Parenting plans are a new concept for professionals in South Africa working in the field of divorce. Emphasis has been placed on the development of parenting plans by including the concept of parenting plans in section 33 of the Children’s Act 38 of 2005. Professionals are now confronted with formulating adequate parenting plans which are focussed on the best interest standard of the child(ren) and that will assist the family with its functioning post–divorce. The aim of this research was to develop substantive guidelines that can assist the professional in drafting parenting plans. To achieve this aim, the following objectives guided the study: * To provide the legal context of parenting plans in South Africa. A legal context of parenting plans in South Africa is discussed by way of a literature study through an intensive analysis and critical discussion on a number of legal instruments pertaining to children, such as the Children’s Act 38 of 2005; the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996; the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) and the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child (ACRWC). * To ascertain the views of mental health professionals (social workers and psychologists) and legal professionals (attorneys and family advocates) with regard to the divorcing family and parenting plans. The views of mental health professionals and legal professionals with regard to the divorcing family in respect of parenting plans were established. Professionals completed an electronic questionnaire that consisted of open questions to establish their views. Further telephonic interviews with the professionals were facilitated to gain further insight into the professional view points on the issue of divorcing families and parenting plans. * To ascertain the needs of the divorcing family (parents and child(ren)) and to present these needs in the structuring of a parenting plan. The needs of the divorcing family (parents and child(ren)) were established through an explorative approach by means of a document study and electronic questionnaires that were completed by the family members. Through this exploration the researcher obtained an understanding of the needs of the divorcing family related to parenting plans. * To provide professionals with comprehensive and clear guidelines on the basic structure and general content of a parenting plan. Comprehensive and clear guidelines on the basic structure and general content of a parenting plan were constructed for professionals working in this area, based on findings of articles 1, 2 and 3 of this research. The researcher also relied on her background and training as a qualified social worker to construct these guidelines. It was concluded that professionals are not necessarily well equipped to structure high quality parenting plans. Guidelines ought to assist the professionals to structure plans that are well organised, practical, child–centred, developmentally appropriate, and representative of the divorcing family needs. The researcher believes that as parenting plans are obligatory for parents that divorce, there is a need for South African research on this subject matter. This study is a contribution in the research field as to assist the professionals with the task of compiling parenting plans for the divorcing family. In addition this study adds value to the forensic field by setting guidelines on the structuring of parenting plans that empower the professional to work in this challenging field. / Thesis (Ph.D. (Social Work))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

Does Yahweh exist? What is the ontological status of Yahweh-as-depicted in the Old Testament texts? Is the deity merely a character of fiction or does He also exist in extra-textual reality? According to the viewpoint of the devil’s advocate whose perspective on the issue is articulated in this thesis, the answer to the question is simply, no – Yahweh does not exist. He may seem real to those who believe in him and in the world of the text but he has no extra-textual and extra-psychical counterpart. To prove such a controversial claim, the philosophy of religion has been utilised as auxiliary discipline within Old Testament studies in the form of philosophicalcritical analysis (philosophical criticism / philosophy of Old Testament religion). A devil’s advocate's case against realism in Old Testament theology has been reconstructed in the form of seven arguments against the existence of Yahweh. According to the argument from theological pluralism, one element of the depiction of Yahweh in the text that is rather suspicious is the fact that Yahweh is characterised in ways that blatantly contradict each other. Both synchronic and diachronic perspectives on the theological contradictions suggest that there is no coherent biblical view of what Yahweh is actually like, what his will is and what he supposedly did. This deconstructs realism since the same actually existing entity cannot have discrepant attributes, hold mutually exclusive moral beliefs and have a history of both doing something and not doing the same thing at the same time. From the perspective of the argument from unorthodox theology, it is apparent that Yahweh is often depicted in ways most unorthodox from the point of view of Christian philosophical theology. Some texts appear to suggest he may not be eternal, single, omnipotent, omniscient, precognisant, immutable, omnipresent or wholly uninvolved in the actualisation of evil. If there is a God and if this God has all the attributes assigned to him by popular classical Christian philosophical theology, it follows that unorthodox depictions of Yahweh must be fictitious. In the view of the argument from polymorphic projection, everything about the god Yahweh appears suspiciously all-too-human. What Yahweh believes about the world, his self-talk, what he considers morally right and wrong and the way in which his own abode is run are all uncannily similar to the worldview and superstitions of the Iron Age Levant. The divine variables never transcend this all-too-local and all-too-cultural matrix and even change along with it. This unmasks Yahweh as ananthropomorphic, sociomorphic and sychomorphic projection – a character of fiction who does not exist outside the minds of those who created him in their image. The argument from mythology and syncretism demonstrates that the discourse of Yahweh’s religion and the sacred stories and poems in which he features contain numerous parallels to the myths, legends, folklore and superstitions found in other pagan religions. There are also marked traces of syncretism between the cult and theology of Yahweh and the ideologies of the Israelites' neighbours which, in each case, predates Yahwism. This suggests that Yahweh’s ontological status may very well not be all that different from that of El, Baal, Zeus or Maduk. From the perspective of the argument from fictitious cosmography, the world in the text where Yahweh is depicted as existing, acting and in which his abode is located and of which he is the creator, does not exist. Yahweh’s world and his worldview are demonstrably fictitious. Since the Old Testament depicts Yahweh as being “up there” in the sky and since we know that he is demonstrably not there, Yahweh-as-depicted stands unmasked as a character of fiction. The argument from fictitious history asserts that the Old Testament is filled with historical fiction. For a variety of reasons, it can be demonstrated that many of the depictions of supposed historical scenarios are completely fictitious in that they never happened in the way the details of the accounts imply were the case. Since what was intended as history is actually fiction and no god literally appeared, acted and spoke as Yahweh is depicted as doing, it follows that Yahweh as thus depicted is a character of fiction. He does not exist. Finally, the argument from meta-textual history shows that, on the one hand, the all-too-recent and all-too-local origins of the worship of Yahweh on a historical and cosmic scale unmask it as a wholly human enterprise. On the other hand, the Old Testament texts themselves have all-too-human origins rather than being the result of actual divine revelation. The Old Testament appears not to be the Word of God but human words about an allegedly existing deity. The development of Yahwism and its derivatives (Judaism and Christianity) seems not to have been determined by progressive revelation but by socio-cultural paradigm shifts and a history of repressed anti-realist tendencies. From such a meta-textual historical perspective it becomes obvious that Yahweh-as-depicted in the text is indeed no more than a product of human ideological imagination. In other words, he does not really exist. Though not all seven of these devil’s advocate’s arguments may be equally devastating when viewed in isolation, in the form of a cumulative argument against realism, they constitute seemingly irrefutable proof that Yahweh-as-depicted in the text does not exist. Consequently, realism collapses not only in Old Testament theology but also in any form of theism somehow related to, rooted in and/or dependent on realism in its discourse. / Thesis (PhD (Old Testament Science))--University of Pretoria, 2005. / Old Testament Studies / unrestricted

Nowadays the office of the ombudsman is considered as one of the main institutions, which should not lack in any democratic country. The actual ombudsman of Czech republic Mgr. Anna Šabatová Ph.D. solves many causes, of which some are mentioned in this thesis. Public advocate is expected to be independent and available for people to advise them in case of negotiation with institutions, that are in his or her competence. By constitution of law no. 349/1999 Sb. the institution of ombudsman was anchored in Czech republic. The objective of my thesis is to explain the evolution of ombudsman from the moment of the constitution of the law, till present, to analyze the law itself and to focus on the office of the public advocate. Further, I compare the institution of ombudsman with other countries and define recommendations for adjustment of law about the public advocate in Czech republic. First of all I recommend to install specialized ombudsman for different areas, set up requirements of education of public advocate and a possibility to appeal him or her in case of long-term disease, which hinders him or her to perform.

Bakgrund: Vårdrelationen som etableras mellan patienten och specialistsjuksköterskan inom anestesi i det tidsbegränsade preoperativa mötet är en förutsättning för att specialist-sjuksköterskan ska kunna ge personcentrerad vård. Det har tidigare inte studerats hur vårdrelationen etableras utifrån ramverket Fundamentals of Care i den preoperativa kontexten. Syfte: Att beskriva hur vårdrelationen etableras i det tidsbegränsade preoperativa mötet mellan patienten och specialistsjuksköterskan inom anestesi utifrån Fundamentals of Care.  Metod: Litteraturstudie med systematisk ansats. Deduktiv innehållsanalys enligt Elo och Kyngäs. Resultat: Studiens resultat visar hur vårdrelationen kan etableras i det preoperativa mötet, beskrivet utifrån Fundamentals of Care, vilket inte gjorts tidigare. Resultatet visade på kunskap, erfarenheter, sinnen och förmågor som anestesisjuksköterskan behövde besitta för att etablera vårdrelationen. Det som kan lyftas fram var anestesisjuksköterskans speciella kommunikationsförmåga, mentala närvaro, metoder för att lugna patienten, olika sätt att visa fysisk närvaro samt hennes simultankapacitet för att etablera vårdrelationen preoperativt. Ramverket Fundamentals of Care gjorde det möjligt att överföra tidigare forskning för att beskriva etablerandet av vårdrelationen. Fortsatt fördjupning och forskning inom detta område skulle kunna ligga till grund för praktisk vägledning för specialistsjuksköterskan inom anestesi. Slutsats: Studien visar hur det är möjligt att etablera en vårdrelation i det tidsbegränsade preoperativa mötet mellan patienten och specialistsjuksköterskan inom anestesi, för att ge personcentrerad vård. Resultatet kan ses som en introduktion eller underlag för diskussion för nyexaminerade anestesisjuksköterskor om hur hon kan etablera en vårdrelation i det preoperativa mötet med patienten. / Background: The relationship established preoperatively between the patient and the nurse anesthetic specialist is a prerequisite for the nurse specialist to give person-centered care. The establishment of the caring relationship has not earlier been investigated using the Fundamentals of Care framework in the perioperative context. Aim: To describe the establishment of the relationship between the nurse anesthetic specialist and the patient within a limited period in the preoperative setting using Fundamentals of Care. Method: Literature review with a systematic approach. The collected data was analyzed with a deductive approach according to Elo and Kyngäs. Result: The result of the study shows how the establishment of the caring relationship in the preoperative setting, described from Fundamentals of Care, which have not been done before. The result brings forth knowledge, experiences, senses, and abilities that the nurse anesthetist needed to possess to establish the caring relationship. Skills worth mentioning are her specific communication skills, her mental attendance, methods of calming the patient, different ways of showing physical presence and her simultaneous capacity for establishing the perioperative relationship. The framework Fundamental of Care itself made it possible to transfer former research to describe the establishment of a caring relationship. Furthermore, in-depth research in this area could be the basis to practical guidance for the nurse anesthetist.  Conclusions: The study shows how it is possible to establish a caring relationship between the patient and the nurse anesthetist within the limited period in the preoperative setting in order to deliver person-centered care. The result can be an introduction or basis for discussion for the new graduate nurse anesthetist about the establishment of a caring relationship in the preoperative meeting with the patient.

This study aims to describe and analyse the ideas behind and the function of the NGO Maskrosbarn’s advocate services for children (barnombud) during child welfare investigations. The main focus is the advocate services relation to children’s participation. The study has a qualitative case-study approach and contains documents from the local authorities and interviews with eight representatives in six different positions such as child advocates, youth and social workers. An analysis has been made using Shier’ (2001) and Hart’s (1992) theories of child participation and theories about human service organisations (Hasenfeldt, 1983), the New Institutional Theory (Meyer & Rowan, 1977) and the street-level bureaucrat theory (Lipsky, 1980). One main obstacle for child participation in child welfare investigation, shown in the study, is organisational conditions and social workers’ position in public authority. By creating a relationship built on trust, the child advocate supports the child in the investigation process and has the ability to increase the child’s participation and thereby overcome the gap between the social worker and the child. This study highlights the importance of an active cooperation between the child advocate services and the social services, and also of a shared view on the meaning of participation.

Custody disputes have traditionally been considered a legal matter. More recent trends have seen the recognition of divorce and custody as both legal and psychological events. This necessitated the involvement of professionals of the helping services in custody recommendations. Such a multidisciplinary approach is currently taken by the Office of the Family Advocate, Pretoria, in disputed custody matters. It is suggested that the way in which the problem of custody is currently defined, is on a pragmatic level, and does not include a higher-order awareness as implied by an ecosystemic epistemology. Such an awareness denotes self-reflexivity, and calls for a more aesthetic emphasis. The dialectic between aesthetics and pragmatics is maintained by means of a descriptive look at the various systems involved in a disputed custody case. Adopting an ecosystemic epistemology is recommended, through the metaphor of mediation, as a further evolution of an already changing process. / Psychology / M.A. (Clinical Psychology)

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-07-11T12:46:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Christiane Grace Guimarães da Silva.pdf: 1884302 bytes, checksum: 65e4d267b07f849e9df83782f1821f2f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-11T12:46:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Christiane Grace Guimarães da Silva.pdf: 1884302 bytes, checksum: 65e4d267b07f849e9df83782f1821f2f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Idealized by the Woman's Foreign Missionary Society of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, the periodical ―Woman‟s Missionary Advocate‖, published monthly in the United States and without any interruptions between 1880 and 1910, used to receive information from the missionaries who reported their experiences in several parts of the world, including Brazil. Its first number was started in July, 1880 with 16 pages and its last edition was published in December, 1910 with 47 pages. The newspaper based on the saying ―from woman to woman‖ was totally managed by women and supported by annual subscriptions. Besides the actions of the missions in the educational field, it published, in full, the annual meetings of the Woman‘s Board of Foreign Mission and the several missionary activities accomplished in the mission fields. In the end of XIX century, several societies were organized with the purpose of becoming the activity of expanding Methodism more efficient and structured. Even the movement being led by men and considering the missionaries were married and their wives were consequently equally involved in this project, the scenario changes after the increase of the Woman's Missionary Societies that became an objective of great benefit at Church to take different positions and tasks, mainly in the establishment of schools. The purpose of this research is to study the North-American Methodist Missionary Movement in Brazil, in reference of the educational aspect, based on the woman's involvement. Through analysis procedures based on the Cultural History perspective, it is supported in the studies of Roger Chartier about practical notions and representations, and of Michel de Certeau in the distinction of the categories called tactics and strategies, in the study of the cultural practices. The Woman‟s Missionary Advocate, a diffusing newspaper about the Methodist missionary movement, especially with regard to the school education, was a privileged place of dissemination and defense of the Methodist missionary ideals in a historicity that highlights the women's role. Through its study was possible to defend the theses about the female protagonism in the Methodist missionary movement in Brazil, showing the women's effective involvement more than the direct action at schools / Idealizado pela Sociedade Missionária Estrangeira da Mulher da Igreja Metodista Episcopal do Sul, o periódico Woman‟s Missionary Advocate, publicado nos Estados Unidos mensalmente e sem interrupções entre 1880 e 1910, recebia informações das missionárias que relatavam suas experiências em diversas partes do mundo, inclusive do Brasil. Iniciando seu primeiro número em junho de 1880 com 16 páginas e tendo sua última edição publicada em dezembro de 1910 com 47 páginas, o periódico, baseado na máxima ―da mulher para a mulher‖, era dirigido integralmente por mulheres e mantido com assinaturas anuais. Divulgava, além das ações das missões no campo educacional, a íntegra das reuniões anuais do Conselho Missionário Estrangeiro da Mulher e as diversas atividades missionárias realizadas nos campos de missão. No final do século XIX, diversas sociedades foram organizadas com o objetivo de tornar mais eficiente e estruturada a atividade de expansão do metodismo. Mesmo que o movimento fosse liderado por homens, considerando que os missionários eram casados e suas esposas, por consequência, estavam igualmente envolvidas nesse projeto, o cenário muda após o incremento das Sociedades Missionárias Femininas, que se tornaram um alvo de grande interesse na Igreja para ocupar diferentes posições e trabalhos, especialmente na fundação das escolas. Esta pesquisa se propõe a examinar o movimento missionário metodista norte-americano no Brasil, no que tange seu aspecto educacional, tomando como base a participação da mulher. Com procedimentos de análise baseados na perspectiva da História Cultural, ampara-se nos estudos de Roger Chartier sobre noções de práticas e representações, e de Michel de Certeau na distinção das categorias denominadas como táticas e estratégias, no estudo das práticas culturais. O Woman‟s Missionary Advocate, como um periódico difusor do movimento missionário metodista, especialmente no que concerne à educação escolar, foi um espaço privilegiado de divulgação e defesa dos ideais missionários metodistas dentro de uma historicidade que destaca o papel da mulher. Seu estudo permitiu defender a tese do protagonismo feminino no movimento missionário metodista no Brasil, mostrando a participação efetiva das mulheres para além da atuação direta nas escolas

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-27T13:52:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MARTA HELENA MENDES DE QUEIROZ.pdf: 408359 bytes, checksum: 53c0d7298ed53ccf01dc13737d6121f8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-03-31 / Este estudo tem como objetivo geral mostrar, através do resultado do questionário aplicado a alunos do Curso de Direito, a relação discurso/poder no espaço jurídico, associado com a educação e as implicações do Exame da Ordem dos Advogados do Brasil (OAB) e exame (FOUCAULT, 2002) como modo de saber na formação acadêmica e profissional do Advogado. Inicialmente, foi realizada uma abordagem crítica de Michel Foucault, fazendo um entrecruzamento com a abordagem da educação filosófica no Curso de Direito. Também, observou-se o discurso dos alunos na constituição dos saberes implicados na formação do sujeito, com vistas à preparação do processo de formação desse curso para a profissão de Advogado, no contexto de projeto pedagógico (na carga horária e nas disciplinas, na bibliografia, na constituição das suas bibliotecas, no conteúdo, nas avaliações, nos estágios, no trabalho monográfico, no quadro de professores, mais específico do Exame de Ordem). Avaliou-se, portanto, o sistema de formação, interpretação e análise dos processos educacionais, ao final da graduação (2010), revelando as dificuldades no ensino-aprendizagem pelos discentes nos aspectos envolvidos no seu próprio discurso sobre o Exame da OAB. Para tanto, realizou-se um estudo de caso em um Curso de Direito em Goiás, por meio de questões fechadas e abertas, numa pesquisa de campo, com alunos do quinto ano, sob o enfoque da Arqueologia do Discurso, associando-a ao discurso educacional/jurídico, com o intuito de possibilitar uma visão do problema em questão. A partir das concepções foucaultianas, analisou-se, neste trabalho, a ideia de arquivo como condição de possibilidade de discurso arqueológico; a teoria do discurso e/ou método de análise do arquivo (categorias e conceitos); reflexões sobre o Exame de Ordem dos Advogados do Brasil e a formação do advogado. Almeja-se que esta pesquisa possa contribuir para a compreensão de temas que despertem interesse no campo da Arqueologia do Discurso, vinculado à prática educacional e jurídica.

Custody disputes have traditionally been considered a legal matter. More recent trends have seen the recognition of divorce and custody as both legal and psychological events. This necessitated the involvement of professionals of the helping services in custody recommendations. Such a multidisciplinary approach is currently taken by the Office of the Family Advocate, Pretoria, in disputed custody matters. It is suggested that the way in which the problem of custody is currently defined, is on a pragmatic level, and does not include a higher-order awareness as implied by an ecosystemic epistemology. Such an awareness denotes self-reflexivity, and calls for a more aesthetic emphasis. The dialectic between aesthetics and pragmatics is maintained by means of a descriptive look at the various systems involved in a disputed custody case. Adopting an ecosystemic epistemology is recommended, through the metaphor of mediation, as a further evolution of an already changing process. / Psychology / M.A. (Clinical Psychology)

Doctor of Education / Department of Counseling and Educational Psychology / Kenneth F. Hughey / Advocacy is an increasingly integral role for school counselors, and advocacy dispositions, knowledge, and skill competencies are critical for school counselors to function effectively in the contemporary school setting. This study assessed the perceptions of school counselor educators regarding the degree of importance of including advocacy dispositions, knowledge, and skill competencies (Trusty & Brown, 2005) in master’s degree school counseling programs; the extent to which the advocacy competencies are taught in the program; and the relative readiness of program graduates to apply the advocacy competencies. Additionally, this study also investigated whether there were significant differences between the responses of participants associated with CACREP-accredited and those with non-CACREP-accredited school counselor preparation programs. Stratified proportional sampling was used to identify study participants. A sample of 250 counselor educators teaching in master’s degree programs in school counseling was identified and a survey was sent to each participant. One-hundred thirty six surveys were returned (54.4%); this represented 69 CACREP-accredited programs and 67 non-CACREP-accredited programs involving respondents in each region of Association for Counselor Education and Supervision. Mean ratings for respondents indicated that counselor educators perceived inclusion of the 15 advocacy competencies in master’s programs in school counseling as moderately to very important, moderately taught in their programs, and their graduates to be moderately ready to apply the advocacy competencies. Using independent samples t-tests to compare the mean ratings, the results showed no statistically significant differences between CACREP-accredited and non-CACREP-accredited respondents. It was concluded that the advocacy disposition, knowledge, and skill competencies delineated by Trusty and Brown (2005) are appropriate for inclusion in master’s degree programs in school counseling, and that additional focus on advocacy competencies might be needed within programs to ensure that all school counseling graduates learn and are able to apply the competencies. It was also concluded that the perceptions of counselor educators in CACREP-accredited and non-CACREP-accredited programs are more similar than different relative to the importance of including the competencies in graduate programs, the extent to which they are taught, and the readiness of graduates to apply the competencies.