an emerging non-invasive thermal ablative modality that can be utilised for the treatment of solid organ tumours, including liver cancer. Acoustic cavitation is a phenomenon that can occur during HIFU and its presence can enhance heating rates. One major limitation of thermal ablative techniques in general, such as radiofrequency and microwave ablation, is the heat sink effect imparted by large vasculature. Thermal advection from blood flow in vessels ≥ 3 - 4 mm in diameter has been shown to significantly reduce heating rates and peak temperatures in the target tissue, potentially leading to treatment failure. With regards to HIFU therapy, a clearer understanding is required of the effects of blood flow on heating, cavitation and thermal tissue necrosis, which is the treatment endpoint in clinical thermal ablation. Therefore, the overall aim of this thesis project was to elucidate the effects of blood flow on HIFU-induced heating, cavitation and histological assessment of thermal ablation. A unique isolated, perfused porcine liver model was used in order to provide a relevant test bed, with physiological and anatomical characteristics similar to the in vivo human liver. The normothermic liver perfusion device used in all studies presented in this work can keep an organ alive in a functional state ex vivo for in excess of 72 hours. A further advantage of the liver perfusion device was that it allowed blood flow to be stopped completely and resumed rapidly, allowing studies to be conducted under zero flow conditions. A therapeutic HIFU system was used in order to deliver HIFU therapy to regions of hepatic parenchyma adjacent (≤ 3 mm) to large (≥ 5 mm) blood vessels or away from vasculature (≥ 1 cm) at either 1.06 MHz or at 3.18 MHz. Cavitation events during HIFU therapy were spatio-temporally monitored using a previously developed passive acoustic mapping (PAM) technique. The cavitation threshold at each frequency was determined through assessment of acoustic emissions acquired through PAM during HIFU exposure at a range of acoustic pressures. Real time thermal data during HIFU therapy were obtained using an implantable 400 μm thermocouple, aligned with the HIFU focus, in order to assess the effect of large vessel blood flow on peak tissue temperatures. Thermal data were obtained at 1.06 MHz, in the presence of acoustic cavitation and at 3.18 MHz, in the absence of cavitation, both in the presence and complete absence of blood flow. Finally, histological assessment of cell viability and cell death was performed in order to determine whether any heat sink effect could be overcome, with the achievement of complete tissue necrosis in treatment regions directly adjacent to large vasculature. This work demonstrated for the first time that in perfused, functional liver tissue, the presence of large vasculature and physiological blood flow does not significantly affect ablative HIFU therapy, both in terms of peak focal tissue temperatures attained and histological evidence of complete tissue necrosis. Therefore, HIFU may be superior to other ablative modalities in treating tumours in tissue regions adjacent to major vascular structures, but further work needs to be performed to correlate the experimental findings with clinical outcomes.

Orientador: Vania dos Santos Nunes Nogueira / Abstract: Although being controversial, some services use Whole Body Imaging (WBI) with 131I prior to the ablative dose with this radiopharmaceutical in the treatment of differentiated thyroid cancers (DTC). Proponents of this approach argue for a better optimization of the ablative dose, and opponents argue that this WBI could lead to the "stunning effect" characterized by reduced tissue uptake of 131I in ablative dose treatment, thereby compromising treatment and prognosis of these individuals. Objective: To evaluate whether WBI with 131I, ablative pre-dose, interferes with the efficacy of the therapeutic dose of iodine as remission of the disease after total or near total thyroidectomy in individuals with DTC. Methodology: A systematic review of the literature was conducted in which randomized, non-randomized and observational studies were included in which the patients were in the late postoperative period of total or subtotal thyroidectomy due to one of the DCT and were assigned the diagnostic WBI with I131 before the ablative dose (intervention) or they performed WBI with 123I before the ablative dose, or non-performance of the diagnostic WBI (directly ablative dose with 131I) (control). The primary outcome was disease remission assessed by the ablative success rate at least six months after follow-up. Results: After performing the searches in the following electronic databases Embase (1980-25/04/2017), Pubmed (1966-25/04/2017), CENTRAL (Cochrane Controlled Trials Register) (04/2... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Resumo: Apesar de existirem controvérsias, alguns serviços utilizam a pesquisa de corpo inteiro (PCI) com 131I previamente a dose terapêutica com esse radionuclídeo no tratamento dos cânceres diferenciados da tiroide (CDT). Os defensores dessa conduta argumentam uma melhor otimização da dose ablativa, e os contrários afirmam que essa PCI poderia ocasionar o “efeito stunning”, caracterizado pela redução da captação tecidual do 131I no tratamento com a dose ablativa, comprometendo com isso o tratamento e o prognóstico desses indivíduos. Objetivo: avaliar se a PCI com 131I, pré-dose ablativa, interfere na eficácia da dose terapêutica de iodo quanto a remissão da doença após a tireoidectomia total ou quase total em indivíduos com CDT. Metodologia: foi realizada uma revisão sistemática da literatura na qual foram incluídos estudos controlados randomizados, não randomizados e observacionais, nos quais os pacientes estavam em pós-operatório de tireoidectomia total ou subtotal devido um dos CDT, e foram alocados a um dos dois grupos: PCI diagnóstica com 131I realizada antes da dose terapêutica com I131(intervenção), ou a PCI realizada com 123I antes da dose ablativa, ou não realização da PCI diagnóstica antes da dose terapêutica (ambos controle). O desfecho principal foi a remissão da doença avaliada pela taxa de sucesso ablativo em pelo menos seis meses de seguimento. Resultados: depois de realizadas as pesquisas nas bases eletrônicas Embase (1980–25/04/2017), Pubmed (1966–25/04/2017), CENT... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Mestre

Die Narbenbildung des Hautorgans stellt für die gegenwärtige Medizin weiterhin eine schwierige Aufgabe dar. Die frühzeitige Beeinflussung des Wundheilungspro- zesses hin zu einer verminderten oder narbenlosen Heilung scheint von entschei- dender Bedeutung. Ein vielversprechender Ansatz ist die präoperative Laserthe- rapie und dadurch erzeugte Hitzeschockantwort. Auf molekulare Ebene kommt es u.a. zur Expression von Hitzeschockproteine. Die vorliegende in-vitro Studie beschäftigte sich mit der laserinduzierten Hochregulation des Hitzeschockproteins 70 in den epidermalen Schichten. Hierfür wurden drei nicht ablative Lasersysteme mit insgesamt 12 verschiedenen Parametereinstellungen verwendet (1.540-nm Er:Glass- , 755-nm Alexandrit-, 1.064-nm Nd:YAG-Laser). Mithilfe eines humanen Hautexplantatmodells sollte unter gleichbleibenden Bedingungen Zeitpunkt und Konzentration der maximal induzierten Hsp70-Expression sowie epidermale Schä- digungen dargestellt werden. In der verfügbaren Literatur waren hierzu nur begrenzt Daten vorhanden. Alle drei Lasersysteme zeigten signifikante Hsp70-Expressionen. Der Zeitpunkt der maximalen Hsp70-Expression konnte zwischen Tag 1 und 3 festgehalten werden. Dabei zeigten die Lasersysteme unterschiedliche Hsp70- Maxima und unterschiedliche Epidermisschädigungen. Die Ergebnisse ließen schlussfolgern, dass eine potenzielle präoperative Narbenprävention tendeziell ein Tag vor dem chirurgischen Eingriff und mit den stärkeren Parametereinstellungen des 1.064-nm Nd:YAG Lasers durchgeführt werden sollte.

Die Narbenbildung des Hautorgans stellt für die gegenwärtige Medizin weiterhin eine schwierige Aufgabe dar. Die frühzeitige Beeinflussung des Wundheilungspro- zesses hin zu einer verminderten oder narbenlosen Heilung scheint von entschei- dender Bedeutung. Ein vielversprechender Ansatz ist die präoperative Laserthe- rapie und dadurch erzeugte Hitzeschockantwort. Auf molekulare Ebene kommt es u.a. zur Expression von Hitzeschockproteine. Die vorliegende in-vitro Studie beschäftigte sich mit der laserinduzierten Hochregulation des Hitzeschockproteins 70 in den epidermalen Schichten. Hierfür wurden drei nicht ablative Lasersysteme mit insgesamt 12 verschiedenen Parametereinstellungen verwendet (1.540-nm Er:Glass- , 755-nm Alexandrit-, 1.064-nm Nd:YAG-Laser). Mithilfe eines humanen Hautexplantatmodells sollte unter gleichbleibenden Bedingungen Zeitpunkt und Konzentration der maximal induzierten Hsp70-Expression sowie epidermale Schä- digungen dargestellt werden. In der verfügbaren Literatur waren hierzu nur begrenzt Daten vorhanden. Alle drei Lasersysteme zeigten signifikante Hsp70-Expressionen. Der Zeitpunkt der maximalen Hsp70-Expression konnte zwischen Tag 1 und 3 festgehalten werden. Dabei zeigten die Lasersysteme unterschiedliche Hsp70- Maxima und unterschiedliche Epidermisschädigungen. Die Ergebnisse ließen schlussfolgern, dass eine potenzielle präoperative Narbenprävention tendeziell ein Tag vor dem chirurgischen Eingriff und mit den stärkeren Parametereinstellungen des 1.064-nm Nd:YAG Lasers durchgeführt werden sollte.

Les néoplasies pulmonaires demeurent la première cause de décès par cancer au Québec représentant près de 6000 décès par année. Au cours des dernières années, la radiothérapie stéréotaxique d’ablation (SABR) s’est imposée comme un traitement alternatif à la résection anatomique pour les patients inopérables atteints d’un cancer pulmonaire non à petites cellules de stade précoce. Il s’agit d’une modalité de traitement qui permet d’administrer des doses élevées, typiquement 30-60 Gy en 1-8 fractions, dans le but de cibler précisément le volume de traitement tout en épargnant les tissus sains. Le Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal s’est muni en 2009 d’un appareil de SABR de fine pointe, le CyberKnife™ (CK), un accélérateur linéaire produisant un faisceau de photons de 6 MV dirigé par un bras robotisé, permettant d’administrer des traitements non-coplanaires avec une précision infra-millimétrique. Ce mémoire est dédié à la caractérisation de certains enjeux cliniques et physiques associés au traitement par CK. Il s’articule autour de deux articles scientifiques revus par les pairs. D’une part, une étude prospective clinique présentant les avantages de la SABR pulmonaire, une technique qui offre un excellent contrôle tumoral à long terme et aide au maintien de la qualité de vie et de la fonction pulmonaire. D’autre part, une étude de physique médicale illustrant les limites de l’acquisition d’images tomodensitométriques en auto-rétention respiratoire lors de la planification de traitement par CK. / Lung neoplasia remains the leading cause of cancer death accounting for nearly 6,000 deaths per year in Quebec. In recent years, stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) has emerged as an alternative treatment to anatomical resection for inoperable patients suffering from early stage non-small cell lung cancer. This technique can deliver highly focused doses such as 30-60 Gy in 1-8 fractions in order to target precisely the treatment volume while sparing healthy tissue. In 2009, the Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal acquired a robotic SABR apparatus, the CyberKnife™ (CK), a linear accelerator mounted on a moving arm producing non-coplanar photon beams of 6 MV with millimetric precision. This thesis presents two scientific peer reviewed articles adressing some clinical and physical challenges with CK. On one hand, a clinical prospective study reporting the advantages of lung SABR, a technic that offers excellent long-term tumor control and helps maintain the quality of life and lung function. On the other hand, a medical physics study exposing the limits of computed tomography scan acquisition in breath-holding for CK treatment planning.

Abstract My thesis discusses the semantic and syntactic properties of Finnish verbless expressions of events in the light of two examples, the SOURCE construction (e.g. Oikeusasiamieheltä huomautus lit. ‘From the ombudsman a complaint’) and the GOAL construction (e.g. Pakistanille rangaistus lit. ‘For Pakistan a punishment’). I show that they express dynamic events in a way comparable to finite constructions. However, they are not elliptic structures but genuinely verbless constructions. The study is founded on Cognitive Construction Grammar and frame semantics, and the analysis is based on two types of data and two methods. First, I collected three sets of 500 newspaper headlines mostly from the Finnish Language Bank (the SOURCE construction, the GOAL construction, and several different verbless constructions), and analyzed them intuitively. Second, I collected paraphrases of 15 instances of the SOURCE construction and 20 instances of the GOAL construction in order to obtain information on how other native speakers of Finnish construe the data which I analyzed intuitively by myself. As a result of this experimental semantic test, I had 169–215 paraphrases per instance of the SOURCE construction and 133–165 paraphrases per instance of the GOAL construction. I then analyzed these paraphrases both semantically and syntactically. The thesis comprises four articles. In the article A case in search of an independent life: The semantics of the initial allative in a Finnish verbless construction, I show that the GOAL construction is polysemous and define eight senses for it. With the help of the established senses, I also justify analyzing the construction as an independent argument structure construction and not as an elliptic structure. The article Elävä LÄHDE: Alkuasemaisen ablatiivin merkitystyypit verbittömässä konstruktiossa is a similar treatment of the SOURCE construction for which I define four senses. In the article Mihin verbittömien konstruktioiden merkitystyypit perustuvat? Skemaattiset ja polyseemiset tapahtumanilmaukset, I connect the previous results explicitly with my theoretical framework. I provide an explanation for these constructions’ polysemy and mechanisms of expressing events. Usually, both of these properties of argument structure constructions are associated with verbs. In the joint article Semantic roles and verbless constructions: A Finnish challenge for verb-centered approaches written with Seppo Kittilä, the discussion is extended to cover also other Finnish verbless constructions. The article provides a more theoretical perspective on the topic: we link the dynamic meanings of the constructions to the concept of semantic roles and argue for the view that the concept should be divided into the concepts of argument roles and participant roles. / Tiivistelmä Käsittelen tutkimuksessani suomen kielen verbittömien tapahtumanilmausten semanttisia ja syntaktisia ominaisuuksia kahden esimerkkitapauksen avulla: LÄHDE-konstruktion (esim. Oikeusasiamieheltä huomautus) ja KOHDE-konstruktion (esim. Pakistanille rangaistus). Osoitan, että ne ilmaisevat dynaamisia tapahtumia siinä missä verbilliset konstruktiotkin mutta eivät kuitenkaan ole elliptisiä rakenteita vaan aidosti verbittömiä. Tutkimukseni rakentuu kognitiivisen konstruktiokieliopin ja kehyssemantiikan sekä kahdenlaisen aineiston ja menetelmän varaan. Ensinnäkin koostin pääasiassa Kielipankin osakokoelmista mutta osin myös muista lähteistä kolme 500 otsikon kokoista toteutuma-aineistoa (LÄHDE-konstruktio, KOHDE-konstruktio ja useat erilaiset verbittömät konstruktiot). Niiden analyysi perustuu intuitiiviseen semanttiseen luokitteluun. LÄHDE- ja KOHDE-konstruktiosta käytössäni olivat lisäksi kokeellisen semantiikan tuottamat parafraasiaineistot: selvitin, miten koehenkilöt tulkitsevat 15 LÄHDE-konstruktion ja 20 KOHDE-konstruktion intuitiivisesti analysoimaani toteutumaa. LÄHDE-konstruktion testi tuotti 169–215 parafraasia otsikkoa kohden, KOHDE-konstruktion 133–165. Analysoin ne sekä semanttisesti että syntaktisesti. Tutkimukseni koostuu neljästä artikkelista. Artikkelissa A case in search of an independent life. The semantics of the initial allative in a Finnish verbless construction esitän, että KOHDE-konstruktio on polyseeminen. Määrittelen sille kahdeksan merkitystyyppiä, joiden avulla myös perustelen, miksi kyseessä on itsenäinen argumenttirakennekonstruktio eikä elliptinen rakenne. Artikkelissa Elävä LÄHDE. Alkuasemaisen ablatiivin merkitystyypit verbittömässä konstruktiossa käsittelen vastaavasti LÄHDE-konstruktiota, jolle määrittelen neljä merkitystyyppiä. Artikkelissa Mihin verbittömien konstruktioiden merkitystyypit perustuvat? Skemaattiset ja polyseemiset tapahtumanilmaukset kytken tulokset selvemmin teoreettiseen viitekehykseeni. Selitän, miksi tarkastelemani konstruktiot ilmaisevat tapahtumia ja ovat polyseemisia, vaikka niissä ei ole verbiä, johon sekä tapahtuman ilmaiseminen että argumenttirakennekonstruktion polyseemisyys yleensä yhdistetään. Seppo Kittilän kanssa kirjoittamassani yhteisartikkelissa Semantic roles and verbless constructions. A Finnish challenge for verb-centered approaches laajennamme suomen verbittömien konstruktioiden tarkastelun LÄHDE- ja KOHDE-konstruktion ulkopuolelle ja yhä teoreettisemmalle tasolle. Liitämme verbittömien konstruktioiden tapahtumamerkitykset semanttisen roolin käsitteeseen sekä perustelemme, miksi se pitäisi jakaa argumentti- ja osallistujaroolin käsitteiksi.

Au VIème siècle après J.-Ch., les structures de la langue latine ne correspondent plus tout à fait aux normes de la langue classique, aussi bien du point de vue morphologique et sémantique que syntaxique. A travers l’étude comparative des constructions absolues entre un corpus d’auteurs classiques et un corpus d’auteurs tardifs, nous montrons l’émergence de nouvelles valeurs du participe, particulièrement le participe passé actif de verbes non déponents, en latin tardif, ou plus exactement une fréquence accrue de valeurs parfois attestées en latin classique et archaïque. / In the 6th century A.D., the structures of the Latin language no longer entirelycorrespond to the norms of Classical Latin, from a morphological and semantic perspective aswell as a syntactical one.By means of a comparative study of absolute constructions in a corpus of classicalauthors and a corpus of later authors, we show the emergence of new participle values, inparticular the active passive participle of non-deponent verbs in Late Latin, or more precisely,a greater frequency of values sometimes attested in Classical and Archaic Latin.