The present study was linked to education and research line of Arts PPGE/UFSM and FAPEM research group: training, action and research in music education. It aimed to understand how the special educators, who teach in schools of basic education of Santa Maria, understand and use music in their teaching practices. The specific objectives are: (a) to investigate how the special educator includes music in his teaching practice and (b) to know the job type of music that is performed by the special educator. A qualitative research was carried out through interviews with fifteen special educator focused on schools of basic education of Santa Maria. The analysis of interviews came from two categories that comprise the speeches of special educators: understanding of music and acting with music in teaching. Being divided into two parts, the dissertation, at first, presents the special education, through the historic paths and musical education directed to people with disabilities. Secondly, the development of research is presented. At the end of this survey, it can be seen that the music is present in the practices of those special education teachers interviewed, in different shapes and intentions. / O presente estudo esteve vinculado à linha de pesquisa Educação e Artes do PPGE/UFSM e ao grupo de pesquisas FAPEM: Formação, Ação e Pesquisa em Educação Musical. Objetivou-se compreender como educadoras especiais, atuantes em escolas de Educação Básica de Santa Maria, entendem e utilizam a música em suas práticas de docência. Tomou-se por objetivos específicos (a) investigar como educadoras especiais compreendem a música em sua prática docente e (b) conhecer o tipo de trabalho de música que é realizado por educadoras especiais. A pesquisa realizada foi qualitativa através de entrevistas feitas com quinze educadoras especiais atuantes em escolas de Educação Básica da cidade de Santa Maria. A análise das entrevistas deu-se a partir de duas categorias que agrupam as falas das educadoras especiais que são: o entendimento de música e a atuação com música na docência. Estando dividida em duas partes, a dissertação, no primeiro momento, apresenta a educação especial, percorrendo os caminhos históricos e a educação musical voltada às pessoas com deficiências. No segundo momento, é apresentado o desenvolvimento da pesquisa. Ao finalizar esta pesquisa, pode-se constatar que a música está presente nas práticas docentes das educadoras especiais entrevistadas, de diferentes formas e com variadas intencionalidades.

Le virus de l'hépatite C (HCV) représente un problème de santé publique à l'échelle mondiale. Les thérapies actuelles ne permettent pas de guérir tous les patients infectés par le HCV et certains antiviraux ont des effets secondaires importants. Dans la première partie de ma thèse, nous avons identifié des combinaisons d'antiviraux à action directe (DAA) et d'inhibiteurs d'entrée caractérisés par un effet synergique dans la prévention et le traitement du HCV dans des modèles de culture cellulaire et les souris uPA-SCID avec un foie chimérique. Ceci représente une nouvelle stratégies de lutte contre l'infection par le HCV. Dans la seconde partie de ma thèse, nous avons démontré que le mode de transmission du HCV de cellule à cellule est la voie de transmission dominante dans les modèles de culture cellulaire. De plus, les virus résistant aux DAA se propagent efficacement grâce à la transmission de cellule à cellule. L'inhibition de la transmission de cellule à cellule en utilisant des inhibiteurs d'entrée est un moyen efficace pour empêcher l'émergence de virus résistant aux DAA et pour potentialiser l'efficacité antivirale des DAA pour éradiquer l'infection par le HCV. / Hepatitis C virus (HCV) poses a threat to global health with infecting about 170 million people. Current therapies cannot cure all the patients infected with HCV and have obvious side effects. In the first part of my thesis, we uncovered combinations of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) and entry inhibitors caracterized by a synergistic effect in prevention and treatment of HCV infection using HCV cell culture models and human liver chimeric uPA-SCID mice, thereby providing a new strategy to control HCV infection. In the second part of my thesis, we demonstrated that HCV cell-cell transmission is the dominant transmission route in cell culture models and that DAA-resistant HCV spread efficiently through cell-cell transmission to develop viral resistance. Blocking cell-cell transmission using entry inhibitors allows to prevent the emergence of DAA-resistant virus and potentiates the antiviral efficacy of DAAs to clear HCV infection. In summary, we provide novel strategies to enhance antiviral efficacy by combining entry inhibitors and DAAs and to prevent viral resistance by blocking viral cell-cell transmission.

La recherche se situe dans le champ de l’éducation pour la santé en périnatalité. Les sages-femmes en sont les acteurs privilégiés, notamment de la préparation à la naissance et à la parentalité (PNP) en période prénatale. Leur formation initiale se fait en alternance entre enseignements théoriques et stages. Elles assurent donc parfois une double mission : éducative auprès des femmes enceintes et formative auprès du stagiaire. Faisant l’hypothèse que les ancrages théoriques des pratiques éducatives et formatives des sages-femmes sont identiques, l’objectif de recherche est d’identifier ces ancrages en situation de PNP et d’encadrement d’un étudiant. La méthode de l’auto-confrontation simple et l’entretien de compréhension ont été utilisés. 14 sages-femmes volontaires ont participé à l’étude. Les données ont été traitées selon la méthode de l’analyse du contenu à partir d’une modélisation combinant des modèles d’éducation, d’apprentissage et de santé. Les principaux résultats valident l’hypothèse, avec cependant quelques exceptions. Les pratiques de transmission des recommandations et savoirs médicaux ou d’activité corporelle s’inscrivent majoritairement dans les combinatoires à la croisée des modèles béhavioristes, de l’éducation centrée sur l’instruction et de la santé biomédicale. Les modèles du développement du sujet ou de la santé biopsychosociale sont ponctuellement présents, alternant avec ceux qui sont prédominants. Les combinatoires basées sur le constructivisme et le modèle de santé du sujet autonome n’apparaissent qu’exceptionnellement. Les mêmes tendances sont retrouvées pour les modélisations éducation/apprentissage sous-jacentes aux pratiques formatives. / Our research lies in the field of perinatal health education in which midwives are key players, most notably for their roles in Childbirth and Parenting Education (CPE) during the prenatal period. Their initial training combines theoretical and vocational training immersion. They therefore are charged with fulfilling a dual mission: an educational one with pregnant women and a formative one with students. Based on the assumption that theoretical backgrounds of health education and of midwives’ training practices are identical, our objective is to identify and examine these models during the CPE and during the supervision of students. We resorted to the method of self-confrontation and to the method of the interview of understanding. To do so, we interviewed 14 volunteer midwives, who agreed to participate in the study, about their general skills. The data was collected and processed using the content analysis methodology based on a framework combining education, learning and health models.With a few exceptions, the main results largely validate our hypothesis: the practices of the transmission of medical knowledge and recommendations, as well as of physical activity, lie at the crossroads of the behaviorist models, of the education-centered instruction and of the biomedical health model. Models such as the development of the subject model and the bio psychosocial health model have been highlighted, along with other prevailing models. The combinatorial theories built upon constructivism and the health model of the autonomous subject have also been exposed, albeit very rarely. The same trends appear in the modeling of education/learning underlying training practices.

Les vascularites cryoglobulinémiques associées au virus de l'hépatite C (VC-VHC) sont caractérisées par une expansion clonale de lymphocytes B mémoires anergiques CD27+IgM+CD21-/low (Bm21-), un défaut quantitatif en lymphocytes T régulateurs (Tregs) et une polarisation Th1. Les antiviraux d'action directe sans interferon (DAAs) sont très efficaces chez les patients VC-VHC mais leur mécanisme d'action sur l'immunité cellulaire reste inconnu. Nous montrons que les DAAs normalisent la plupart des perturbations de l'homéostasie lymphocytaire B et T, en diminuant l'expansion des Bm21- et T folliculaires, et en augmentant les T régulateurs (Tregs). Nous avons étudié l'effet des Bm21- sur les sous-populations lymphocytaires T, et les réactivités de leur récepteur B. Nous montrons que les Bm21- stimulés par le CpG favorisent la sécrétion d'IFNγ par les T effecteurs et induisent leur prolifération. Inversement, les Bm21- stimulés par CpG diminuent la capacité proliférative des Tregs. Nous montrons la diversité intraclonale des IgM mutés des Bm21-, conduite par maturation d'affinité antigène dépendante. Les anticorps (Ac) des Bm21- ont une activité facteur rhumatoïde (FR) mais ne sont ni polyréactifs, ni autoréactifs contre les autoantigènes ubiquitaires. Les Ac des Bm21- ne présentent pas de réactivité croisée contre des antigènes viraux du VHC. Les Bm21- stimulés par CpG ont une signature transcriptomique révélant un phénotype non tolérogène. Ainsi, ces résultats suggèrent le rôle majeur des Bm21- dans le défaut tolérance des patients CV-VHC, à la fois par la stimulation CpG conduisant à une réactivation des Bm21- anergiques, et par l'expression clonale des IgM à activité FR. / Hepatitis C virus-associated cryoglobulinemia vasculitis (HCV-CV) is characterized by an abnormal clonal expansion of anergic CD27+IgM+CD21-/low memory B cell (Bm21-), a quantitative defect in regulatory T cells (Tregs) and Th1 profile. Interferon-free direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) proved to be very effective in patients with HCV-CV but their mechanisms of action and their effects on cellular immunity remain poorly defined. Our results indicate that DAAs effectively normalizes many of the disturbances in peripheral B- and T-lymphocyte homeostasis of HCV-CV patients, by reducting Bm21- and T follicular helper expansion and promoting Tregs. Then, we investigated the effects of Bm21- on T-cell subpopulations and study the reactivities of their B-cell receptors. We show that CpG-stimulated Bm21- promote the secretion of IFNγ by effector T cells and induce their proliferation. Conversely, stimulated Bm21- reduce the proliferative capacity of regulatory T cells. Bm21- B-cell expansions show intraclonal diversity of highly mutated IgM antibodies that were shape by an antigen-driven maturation process. Bm21- antibodies possess rheumatoid factor activity but are neither polyreactive nor recognize ubiquitous autoantigens. No crossreactivity of Bm21- antibodies against several HCV antigens was observed. We also identify a transcriptional signature in CpG-stimulated Bm21- revealing a phenotype sufficient to break the immune tolerance. Thus, these results strongly suggest a major role for Bm21- in defective tolerance of HCV-CV patients, both through CpG stimulation leading to reactivation of anergic Bm21-, and through the clonal expression of IgM antibodies with RF activity.

Résumé: Comparées aux classiques insulines humaines régulières (IHR), les insulines analogues ultrarapides (IAUR) ont été conçues pour mieux synchroniser le pic insulinémique avec l’absorption du repas. Le progrès a été démontré chez les patients diabétiques de type 1, mais le contrôle glycémique s’est peu ou pas amélioré chez les patients diabétiques de type 2 (DT2), qu’ils soient sous IAUR ou IHR. Or ces patients constituent 75 % des utilisateurs d’insuline. L’utilité des IAUR est donc toujours débattue. La dose (donc le volume) injectée et le flot sanguin dans le tissu adipeux sous-cutané (FSTA) sont les facteurs majeurs de l’absorption de l’insuline. Les patients DT2, résistants à l’insuline, s’injectent des doses importantes et leur FSTA est de 50 à 70 % plus faible que celui des sujets sains de poids normal (PN). Nous avons montré que l’absorption sous-cutanée des IAUR est diminuée chez les sujets obèses et DT2 (ODT2) par rapport aux sujets PN, que le volume injecté avait un effet délétère additionnel et que le FSTA peut être augmenté de façon pharmacologique avec un agent vasoactif (AV) chez des sujets résistants à l’insuline. Nous suggérons que l’ajout d’un AV à une IAUR va augmenter le FSTA au site d’injection et donc améliorer sa pharmacocinétique (PK) et sa pharmacodynamie (PD). Pour vérifier cette hypothèse, nous avons 1) évalué la réponse du FSTA à 4 AV chez des sujets PN, obèses non-diabétiques et ODT2; 2) évalué la PK/PD et la biodisponibilité de l’IAUR lispro ± AV chez des sujets ODT2; et 3) caractérisé l’expression des cibles des AV dans le tissu adipeux sous-cutané chez les sujets énumérés en 1). Les 4 AV ont augmenté le FSTA des sujets ODT2, mais moins que celui des autres sujets. L’occurrence de la raréfaction et/ou dysfonction microvasculaire chez les sujets ODT2 pourrait expliquer l’hyporéactivité vasculaire aux AV testés. Le plus actif des AV chez les sujets ODT2 a été ajouté à l’IAUR lispro pour améliorer sont absorption sc. Les PK/PD ont été améliorées seulement chez les sujets ODT2 avec une hémoglobine glycosylée A1c ≥ 8 %; c’est-à-dire 4 sujets sur 8. Chez ces derniers, l’absorption de 30 U + AV a été plus rapide de 14 et 71 min à 20 et 80 % de l’aire sous la courbe totale de la lispro plasmatique, respectivement. Chez les 4 autres sujets ODT2, l’absorption de la lispro semble s’être détériorée avec l’AV. Une interaction chimique a peut-être eu lieu entre l’AV et la lispro, ce qui aurait perturbé son absorption. Selon nos résultats, le niveau de contrôle du diabète, le volume d’injection et les caractéristiques chimiques de l’AV seraient des modulateurs de l’efficacité du concept IAUR + AV. Il nous faut maintenant déterminer l’impact de ces facteurs sur la capacité d’un AV à améliorer l’absorption sc de l’IAUR chez les sujets ODT2. / Abstract: Compared to classic regular human insulin (RHI), short-acting insulin analogues were designed to better synchronize plasma insulin increase to food absorption. Although improvements were noted in subjects with type 1 diabetes, slight to no improvement in glycemic control were observed in subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D) using SAIA instead of RHI. Nevertheless, they represent 75 % of all insulin users. Consequently, the relative useful-ness of SAIA in T2D patients is currently hotly debated. Injected volume and subcutaneous (sc) adipose tissue blood flow (ATBF) are two main factors involved in insulin absorption. In fact, T2D patients use large doses of insulin because of their resistance to insulin and have an ATBF 50 to 70 % lower than lean healthy subjects. We already showed that SAIA absorption is decreased in obese T2D (OT2D) subjects compared to normal weight healthy subjects and that volume has additional detrimental effects. We also showed that ATBF can be increased pharmacologically with vasoactive agents (VA) in healthy and insulin-resistant subjects. Then we suggest that in OT2D subjects, addition of VA to SAIA preparations will locally increase ATBF, improve insulin sc absorption (Pharmacokinetic - PK) and bioavailability, thus insulin hypoglycemic effect (Pharmacodynamic - PD). To test this hypothesis, we 1) assessed ATBF response of 4 selected VA within three experimental groups (normal weight, obese non-diabetic and OT2D subjects); 2) evaluated insulin PK/PD and bioavailability improvement in OT2D subjects after the addition of the best VA to SAIA lispro and 3) characterized expression of selected VA targets in sc adipose tissue biopsies, within equivalent experimental groups, and compared results with ATBF responses. All 4 VA were able to increase ATBF of OT2D subjects but in a less extend than other subjects. The occurrence of microvascular rarefaction and/or dysfunction in OT2D subjects can explain the hyporeactivity to tested VA. Nevertheless, one VA among others was shown more effective to increase ATBF in OT2D subjects and was then tested (mixed) with SAIA lispro. With the AV, PK/PD were improved only in OT2D subjects with A1c glycated hemoglobin ≥ 8 %; 4 subjects on 8. The sc absorption of 30 U + VA was faster by 14 and 71 min for respectively 20 and 80 % of the total area under the lispro plasmatic curve. But the sc absorption with VA appeared blunted with the other subjects. Maybe detrimental chemical interactions occurred between the VA and lispro, which could impede absorption. Our results suggest that diabetes control state, injection volume, and VA chemical characteristics influence the efficacy of our SAIA + VA concept. Further tests are needed to seize the impact of these factors on VA effectiveness in sc absorption improvement of SAIA in OT2D subjects.

À partir de notre expérience clinique auprès de personnes incarcérées, notre travail de recherche propose une modélisation théorique du concept de passage à l’acte dans son rapport à l’instance du Surmoi. Il s’agit ainsi de dégager les enjeux métapsychologiques du concept de Surmoi tels qu’ils se présentent dans la clinique des passages à l’acte, et plus spécifiquement dans le versant de l’acte criminel, en retraçant les conditions de son élaboration théorique. Si Freud pose les fondements essentiels à notre réflexion, les concepts kleiniens de Surmoi primitif et de position schizo-paranoïde nous seront bien plus précieux pour tenter de penser le retour de certains fonctionnements placés sous la domination d’un Surmoi particulièrement cruel et destructeur. Cet aspect repris par Lacan sous la forme impérative du Surmoi servira de base à nos propos. Si l’instance surmoïque est initialement repérée dans sa fonction de conscience morale en tant qu’instance légiférante, il est également question d’une double polarité plus paradoxale qui se fait l’envers de la Loi par une injonction féroce et cruelle de jouissance. Dans cette perspective, le passage à l’acte criminel se présente comme la réponse irrépressible à l’injonction d’un Surmoi fort aux actions sévères et virulentes. Ce travail insiste notamment sur l’acte criminel comme ultime recours. Un recours pour se dégager de la position d’objet de jouissance de l’Autre et la tentative de surgir ailleurs, comme sujet. / From our clinical experience with prison inmates, our research work proposes a theoretical paradigm of the concept of acting-out in relation with the superego instance. The purpose is thus to bring out the metapsychological stakes and issues of the superego concept as they appear in the clinical approach of the acting-out, and more specifically in relation with the criminal act, while tracing back the conditions of its theoretical elaboration. Even if the foundations that Freud laid is essential to our reflection, the kleinian concepts of primitive superego and of paranoid-schizoid position will be far more precious to us in this endeavour to reflect on the reappearance of certain modes of functioning which are under the supremacy of a particularly cruel and destructive superego. This aspect, which Lacan has reformulated with his view of an imperative superego, will provide the basis for our discourse. While the superego instance is first identified through its function of moral consciousness, as a legislating instance, there also exists a more paradoxical double polarity whereby the reverse side of the Law is expressed through a ferocious and cruel injunction to have enjoyment (“jouissance”). Within this perspective, the criminal acting-out appears like the irrepressible response to the injunction of a strong Superego pushing to commit harsh and virulent actions. This thesis notably insists on the criminal act seen as a last resort. A resort which aims at releasing oneself from the position where one has become the object of the Other's “jouissance”, while one tries, at the same time, to be a subject.

Orientador: Grácia Maria Navarro / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Artes / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T14:55:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Costa_DanielSantos_M.pdf: 16488446 bytes, checksum: 1c8379dbcd0464841316d500a8d233f2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Esta dissertação apresenta as encruzilhadas de um corpo em processo de criação, profanando possibilidades autorais para a produção de conhecimento nas artes da cena a partir de uma perspectiva dialógica a qual busca friccionar arte e vida. O corpo (em) processo, visto sob um prisma da autobiografia de um sujeito que fala de si, experimenta epistemologias locais advinda do universo da oralidade popular brasileira como tentativa de fuga dos processos centralizadores, além disso utiliza a autoetnografia como uma possibilidade metodológica para projetar seu ponto de vista sobre o mundo através das artes da cena. Nessa práxis, o corpo sensível percebe o mundo e dialoga com ele, destacando um peculiar modo de fazer-pensar a cena contemporânea neste entrelugar que é a encruzilhada, um espaço possível para o híbrido. De tal local, foi possível emergir um ponto de vista privilegiado no sentido da multiplicidade que o referido espaço provoca, seja na possibilidade do novo, do vir a ser, ou, mesmo, nas provocações e referenciais deste. A resultante experimental do processo em questão é apresentada na forma de uma dança-teatro brasileira a qual problematiza uma construção teórica a partir da prática. O diálogo revelou um sujeito/personagem singular que entrecruza, em seu cotidiano, devoções populares ¿ Umbandas e Folias de Reis, realidade e ficção, memória e presentificação, constituindo um personagem que apresenta comportamento cultural de "um brasileiro" dentre as tantas possibilidades de "ser brasileiro" que a pluralidade da cultura nacional promove. Elucida-se, então, a importância da instauração de processos de criação para a produção das especificidades que geram conhecimento nas artes da cena com levando em conta as possibilidades de descobrir caminhos próprios, singulares, além de questionar a inversão ou o descarte de hierarquias, problematizando suas essências e produzindo uma cena pautada na diferença, na desestabilização dos centros reguladores do pensamento dominante / Abstract: This master¿s thesis presents the crossroads of a body in a creation process, profaning authorial possibilities for the production of knowledge in the performing arts, from a dialogic perspective, which desires to friction art and life. The body (in) process, seen by the prism of an autobiographical individual that speaks of himself, experiences local epistemologies coming from the universe of Brazilian popular orality as an attempt to escape from centralizing processes. Moreover, he uses autoethnography as a methodological possibility to project his point of view about the world through the performing arts. On this praxis, the sensible body realizes the world and dialogues with it, highlighting a peculiar way of doing - and thinking over - the contemporary scene in this in-between place, the crossroads, a possible space for the hybrid. From such position, it was possible to emerge a privileged point of view in the sense of the multiplicity that the reported space provokes, either when it comes to the possibility of the new, of something that comes to become something else, or even when related to its provocations and references. The experimental process result under discussion is presented in the form of a Brazilian dance-theater, which will be capable of problematizing a theoretical construction through practice. The dialogue revealed a singular subject/character that intersects in their daily life, popular devotions - Umbanda and Folia de Reis, reality and fiction, memory and presentification, constituting a character presenting cultural aspects of a "Brazilian" among the many possibilities "be Brazilian" that the diversity of national culture promotes. Hence, it is elucidated the importance of establishing creation processes for the production of specificities that beget knowledge in the performing arts taking into account the possibilities of discovering personal, singular ways, besides questioning the inversion or the discard of hierarchies, problematizing their essences and producing a scene based on difference, on the destabilization of centers that regulate dominant thinking / Mestrado / Teatro, Dança e Performance / Mestra em Artes da Cena

This written portion of my thesis is aimed at documenting and synthesizing how I, as director, staged an adaptation of Henrik Ibsen’s Hedda Gabler through ongoing collaboration with a creative team comprised of dramaturges, designers, and actors. I walk the reader through my exploration of Ibsen’s life and work through travel to the International Ibsen Festival in Oslo, Norway, and describe how I endeavored to lead the production’s creative team by applying feminist theories in directing and embracing the possibility of failure as a means of discovery. I discuss the casting process and establishment of an all-women ensemble, explore the major themes I identified in the play, and reflect on how the creative team strove to subvert the societal expectation of a historical production rooted in realism through designs and artistic choices inspired by the western canon’s ongoing grasp on contemporary theater programming.

Tato práce se zabývá vytvořením simulačního modelu dvojčinného pneumatického pístu s mechanickou sestavou, včetně modelů snímačů, s následujícím odhadem parametrů a aproximací chování demonstračního zařízení. Dalším cílem je prezentace různých přístupů prediktivní údržby na datové sadě měřené na demonstračním zařízení. Na měřený datový soubor se aplikovaly signal-based techniky bez použití simulačního modelu a model-based metody, které vyžadují použití simulačního modelu. Výsledkem této práce je ověření možnosti monitorování stavu zařízení pomocí nainstalovaných senzorů a vyhodnocení efektivity senzorů z hlediska přesnosti a finančních nákladů.

Goal of this semestral thesis is to design power converter which is to be used for measurement. The converter consists of two forward converters in push-pull topology. The converter is to behave as a constant current source with maximum open-circuit voltage of 1000V. Maximum current is 5A. The current range is split into three sub-ranges, to meet the strict requirements on ripple current. The range of currents is 0-5A. The operating frequency of converter is 34KHz. The converter will be charged using two portable electric generators with output voltage 230V.