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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
121

Efeitos da desnutrição proteica na percepção de contraste e acuidade visual em humanos e em ratos / Not informed by the author

Caroline Dias da Costa Alencar 29 September 2014 (has links)
O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito da desnutrição proteica em humanos e em modelo animal por meio de medidas comportamentais e bioquímicas. Participaram desse estudo 60 crianças com idade de 7 a 10 anos, sendo 20 eutróficas (grupo controle, GC), 20 com desnutrição atual (grupo experimental atual, GEa) e 20 com desnutrição pregressa (grupo experimental pregresso, GEp). Esses três grupos foram replicados em modelo animal, sendo cada grupo composto por 6 ratos wistar. A acuidade visual (AV) e a sensibilidade ao contraste (SC) foram medidas por meio do método psicofísico em humanos (experimento I) e em ratos (experimento II). Para a medida comportamental com animais foi desenvolvido o Labirinto de Imagens. As análises bioquímicas foram realizadas por meio da técnica de imunohistoquímica e de morfometria da retina de 5 animais de cada grupo (experimento III). Os resultados dos testes comportamentais em humanos e em animais mostraram prejuízos no desempenho dos grupos desnutridos, principalmente no GEp, mesmo com recuperação nutricional. O Labirinto de Imagens se mostrou uma ferramenta útil para medida de parâmetros visuais em roedores. Entretanto, as análises histológicas não apresentaram diferenças significantes entre os grupos, o que provavelmente se deve ao nível de análise não ser capaz de medir componentes sinápticos, arborização dendrítica ou do sistema de neurotransmissão / Not informed by the author
122

The hearing abilities and middle ear functioning of the recreational scuba diver

Pieterse, Izabelle 11 September 2007 (has links)
Scuba diving as a recreational activity has increased in popularity over the past few years. It is believed that repeated exposure to the hyperbaric environment may have a long term effect on the auditory system. The research literature has given a lot of attention to acute injury but is very limited relating to the long term implications of scuba diving. Previous research studies did not perform a full audiometric test battery. A comprehensive audiological assessment is critical to determine in which part of the ear a pathology may occur during recreational diving. This study endeavoured to assess and describe the hearing abilities and middle ear functioning of the recreational scuba diver and investigate the possibility that diving, on a recreational level, may have an influence on the auditory system. In order to achieve the aims of this study, a descriptive, correlation research design was selected. The results of the current study indicate that scuba diving on a recreational level does not have a significant effect on the hearing and middle ear functioning of the individual, with the exclusion of static compliance. It appears that the inevitable compression and decompression that the middle ears are exposed to during scuba diving might have a more permanent effect on the elasticity of the tympanic membrane. Finally this study aims to increase the awareness of possible risks concerning the auditory system relating to scuba diving and in so doing, attribute to the prevention, diagnosing and intervention of diving related ear injuries. / Dissertation (M (Communication Pathology))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology / M (Communication Pathology) / unrestricted
123

Sensory Capabilities of Polypterus Senegalus in Aquatic and Terrestrial Environments

Znotinas, Katherine January 2018 (has links)
In the amphibious fish Polypterus senegalus, focussing on lateral line, vision and electrosensation, we investigated sensory abilities, their interactions, and changes in their effects on locomotor behaviour between aquatic and terrestrial environments. First, we blocked lateral line, vision, or both, and examined effects on locomotion in both environments. Both senses affected both types of locomotion. When fish could see but not feel, variation in several kinematic variables increased, suggesting that sensory integration may affect locomotor control. Next, we assessed response to optokinetic stimuli of varying size and speed. Temporal and spatial visual acuity were both low, as expected in a nocturnal ambush predator. Visual ability in air was much reduced. Finally, we attempted to record electrogenesis in Polypterus, but did not observe the electric discharges reported in a previous study. Future studies might examine changes in sensory function, interaction and importance in behaviour in Polypterus raised in a terrestrial environment.
124

Avaliação da visão funcional infantil em serviço oftalmológico universitário / Functional vision evaluation for children in university ophthalmological service

Zimmermann, Anita, 1959- 22 August 2018 (has links)
Orientadores: Keila Miriam Monteiro de Carvalho, Rodrigo Pessoa Cavalcanti Lira / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T10:04:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Zimmermann_Anita_D.pdf: 2614474 bytes, checksum: 1d6ddd4b27c92b25dfed8b28ff8b7940 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Objetivo: Avaliar a Visão Funcional de crianças de zero a 5 anos e 11 meses de idade, após diagnóstico oftalmológico de Baixa Visão, para identificar a necessidade de Estimulação Visual no grupo estudado do Serviço de Estimulação Visual/VSN/OFTALMOLOGIA/HC/FCM/UNICAMP. Materiais e Métodos: Trata-se de estudo transversal analítico, aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa, nº 1025/2010. Foi utilizado instrumento de Avaliação da Visão Funcional Infantil, organizado após estudos na literatura de autores nacionais e internacionais, na busca por avaliações da visão funcional que contemplassem a necessidade do serviço. Considerando-se as diferentes faixas etárias infantis propostas neste estudo, com n = 143, ponderou-se sobre a efetividade de algumas avaliações pesquisadas, organizando-se instrumento avaliatório, com tópicos, desenvolvidos de maneira a se obter respostas visuais eficientes para determinar condutas em Estimulação Visual. O Instrumento de Avaliação da Visão Funcional Infantil foi aplicado em grupo controle, com mesmo n (n=143) para sua validação. Resultados: As afecções oftalmológicas, responsáveis pelas deficiências visuais do grupo estudado foram: Retinopatia da Prematuridade, Afecções de Nervo Óptico, Deficiência Visual Cortical, Coriorretinite Macular Infecciosa, Malformações Oculares, Catarata Infantil, Degenerações Primárias da Retina, Glaucoma Congênito, Ceratopatias e Trauma Ocular ou Orbitário. A distribuição por idades foi determinada pela proximidade de respostas visuais esperadas para cada faixa etária deste estudo. Em relação ao Desenvolvimento Neuro Psico Motor (DNPM), 44 (30%) crianças apresentavam Bom desenvolvimento Neuro Psico Motor (BDNPM) e 99 (70%) Retardo no Desenvolvimento Neuro Psico Motor (RDNPM). No grupo controle, 2 crianças (1,4%) apresentaram RDNPM. Após aplicação do Instrumento de Avaliação da Visão Funcional Infantil, Parte 1 e Parte 2 (Teste com Cartões de Teller), das 143 crianças estudadas, 107, representando 74% do total, receberam indicação para Estimulação Visual. No grupo controle, independente do DNPM, nenhuma criança recebeu indicação para estimulação visual. Conclusão: O Instrumento de Avaliação da Visão Funcional Infantil, em sua composição com o teste com Cartões de Teller, foi eficiente para determinar condutas em estimulação visual / Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the Functional Vision in children between zero and 5 years and 11 months old, after ophthalmological diagnosis of Low Vision, in order to identify the necessity of Visual Stimulation in the studied group from the Visual Stimulation Service/VSN/OPHTHALMOLOGY/HC/FCM/UNICAMP. Materials and Methods: This is a transversal analytical study, approved by the Research Ethics Committee, nº 1025/2010. It was used an Instrument for Functional Vision Evaluation for Children, organized after studies in the literature of national and international authors, in the search for functional vision evaluations which addressed the need for the service. Considering the different infant ages proposed on this study, with n = 143, the effectiveness of some evaluations surveyed were pondered, resulting in the organization of an evaluation instrument, with topics, developed in order to obtain efficient visual answers to determine Visual Stimulation conducts. The Instrument for Functional Vision Evaluation was applied in the Control Group, with similar n (n=143) for its validation. Results: The ophthalmologic diseases, responsible for the visual deficiencies of the studied group were: Retinopathy of Prematurity, Optical Nerve Disorder, Cortical Visual Deficiency, Infectious Macular Chorioretinitis, Ocular Malformations, Child Cataract, Retinal Primary Degenerations, Congenital Glaucoma, Ceratopatias and Ocular or Orbital Trauma. The age distribution was determined by the proximity of visual responses expected for each group age on this study. Regarding to the Psycho Neuro Motor Development (PNMD), 44 (30%) of the children presented Good Psycho Neuro Motor Development (GPNMD) and 99 (70%) presented Retardation of Psycho Neuro Motor Development (RPNMD). After the application of the Instrument for Functional Vision Evaluation for Children, Part 1 and Part 2 (Test with Teller Cards), on the 143 evaluated children, 107, representing 74% of the total, received indication for Visual Stimulation. In the control group, independently from the PNMD, no children has received indication for visual stimulation. Conclusion: The Instrument for Functional Vision Evaluation for Children, in its composition with the Test with Teller Cards, was efficient to identify conducts in Visual Stimulation / Doutorado / Ciencias Biomedicas / Doutora em Ciências Médicas
125

Desempenho da leitura em pacientes com glaucoma e acuidade visual de 20/20 / Reading performance in glaucoma patients with 20-20 visual acuity

Guimarães, Aron Barbosa Caixeta, 1984- 26 August 2018 (has links)
Orientadores: Keila Miriam Monteiro de Carvalho, Vital Paulino Costa / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T23:17:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Guimaraes_AronBarbosaCaixeta_M.pdf: 3821530 bytes, checksum: ac0531c33178347f86a1927a76e2ce56 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: Investigar a influência dos defeitos do campo visual (CV) no desempenho de leitura de pacientes com glaucoma primário de ângulo aberto (GPAA) e 20/20 de acuidade visual. Métodos: Realizou-se um estudo transversal em 35 pacientes com GPAA e 35 controles pareados por idade, todos com 20/20 de acuidade visual em pelo menos um dos olhos. Os indivíduos foram submetidos à biomicroscopia com lâmpada de fenda, tonometria de aplanação, gonioscopia, exame do nervo óptico com uma lente de 78 dioptrias e perimetria computadorizada com Humphrey Field Analyzer (Sita Standard 24-2). A velocidade de leitura monocular foi avaliada usando-se a tabela Minnesota Low Vision Reading Test (MNREAD) em uma versão traduzida e validada para o português. No grupo dos pacientes com glaucoma, caso ambos os olhos fossem elegíveis, o olho com maior defeito de CV, representado pelo menor Mean Deviation (MD) foi incluído. No grupo controle o olho participante foi escolhido aleatoriamente. Os parâmetros obtidos através do MNREAD foram a Velocidade Máxima de Leitura (VML), o Tamanho Crítico de Letra (TCL) e a Acuidade de Leitura (AL). Resultados: A média da VML nos pacientes com glaucoma (125,04 ± 38,36 palavras por minuto) foi significativamente menor do que no grupo controle (183,95 ± 15,54, p = 0,001). A média do TCL nos pacientes (0,09 ± 0,16 palavras por minuto) foi significativamente maior do que no grupo controle (-0,01 ± 0,07, p = 0,003). A média da AL nos pacientes (-0,17± 0,07) não apresentou diferença estatisticamente significativa em relação ao grupo controle (-0,19 ± 0,07, p = 0,469). A VML apresentou uma correlação positiva muito forte com MD nos pacientes com glaucoma (r = 0,954, p = 0,01). TCL teve uma correlação negativa muito forte com MD no grupo dos pacientes (r = -0,827, p = 0,01). AL apresentou uma correlação negativa substancial com MD no grupo dos pacientes (r = -0,624, p = 0,01). No grupo controle verificou-se correlação negativa baixa entre VML e MD (r = -0,132, p = 0,449), correlação negativa ínfima entre AL e MD (r = -0,076, p = 0,664) e uma correlação negativa moderada entre TCL e MD (r = -0,375, p = 0,026). Conclusões: Pacientes com glaucoma e acuidade visual 20/20 apresentam um comprometimento no desempenho de leitura que se relaciona com a gravidade do defeito no CV / Abstract: To investigate the influence of visual field defects on the reading performance of patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and 20/20 visual acuity. Methods: This was a Cross-sectional study of 35 POAG patients and 35 age-matched controls, all with 20/20 visual acuity in at least one eye. All individuals underwent slit-lamp biomicroscopy, applanation tonometry, gonioscopy, optic nerve examination with a 78-D lens and automated perimetry performed with the Humphrey Field Analyzer (Sita Standard 24-2). Monocular reading speed was assessed using the Minnesota Low Vision Reading chart (MNREAD) in a translated and validated Portuguese version. In the patient group, if both eyes were eligible, the eye with more advanced visual field defect, characterized by the lowest Mean Deviation (MD), was included. Only one eye of each healthy participant was randomly included in the study. The parameters obtained with the MNREAD were Maximum Reading Speed (MRS), Critical Print Size Size (CPS) and Reading Acuity (RA). Results: Mean MRS in the POAG group (125.04 ± 38.36 words per minute) was significantly lower than in the control group (183.95 ± 15.54; p = 0.001). Mean CPS in the POAG group (0.09 ± 0.16 words per minute) was significantly larger than in the control group (-0.01 ± 0.07; p = 0.003). Mean RA in the POAG group (-0.17 ± 0.07) showed no statistically significant difference from the control group (-0.19 ± 0.07, p = 0.469). MRS presented a very strong positive correlation with visual field MD in the POAG group (r = 0.954, p = 0.01). CPS presented very strong negative correlation with MD in the POAG group (r = -0.827, p = 0.01). RA presented a substantial negative correlation with MD in the POAG group (r = -0.624, p = 0.01). MRS presented a weak negative correlation with visual field MD in the control group (r = -0.132, p = 0.449). RA presented a very weak negative correlation with visual field MD in the control group (r = -0.076, p = 0.664). CPS presented a moderate negative correlation with visual field MD in the control group (r = -0.375, p = 0.026). Conclusions: Glaucoma patients with 20/20 visual acuity show impairment in reading performance that correlates with the severity of the visual field defect / Mestrado / Oftalmologia / Mestre em Ciências Médicas
126

Variación de la función visual y calidad de vida en pacientes con cataratas antes y después de la Facoemulsificación con colocación de lente intraocular en Lima-Perú

Luján Paredes, Silvio Augusto 20 January 2016 (has links)
Objetivo: Determinar la variación de la función visual y calidad de vida en pacientes con cataratas antes y después de la facoemulsificación más colocación de LIO. Métodos: Estudio longitudinal en pacientes mayores de 50 años, intervenidos de catarata con la cirugía de facoemulsificación con colocación de LIO. Se evaluó la variación de la función visual con el VFQ 25 y la calidad de vida con el QOL.Q 40 antes de la intervención quirúrgica y luego de 3 meses. Resultados: La edad media de los pacientes fue de 74 años ± 7,4, 55%, de los cuales 37,5% tuvieron una cirugía previa de cataratas. Se evidenció una variación favorable de la función visual en las subescalas de Salud general (p<0,001), Visión General (p< 0,001), Visión de cerca (p= <0,001), Visión de lejos (p< 0,001), Limitaciones (p= 0,001) y Visión Periférica (p< 0,001). La calidad de vida medida con el QOLQ.40, también presentó cambio favorable evidenciándose una diferencia significativa en la subescala de Satisfacción con un (p=0,0001.). Se calculó la correlación entre la variación de la función visual medida con el VFQ 25 y la variación del número de células endoteliales, hallando una mejora en la subescala de “Limitación” con un rho de Spearman de 0.3456. Conclusión: Los pacientes presentaron respuesta favorable a la intervención tanto a nivel clínico, observando un incremento de la agudeza visual, como en la función visual y calidad vida. Los cuestionarios de calidad de vida son adaptables a nuestra población, su uso permitirá una medición integral de los resultados de la cirugía. / Tesis
127

Computerized Dynamic Visual Acuity with Volitional Head Movement in Patients with Vestibular Dysfunction

Johnson, Erika L 25 March 2002 (has links)
Patients with non-compensated vestibular dysfunction frequently complain of the ability to maintain dynamic visual acuity during activities which require the movement of the head. When this occurs the patient is experiencing oscillopsia, which is the symptom resulting from a non-functional vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR). To measure the presence of oscillopsia, tests of dynamic visual acuity (DVA) may be used. A recent test of DVA has been reported which is administered while patients are walking on a treadmill. Although this test has been shown to be useful in evaluating DVA in patients, there are several disadvantages to treadmill use. These include physical space, cost and accessibility. Additionally, walking at the required treadmill speed to produce sufficient head movement may pose difficulties and be medically contraindicated for patients with certain health risks. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a different method to measure DVA in patients which would not require the use of the treadmill, but instead utilize a volitional head movement to reveal oscillopsia. In this study, patients performed the DVA test in two conditions: (1) walking on a treadmill, and (2) seated on a chair volitionally moving the head. In this study, DVA was tested in both conditions with 15 adults with normal vestibular function, and 16 adults with vestibular impairment. Results revealed that both methods, treadmill walking and volitional head movement, appeared equivalent for measuring DVA in normal subjects and vestibular impaired subjects. The lack of finding a significant main effect of method, and interactions that include method, supports the equivalence of volitional head movement to a treadmill approach for the measurement of DVA.
128

The role of oligodendrocytes in higher-order circuit functions

Moore Corona, Sharlen Yared 05 June 2018 (has links)
No description available.
129

Third Case of Candida Dubliniensis Endogenous Endophthalmitis in North America: Case Report and Review of the Literature

Rosenberger, Elizabeth, Youssef, Dima A., Safdar, Sara, Larzo, Cristoforo R., Myers, James 01 January 2014 (has links)
There are two previous reports of Candida dubliniensis endophthalmitis in North America. Here, we report a third case of C. dubliniensis endogenous endophthalmitis in a 31-year-old male patient who complained of left-sided decreased visual acuity. He had an associated mitral and tricuspid valve endocarditis, in the setting of intravenous drug use. Blood and sputum cultures were positive for C. dubliniensis. Fundoscopic examination was consistent with a fungal endophthalmitis. He was treated with fluconazole followed by intravenous liposomal amphotericin B for 6 weeks. C. dubliniensis is an important but rare cause of endophthalmitis in intravenous drug abusers.
130

Beurteilung des Kontrastsehens von Patienten mit idiopathischem Makulaforamen bzw. vitreomakulärer Traktion 6 Monate nach Injektion von Ocriplasmin / Investigation of the contrast vision of patients with idiopathic macula foramina or vitreomacular traction treated with Ocriplasmin up to six months after injection

Schrader, Nikolas 12 November 2020 (has links)
No description available.

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