Thesis (M.A.)--Indiana University, 2009. / Title from screen (viewed on August 26, 2009). Department of History, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI). Advisor(s): John R. McKivigan. Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 141-147).

Orientador: Lúcia Helena Oliveira Silva / Banca: Tânia Regina de Luca / Banca: Regina Célia Alegro / Resumo: A experiência escravocrata brasileira influenciou a formação da sociedade brasileira, sendo os afro-descendentes a parcela mais afetada pela instituição escravista. O presente trabalho propõe uma reflexão acerca das representações possíveis, presentes em manuais didáticos, com relação a um tema fundamental quando se pensa em valorização da historiografia do negro brasileiro: o período pós-abolição. Apesar da escolha de um período, pretende-se não perder a perspectiva de outros temas fundamentais dessa historiografia, tais como o período da escravidão e das rebeliões escravas. A proposta se justifica por pelo menos dois motivos: 1) os livros didáticos são objetos de ampla inserção na sociedade brasileira contemporânea, e seu conteúdo tem sido amplamente criticado, a partir da abertura política do país; além disso, é inegável que o conteúdo do livro didático molda a noção de História dos cidadãos de uma sociedade; 2) os movimentos negros têm reivindicado a inserção e/ou renovação dos conteúdos que possam constituir identidades positivas, e um resultado parcial seria a aprovação da Lei 10.639/03. Ao longo da pesquisa, tentar-se-á evidenciar, também, a crescente importância econômica e pedagógica que tem circundado os materiais didáticos brasileiros, considerados o principal produto mercadológico das empresas editorias, que possuem como maior comprador de seus produtos o governo brasileiro. Metodologicamente, optou-se pela análise de conteúdo, pautado nas discussões de Eni Pulcinelli Orlandi, e pelo conceito de representação de Roger Chartier; acredita-se que esses dois referenciais teóricos possam tornar visíveis as possíveis apreensões dos leitores de livros didáticos a respeito de um período historiográfico fundamental para o segmento negro da sociedade brasileira / Abstract: The brasilian experience slavocrat influenced the formation of brazilian society, being the afro-descending ones the most affected portion for the slavery institution. The present work proposes a reflection concerning the present possible representations in didactic manuals regarding a important theme when we thinks in valorization of the Brazilian black's historiography, the period powder-abolition. In spite of the choice of a period, it intends not to lose the perspective of other fundamental themes of that historiography, such as the period of the slavery and of the slave rebellions. The proposal is justified for at least two reasons: 1) the text books are objects of wide insert in the contemporary Brazilian society and content has been criticized thoroughly, starting from the political opening of the country, besides, it is undeniable that the content of the text book molds the notion of the citizens' of a society History; 2) the black movements have been demanding the insert and/or renewal of the contents that they can constitute positive identities, a partial result would be the approval of the Law 10.639/03. Along the research, we will try to evidence also, to growing economical and pedagogic importance that it has been surrounding the Brazilian didactic materials considered the largest product of market of the companies editorials, that possess as larger buyer of their products the Brazilian government. For methodology chose analysis of the contents, ruled in the discussions of Eni Pulcinelli Orlandi; and for the concept of representation of Roger Chartier; we believed that those two theoretical references can turn visible which are the readers' of text books possible apprehensions concerning about a fundamental historical period for the black segment of brazilian society / Mestre

This thesis examines the history of legal and illegal narcotics in the United States. This thesis explores the impact criminalizing drug use has on communities of color. The current criminal justice system seeks to correct behavior society and the law deems deviant but has not proven to be effective as shown by rates of recidivism. The present research uses a literature review to investigate how alternative dispute resolution practices and prison abolition meet the needs of the criminal justice system. The purpose of this thesis is to examine two proposed reforms: one that would abolish prison sentences except in cases where offenders pose a high risk to public safety, and another that would employ conflict resolution techniques to serve the retributive, and rehabilitative purposes of the criminal sanction. This thesis will suggest that these proposed reforms, if undertaken concurrently, will likely shrink the US prison population while advancing penal goals.

[pt] A Lei da abolição da escravidão, assinada em 13 de maio de 1888 na Corte, foi o início de uma série de festejos públicos que se estenderam daquela data até o dia 21 de maio. Entre celebrações espontâneas feitas por aqueles que ocuparam o Largo do Paço e outros pontos da cidade e os festejos organizados pela imprensa fluminense, a liberdade foi celebrada por variados sujeitos: literatos, jornalistas, funcionários públicos, trabalhadores do comércio, tipógrafos e ex-escravos, todos misturados sob o manto de uma mesma festa. Diante dessa diversidade de festeiros da abolição, essa tese busca na festa do 13 de maio o processo de disputa em torno de seus sentidos e significados. Ao mesmo tempo, acompanha, entre os anos de 1888 e 1908, o processo de reelaboração das memórias ligadas à festa - de modo a tentar compreender tanto a força simbólica do evento para muitos de seus participantes quanto os caminhos que levaram ao seu esvaziamento nos anos seguintes. / [en] The abolition of slavery signed in the Court on May 13th, 1888 was the beginning of a series of public celebrations ended only on May 21st, 1888. Among spontaneous celebrations of people who occupied the Palace Square (Largo do Paço) and other places in the city and the celebrations organized by the local press, the freedom was celebrated by several characters: literates, journalists, public employees, commerce workers, typographers and ex-slaves, all together under the cause of the same celebration. Considering such diversity of people celebrating the abolition, the present work aims to search in the May 13th celebration the dispute process of its senses and meanings. In addition, this work simultaneously tracks the period from 1888 to 1908 to identify the re-elaboration process of the memories related to the abolition celebration in order to try to understand the symbolic force of the event for many of its participants and also the ways that led to its lack of meaning the subsequent years.

This paper looks at three significant instances of the representation of abolitionist martyrdom in nineteenth-century America to first sketch the abolitionist discourse and its varied conceptualizations of martyrdom and second question the rationale and success of this strategy for manumitting slaves. Accordingly, I start with Brown, who (with help from sympathetic northerners and the megaphone of the Associated Press) appealed to the martyrological tradition in order to transform his paramilitary failure at Harper’s Ferry into a powerful symbol of his own abolitionist righteousness over and against the state’s iniquity. Though the superficial differences between Brown and arch-sentimentalist Harriet Beecher Stowe have discouraged their comparison, a look at the logic of martyrdom reveals a similar strategy at work in both Brown’s martyrization and Uncle Tom’s Cabin, which makes death an argument for the manumission of slaves. I argue that this hugely successful novel reveals the potency of martyrological thinking in 19th-century America as it also reveals martyrdom and its logic to be the foundation of sentimentalism like Stowe’s. Finally, I look at the speeches and nonfiction of Frederick Douglass to argue that his own martyrization of John Brown is different than what we see in Brown and Stowe because it provokes change rather than validating abolitionism that already exists. To various degrees, these writers seem aware that there may be a problem in the rhetorical use of martyrdom against the putatively secular state; they consequently employ different strategies for negotiating the meaninglessness of suffering and death with the soteriological and eschatological assumptions of their day. These negotiations reveal the extent to which martyrdom could be taken seriously as a hammer of abolitionism by different authors and thus also indicate the degree to which martyrdom can be taken seriously as a political solution whatsoever. Ultimately, I want to argue that martyrdom and its logic are at best dubious when applied to secular politics precisely because it relies upon the analogy to Jesus Christ as savior, which cannot hold outside Christianity. Simply put, the death of a mortal cannot register eschatologically and, more importantly, death does not make a cogent argument for anything. Instead, martyrdom is preaching to the choir par excellance; whether the choir is Christian, abolitionist, or something else, martyrological appeals do not grow its membership, as martyrologists since early modernity have assumed.

Esta tese investiga as experiências de sociabilidade negra na região fronteiriça Brasil – Uruguai no pós-abolição. Tem como objeto central os clubes negros criados entre as décadas de 10 e 40 do século XX, cujas expressões estão nas seguintes cidades e respectivos clubes: Jaguarão ‒ Club 24 de Agosto (1918 – até hoje); Pelotas ‒ Fica AhíPrá Ir Dizendo (1921 - até hoje); Bagé ‒ Os Zíngaros (1936 - até hoje); Palmeira (1948– ?); Melo ‒ Centro Uruguay (1923 – atéhoje).O propósito do trabalho é mapear o processo de racialização vivenciado na fronteira no pós-abolição. O recorte cronológico remonta ao surgimento dos clubes negros no Uruguai e no Rio Grande do Sul/Brasil, em 1872, e avança até a década de 1960. As fontes utilizadas foram, basicamente, imprensa negra, escritas de vivências, depoimentos orais de antigos e antigas associadas e fotografias e aquelas produzidas no âmbito dos clubes. / This thesis investigates the black sociability experiences in the border region Brazil - Uruguay in the post-abolition.Its central purpose is the black clubs created between the decade of 10 and 40 of the twentieth century in the following cities and their respective clubs: Jaguarão–Club24 de Agosto(1918 - until today); Pelotas –FicaAhíPráIrDizendo (1921 - until today); Bagé – OsZíngaros (1936 - to this day), Palmeira (1948 -?); Melo - Centro Uruguay (1923- until today).The purpose of this work is to map the process of racialization experienced on the frontier in post-abolition.Chronologically, the study starts from the emergence of black clubs in Uruguay and Rio Grande do Sul/Brazil, in 1872, and advances until the 1960s.The historical sources used were basically black press, written experiences, oral testimonies of old and former associates and photographs, as well as those produced within the clubs.

abstract: Women who are incarcerated are viewed as having departed from the hegemonic standard of motherhood, and become questionable in their roles as mothers, and are often perceived as "bad" mothers. While the challenges of parenting behind bars has been widely researched, there is a paucity of research that centers the experiences and challenges of mothers post-incarceration or probation and a void in the literature that attempts to view this population outside of the confines of the good/bad mother dichotomy. This dissertation explores how mothers who are formerly incarcerated or convicted describe their experiences navigating and negotiating their roles not as good or bad mothers but as fierce mothers. The concept of fierce mother exists outside of the good/bad mother binary; it is based on themes that emerged from the stories women told during our conversations about the practice of mothering. The energy of hard-won survival is what they bring to their mother roles and for many it drives their activism around prison abolition issues. Their stories challenge the normative discourse on good/bad mothers, justice, rights, freedom and dignity. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Justice Studies 2015

Orientador: Luiz Carlos da Rocha / Banca: Deivis Perez Bião dos Santos / Banca: Sérgio Augusto Vizzaccaro Amaral / Resumo: Este trabalho tem como questão principal compreender a fomentação das propostas penalizantes e despenalizantes em nossa organização social. Sua área de investigação se destina aos saberes político-criminais que subsidiam tanto as práticas governativas de administração pública e disciplinarização dos corpos, a partir de processos de criminalização de atos e pessoas, quanto as propostas contemporâneas de abolição desses mecanismos. Para tanto, o presente estudo partiu do exame das técnicas de resolução de conflitos em circunstâncias distantes dos poderes característicos da justiça estatal. Respaldadas na forma do velho direito germânico, apreciamos as articulações políticas e administrativas das sociedades da Germânia Antiga à época queinexistiam uma justiça centralizada para solucionar acontecimentos danosos ou conflitantes em seu cotidiano. Em seguida, ao passar por elementos constitutivos do direito canônico, examinamos as ressonâncias das premissas de pecado e de culpa - advindas da moral escolástica - na constituição do conceito de crime como um evento infracional e penalizável. Adentramos, a seguir, na análise do complexo de processos sociais, políticos e econômicos que formalizaram o modelo de justiça criminal através da consolidação do Estado absolutista. A partir da institucionalização da ideia de crime, com atenção especial ao panorama político e econômico da época, ponderamos também as referências filosóficas que compunham o cenário de emergência de diversas teorias crimino-penais. Emergidas de um repertório de combate às monarquias administrativas, apresentamos as proposições da Escola Clássica da criminologia, concernente às formulações apontadas na obra "Dos delitos e das penas" (1764) de Cesare Beccaria. A seguir, ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This work has the main issue to understand the fomentation of the proposals penalizing or not existing in our social organization. His area of study is aimed at knowledge political-criminal that supports both the governance practices of public administration and disciplining of bodies, from processes of criminalization of acts and people, as the contemporary proposals for abolition of these mechanisms. Therefore, this study came from examining the practices of conflict resolution in circumstances remote from the power characteristic of the state justice. Backed in the form of the old Germanic law, we appreciate the joints and administrative policies of the former societies of Germany at the time that did not exist a centralized justice to resolve conflicting or harmful events in their daily lives. Then, while passing by the constituent elements of canon law, we examine the resonances of the premises of sin and guilt - stemming from the moral scholasticism - the constitution of the concept of crime as an event and penalizável infraction. We entered, then the analysis of complex processes of social, political and economic problems that have formalized the model of criminal justice from the consolidation of the absolutist state. From the institutionalization of the concept of crime, with special attention to political and economic landscape of the time, also ponder the philosophical references that formed the backdrop for the emergence of several theories criminals, criminal cases. Emerged in a repertoire to combat administrative monarchies, we present the Classical School of Criminology, concerning the formulations presented in the book "Of Crimes and punishment" ...(Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

This thesis interrogated the relationship between abolition and the evangelical revival in Britain through the life of John Newton. Newton, though not representative of every abolitionist, was a vital figure in the movement. His influence on Hannah More and William Wilberforce along with his contributions to the Parliamentary hearings made him a key aspect of its success. How he came to fulfill that role was a long and complex journey, both in terms of his religion and his understanding of slavery. He began his life under the spiritual direction of his pious, Dissenting mother, became an atheist by nineteen, and then an influential, evangelical minister in the Church of England in his later adulthood. In the midst of that journey, Newton was impressed, joined the crew of a slave ship, was himself enslaved, became a slave ship captain, and then, eventually, a fervent abolitionist. Though it was far from straightforward, Newton's evangelical Calvinistic theology seems to have driven him to ultimately condemn the slave trade. Understanding the relationship between Newton’s two conversions—to evangelical Christianity and abolitionism—gives modern readers’ insight into the intellectual roots of the abolitionist movement more broadly, the dynamics between Christianity and politics, as well as how individual moral choice can affect history.

Esta tese investiga as experiências de sociabilidade negra na região fronteiriça Brasil – Uruguai no pós-abolição. Tem como objeto central os clubes negros criados entre as décadas de 10 e 40 do século XX, cujas expressões estão nas seguintes cidades e respectivos clubes: Jaguarão ‒ Club 24 de Agosto (1918 – até hoje); Pelotas ‒ Fica AhíPrá Ir Dizendo (1921 - até hoje); Bagé ‒ Os Zíngaros (1936 - até hoje); Palmeira (1948– ?); Melo ‒ Centro Uruguay (1923 – atéhoje).O propósito do trabalho é mapear o processo de racialização vivenciado na fronteira no pós-abolição. O recorte cronológico remonta ao surgimento dos clubes negros no Uruguai e no Rio Grande do Sul/Brasil, em 1872, e avança até a década de 1960. As fontes utilizadas foram, basicamente, imprensa negra, escritas de vivências, depoimentos orais de antigos e antigas associadas e fotografias e aquelas produzidas no âmbito dos clubes. / This thesis investigates the black sociability experiences in the border region Brazil - Uruguay in the post-abolition.Its central purpose is the black clubs created between the decade of 10 and 40 of the twentieth century in the following cities and their respective clubs: Jaguarão–Club24 de Agosto(1918 - until today); Pelotas –FicaAhíPráIrDizendo (1921 - until today); Bagé – OsZíngaros (1936 - to this day), Palmeira (1948 -?); Melo - Centro Uruguay (1923- until today).The purpose of this work is to map the process of racialization experienced on the frontier in post-abolition.Chronologically, the study starts from the emergence of black clubs in Uruguay and Rio Grande do Sul/Brazil, in 1872, and advances until the 1960s.The historical sources used were basically black press, written experiences, oral testimonies of old and former associates and photographs, as well as those produced within the clubs.