La présente thèse propose une recherche sur la tradition textuelle et l’édition critique du discours Εἰς Ῥώμην (En l’honneur de Rome) d’Aelius Aristide (IIe siècle apr. J.-C.). Le discours, prononcé à Rome en 144 apr. J.-C., est un éloge de l’Empire romain. La première édition critique du discours fut publiée par B. Keil en 1898 ; au cours du XXe siècle deux philologues ont préparé des éditions comportant un texte critique, en s’appuyant sur l’apparat de Keil. La thèse est organisée en une introduction générale et deux parties, suivies par la bibliographie et quatre annexes. La première partie est consacrée à la recherche sur la tradition textuelle du discours, et est structurée en six chapitres. La deuxième partie consiste dans l’édition critique du discours En l’honneur de Rome, avec apparat critique et des témoignages de la tradition indirecte. Le texte grec est suivi par un apparat complémentaire donnant les leçons des manuscrits mineurs et des notes critiques. / The purpose of the present thesis is to perform a research on the textual tradition and the critical edition of Aelius Aristides’ speech Εἰς Ῥώμην (To Rome) (2nd century CE). Delivered in Rome in 144 CE, this speech is a praise of the Roman Empire. The first critical edition of the speech was published by B. Keil in 1898; in the 20th century, two philologists prepared editions with critical text, based on the apparatus of Keil. The thesis consists of a general introduction and two parts, followed by the bibliography, and four appendices. The first part explains the research on the textual tradition of the speech, and is structured in six chapters. The second part consists of the critical edition of the speech To Rome, with critical apparatus and the testimonies of the indirect tradition. The Greek text is followed by a complementary apparatus offering the variant readings of the minor manuscripts and some critical notes.

Les Discours leuctriens sont un groupe déclamatoire d'Aelius Aristide mettant en scène la question des alliances athéniennes dans l'après-Leuctres. Ce sujet a été considéré comme éloigné des préoccupations politiques des Grecs du IIe siècle de notre ère. Le mémoire prend le relais des avancées historiques et rhétoriques pour redéfinir la résonance que pouvait avoir cette oeuvre à la période romaine. L'approche est principalement littéraire mais donne une grande importance à la situation politique des cités grecques de la province d'Asie. Nos conclusions sont que la vision de l'histoire véhiculée par ces discours est conforme à celle que développe Aristide dans la défense de la concorde; que les passages comportant des parallèles verbaux et thématiques avec la description de Rome ne portent aucun jugement direct sur celle-ci, mais des réflexions pertinentes dans l'appréhension de son pouvoir; finalement, que ces résonances contemporaines ne sont pas contradictoires avec la fonction littéraire des déclamations.

Texte remanié de: D. Phil. thesis--Oxford, 1986. Titre de soutenance : Six studies in the Idea-theory of Hermogenes and Ps.-Aristides. / Bibliogr. p. 154-163. Index.

Orientador: André Leonardo Chevitarese / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T06:57:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Guerra_LolitaGuimaraes_D.pdf: 3272234 bytes, checksum: bc2f37f5088831937e035ad9b21cb6f3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Os Hieroì Lógoi de Élio Aristides, compostos ca. 170 da Era Comum, constituem uma narrativa autobiográfica dedicada a Asclépio, cujo santuário, em Pérgamo, foi frequentado pelo autor ao longo de sua vida. Este, ao voltar-se em direção ao deus em busca de suas famosas curas praticadas por meio de sonhos, é transformado em meio a uma relação de favorecimento e intimidade com Asclépio que, em última instância, identifica-o a ele. Essa identificação, dada a ver no corpo de Aristides e por ele sentida é atravessada por valores paradoxais e inapreensíveis do ponto de vista de uma elaboração sistemática. Ela é entendida, assim, como uma iniciação mistérica, a qual dialoga com a cultura material de Asclepeia como os santuários de Pérgamo e o de Epidauro. Nesses espaços circulam sentidos e práticas cuja dinâmica resulta, não apenas, na produção da própria materialidade, como dos indivíduos que, no ocupar-se dela, são também constituídos. Esta relação circular com o mundo material ultrapassa o contexto dos santuários e deve ser também observada no próprio texto dos Hieroì Lógoi como produto humano e, ao mesmo tempo, produtor do humano. A escrita autobiográfica oferece-se, assim, como locus privilegiado para a reflexão sobre os modos de produção e existência do Eu enquanto ser no mundo. Ao mesmo tempo, na medida em que esta autobiografia é composta por meio de discursos nos quais se combinam elementos sobrenaturais e de transformação do si mesmo em algo para além do humano, ela deve ser pensada como parte de um antigo ocupar-se do Eu em ambiente greco-romano. Esta forma de tratar o Eu, tomá-lo e ocupar-se dele, prescinde da elaboração sistemática de um saber teórico e, simultaneamente, fundamenta toda reflexão desenvolvida em torno do problema do si mesmo a partir da perspectiva da primeira pessoa. A identificação de Aristides a Asclépio dialoga com temas caros a esses questionamentos: a unidade, a continuidade e a impermeabilidade do Eu, muitas vezes contestadas por ideias de multiplicidade, fragmentação e abertura. Essas reflexões frequentemente lançam hipóteses sobre a autonomia do indivíduo e sua vulnerabilidade perante os imortais. Na medida em que a identificação de Aristides a Asclépio se dá, em grande parte, por meio da visualidade e dos encontros face a face, sinaliza-se a necessidade de questionar a mortalidade e a imortalidade como pares antitéticos tributários de noções de alteridade próprias da dicotomia sujeito / objeto. Assim, a partir do discurso paradoxal de Aristides sobre suas experiências, o qual reatualiza antigas perspectivas sobre os limites entre deuses e homens como flexíveis, contestáveis e, até mesmo, apenas virtualmente existentes, defendemos uma abordagem da mortalidade e da imortalidade como pares incomensuráveis os quais, nos Hieroì Lógoi, constituem o Eu. Essa abordagem nos permite pensar mortalidade imortalidade como expressão particular de uma dimensão de trato, tomada e ocupação do Eu anterior, não-tributária e não-fundadora de um saber sistematizado das relações de alteridade. Os Hieroì Lógoi apresentam-se, portanto, como materialidade narrativa das possibilidades-Eu emergidas no sonho e na devoção de um homem do segundo século de nossa Era / Abstract: The Hieroì Lógoi of Aelius Aristides, composed ca. 170 C.E., constitute an autobiographical narrative dedicated to Asclepius, whose sanctuary, in Pergamon, the author visited many times throughout his life. As he turns to the god in search of his famous dream cures, Aristides is transformed through a favoritism and intimacy relationship with Asclepius which ultimately identifies them. This identification, bodily seen and felt by Aristides, is permeated by paradoxical and inapprehensible values from the perspective of systematic elaboration. Therefore, it is understood as an initiation into a mystery which is in close relation to the Asclepieia¿s material culture, as in Pergamon and Epidauros. In these spaces there are available meanings and practices in circulation whose dynamics result not only in the production of materiality but, also, in the fashioning of individuals who, as they deal with it, are constituted by it. This circular relation with the material world trespasses the sanctuaries¿ context and may be also observed in the Hieroì Lógoi text itself as a human product and, at the same time, it's producer. Autobiography is offered, therefore, as a privileged locus for the reflection on the modes of existence and fashioning of the Self as being in the world. At the same time, as this autobiography is composed by discourses which combine supernatural features and elements which transform the Self into something beyond human, it must be approached as part of the ancient self-occupation in the Greco-Roman world. This taking and occupation of the Self dispenses the systematic elaboration of a theoretical knowledge and simultaneously grounds all reflection on the problem of the Self from the first-person perspective. Aristides¿ identification with Asclepius engages in important themes to these inquiries: unity, continuity and the Self¿s impermeability, often contested by ideas of plurality, fragmentation and openness. These reflections frequently construct hypothesis regarding individual agency and autonomy, on the one hand, and vulnerability towards the gods, on the other. As Aristides¿ identification with Asclepius occurs, mostly, trough face-to-face visuality, comes to light the necessity to question mortality and immortality as antithetical pairs dependent on notions about otherness peculiar to the subject / object dichotomy. Therefore, from Aristides¿ paradoxical discourse on his experiences, which reactualizes ancient perspectives on the limits between gods and men as flexible, contested and even virtually absent, we assert an approach towards mortality and immortality as incommensurable pairs which constitute the Self in the Hieroì Lógoi. This approach allows us to consider mortality immortality as a particular expression of treatment, taking and occupancy of the Self which is prior, independent and non-constituent of systematized and discursively built alterity. The Hieroì Lógoi present themselves, therefore, as the narrative materiality of Self-possibilities arisen in this second-century man's dream and devotion / Doutorado / Historia Cultural / Doutora em História

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“Inscribing Community” examines Greek inscriptions from Rome, between the first and fourth centuries CE, in order to understand the spaces and presentation of multicultural communities within the topography of the city. Literary sources, from Martial to Aelius Aristides, cite Rome’s multiculturalism as a defining feature of the city. These literary sources, however, separate Rome’s diverse population from the city’s built environment. For all the presentation of the city as a culturally diverse capital, did its multicultural population contribute to the topography of the city? Understanding the relationship between the city’s multicultural population and landscape comes as a challenge given the difficulties of tracing identity within material culture and the flawed preservation of Rome’s archaeological record. For this dissertation, I turn to Greek inscriptions – as both social historical texts and archaeological objects – in order to examine the organization and spaces of multicultural communities in Rome. Greek inscriptions, despite the cultural popularity of the language, remained a rarity in the landscape of Rome, accounting for less than 5% of the existing epigraphic record of the city. Within the center of Rome, inscribed Greek represented a cultural practice of the eastern half of the empire, where Greek functioned as the administrative language. When the Greek epigraphic record is mapped onto the topography of Rome, three distinct clusters of inscriptions can be seen in the areas of the Sacra Via, the Baths of Trajan, and the southern Transtiberim region. The contents of the inscriptions within these areas not only demonstrate the existence of communities organized by people from the different parts of eastern Mediterranean but also reveal their physical impression on the city. The three sites mark the only known structures and spaces devoted to multicultural communities in the urban topography of Rome. The Greek inscriptions of these three sites, when examined together, reveal the tension between motivation and perception in imperial Rome. Individuals and communities created inscriptions in Greek as an expression of their identities and native cultures. Yet, the display of inscriptions made the texts perceptible objects within the landscape of Rome, which anyone in the city might interpret in their own way. At each of the sites, imperial power mediated this tension, affecting their presentation and articulation of identity. Whether displayed in the center of the city or its periphery, Greek inscriptions in Rome represent eastern cultural identity that can also serve as a message of imperial dominance.

Divine healing has been often seen in opposition to human healing. The two spheres, have been considered as separate, both in space and in terms of elements involved. Asclepian sanctuaries have been mostly presented as domains of exclusively divine intervention, without any involvement of the human factor, possibly with the sole exception of dream interpretation. However, the written testimonies of temple cures, both those in the form of cure inscriptions dedicated in sanctuaries and the literary accounts of the incubation experience, give us reasons to suppose that the practical side of the functioning of the asklepieia could have assumed the involvement of human medicine, with the extent of this involvement differing in various epochs. Regardless of physicians' participation or its lack in the procedure, the methods applied in sanctuary healing appear to have evolved in parallel to the developments in medicine and their popular perception. Archaeological finds as well as the image of Asclepius as the god of medicine itself seem to confirm this. Nevertheless, by no means should these connections between the two spheres be treated as transforming the space of religious meaning into hospitals functioning under the auspices of a powerful god. Although acknowledging them does entail inclusion of human medicine within the space dedicated to Asclepius, it does not thereby deny the procedure of incubation its religious and metaphysical dimension. On the contrary, it shows that to the Greek mind divine and human healing were not mutually exclusive, but overlapped and coincided with each other, proving that the Greek sense of rationality was quite different from the modern and could comprise far more than what we call today "scientific thinking".