The main aim of the study was to determine the prescribing patterns of antibiotics with an emphasis on fluoroquinolones in the private health sector of South Africa. The empirical study followed a quantitative, descriptive, observational method using retrospective, longitudinal medicine claims data provided by a nationally representative Pharmaceutical Benefit Management company (PBM) from 1 January 2005 to 31 December 2012. Penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems, aminoglycosides, chloramphenicol, fluoroquinolones, macrolides, tetracyclines, sulphonamides and trimethoprim were considered in the study. A total of 5 155 262 (44.8%) patients received at least one antibiotic prescription out of the total number of registered beneficiaries included in the database. The average number of antibiotic prescriptions per patient per year ranged from 2.22 ± 1.89 (95% CI 2.22-2.22) in 2005 to 1.98 ± 1.62 (95% CI 1.98-1.99) in 2012. The number of antibiotics per prescription per year remained fairly constant at 1.05 ± 0.19 (95% CI 1.05-1.05) in 2005 to 1.06 ± 0.21 (95% CI 1.06-1.06) in 2012. The prevalence of patients receiving antibiotic prescriptions decreased from 46.1% (n = 789 247) in 2005 to 38.2% (n = 480 159) in 2012. Antibiotics were mostly prescribed for females (54.9%, n = 2 831 686) and in patients aged 0 to 18 years (26.5%, n = 1 366 824) and least in patients above 65 years (9.5%, n = 490 496). The prevalence of patients receiving antibiotic prescriptions was highest in Gauteng (41.9%, n = 2 159 360) and lowest in the Northern Cape (1.7%, n = 87 720). Antibiotics were mostly prescribed during the winter period. Penicillins were the most prescribed antibiotics (43%) and carbapenem the least (0.1%) out of the total number of antibiotics claimed. No practically significant association was found between antibiotic prescribing and gender, age, province and season. A total of 1 983 622 prescriptions for fluoroquinolones were claimed in patients older than 18 years. The average number of fluoroquinolone prescriptions per patient per year ranged from 1.45 ± 0.92 (95% CI 1.44-1.45) in 2005 to 1.31 ± 0.71 (95% CI 1.31-1.32) in 2012. The highest prevalence of fluoroquinolone prescribing was observed in females (64.1%, n = 850 253) and in patients between 45 and 65 years (38.6%, n = 511 542). The total fluoroquinolone use by the study population decreased from 2.85 DID in 2005 to 2.41 DID in 2012. Norfloxacin was the only first-generation fluoroquinolone prescribed. The second-generation fluoroquinolones accounted for more than 50% of the total DID, with ciprofloxacin being the most used active ingredient in this generation. Moxifloxacin was the most prescribed third-generation fluoroquinolone; its use ranging from 0.51 DID in 2005 to 0.44 DID in 2012. Between 2005 and 2012, a total of 57 325 prescriptions for fluoroquinolones were claimed by patients 18 years and younger. The prevalence of patients receiving fluoroquinolone prescriptions decreased from 3.6% (n = 8 329) in 2005 to 2.9% (n = 3 310) in 2012. Fluoroquinolones were mostly prescribed to females and in patients between 12 and 18 years. In all age groups, prescribing was mainly done by general medical practitioners. Ciprofloxacin was the most prescribed fluoroquinolone, followed by levofloxacin. In conclusion, this study established estimates on the prevalence of antibiotic prescribing covering an eight-year period. Secondly, baseline estimates for fluoroquinolone prescribing in adults using the ATC/DDD methodology were determined. Fluoroquinolone prescribing patterns in children and adolescents were determined, with specific reference to the comparison between the prescribed daily and recommended daily dosages in the different age groups and by prescribers’ specialties. / MPharm (Pharmacy Practice), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

South Africa‟s current energy sector places undue reliance on fossil fuels to fulfil the country‟s energy requirements. The use of these non-renewable energy resources are unsustainable, as millions of tonnes of harmful emissions are released and estimates are made that these resources will be depleted within the next 100 years. Therefore the country has to source alternative energy resources. Renewable energy resources (for example solar energy) are considered to release little or no harmful by-products and have an infinite supply. Therefore the South African government has to promote the use of renewable energy as part of its commitments to address climate change and to ensure sustainable energy resources. Some of the most popular regulatory tools that a state uses to control human behaviour, is through command-and-control instruments and fiscal instruments. The latter promotes behavioural changes by rewarding desired behaviour which ultimately advances the user‟s own best interest. Because of the nature of renewable energy governance, energy users can not be forced or compelled through commandand- control instruments to use renewable energy. They should rather be encouraged or persuaded to use this form of energy through market-based instruments. This is also the central hypothesis of this dissertation. The purpose of this study is to determine the extent to which the South African legal regime makes provision to promote the use of renewable energy resources through fiscal instruments. Therefore the various energy-related white papers, policy papers and legislation will be analysed. This study found that South Africa‟s legal regime only partly makes provision to promote the use of renewable energy resources through fiscal instruments. The policy part of the legal regime is fairly well developed, but the statutory regime lacks detail and in its current form, environmental/energyrelated legislation does not fully correspond with the lofty objectives of the policy framework. / LLM (Environmental Law and Governance), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

Rotavirus infection causes severe gastroenteritis, affecting all children under the age of five regardless of hygiene or water quality. The currently licensed vaccines succeeded in reducing diarrhoea worldwide, but they still have shortcomings, especially the efficacy of the vaccines in developing countries. One of the main reasons for this can be due to the difference in strains, since the strains used to develop the currently licensed vaccines (RotaTeq and Rotarix) were selected from strains circulating in the developed world (G1, G2, G3 and G4), while the main strains present in Africa (G8, G9 and G12) were not included. A second shortcoming of the currently licensed vaccines is the cost of these vaccines. The vaccines are very expensive and most developing countries cannot afford the vaccines as well as the fact that the manufacturing companies cannot produce enough vaccines for all the countries. An attractive alternative to the currently licensed rotavirus vaccines is the non-live vaccine candidate, virus-like particles, which can provide a possible cheaper, safer and efficacious alternative or complement the currently licensed vaccines. Therefore, in this study a South African G9P[6] rotavirus strain, RVA/Humanwt/ ZAF/GR10924/1999/G9P[6], was used to determine whether or not co-expression of the structural proteins VP2 (genome segment 2) and VP6 (genome segment 6) was possible in bacteria and yeast. The South African GR10924 G9P[6] neonatal strain was previously obtained from a stool sample and the nucleotide consensus sequence was determined for both genome segment 2 (VP2) and genome segment 6 (VP6). Bacterial codon optimised coding regions or open reading frames were used in this study. The open reading frames (ORFs) of the genome segments encoding, VP2 and VP6, were cloned into the expression vector pETDuet-1, which allows for the simultaneous expression of two genes in bacteria. The ORF of genome segment 6 was purchased from GeneScript and the ORF of genome segment 2 was obtained from Dr AC Potgieter (Deltamune (Pty) Ltd R&D, South Africa). Compatible restriction enzyme sites were used to sub-clone the ORF of the bacterial codon optimised genome segments into the expression vector. Only the expression of the VP6 protein in bacteria was observed with Coomassie stained SDS-PAGE. The ORFs encoding VP2 (genome segment 2) and VP6 (genome segment 6) of the wild type GR10924 G9P[6] strain were cloned into the wide range yeast expression system vector, pKM173, which allows for the simultaneous expression of more than one gene. Several yeast strains were used in this study namely Kluyveromyces marxianus, Kluyveromyces lactis, Candida deformans, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Yarrowia lipolytica, Arxula adeninivorans, Hansenula polymorpha and Debaryomyces hansenii. Expression of both proteins was not detected in the several yeast strains, as seen with western blot analysis. DNA extractions were done on two colonies of each yeast strain that were used for western blot analysis to evaluate successful integration into the yeast genomes. Only a few of the colonies contained either both of the genome segments or only one of the two genome segments of interest. To summarise, the simultaneous expression of VP2 and VP6 from rotavirus GR10924 G9P[6] was not successful in bacteria or yeast, but it was possible to soluble express the bacterial codon optimised GR10924 G9P[6] VP6 in bacteria using the pETDuet-1 as expression vector. / MSc (Biochemistry), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

Globally an estimated 33.4 million people were living with HIV/AIDS by 2008 (UNAIDS, 2009a:7). One of the main challenges facing the Republic of South Africa (RSA) today is the HIV/AIDS epidemic (NSP, 2007:17). By mid-year 2011 an estimated 5.38 million people (10.6% of the total population) were living with HIV/AIDS in the RSA (Statistics South Africa, 2011:2). Currently South Africa has the largest number of people enrolled in the Highly Active Antiretroviral Treatment programme (HAART) in the world (WHO, 2008:59). The objective of this study was to determine retrospectively the medicine treatment patterns of HAART at a district hospital in the North West Province of South Africa. The study was conducted at Thusong hospital in the Ditsobotla sub-district of the North West Province of South Africa. A non-experimental, retrospective, cross-sectional, drug utilisation research methodology was used to obtain the data. The target population included patients of all ages who visited Thusong hospital pharmacy during the data collection period, which commenced on 01 February 2012 and ended on 31 March 2012. The data of three hundred and ninety nine (N=399) adult and one hundred and sixty one (N=161) paediatric patients on HAART were used. The adult female patients accounted for almost 70% (n=276, 69.17%) and the adult male patients for only 30% (n=123, 30.83%). The male paediatric patients represented just over 60% (n=97, 60.25%), whereas the female paediatric patients comprised less than 40% (n=64, 39.75%). The majority of adult patients were unmarried (n=323, 80.95%) and this group of patients were also the youngest group (μ=36.38 ± 8.98 years) on ARV treatment. Almost 86% (85.96%, n=343) of adult patients were registered as unemployed. Ninety two (n=92, 23.06%) adult patients and fifty eight (n=58, 36.03%) paediatric patients defaulted treatment during the defined period. The investigation into the adult medicine treatment patterns revealed that more than half (52.38%, n=209) of all the adult patients were receiving regimen 1atn (EFV, TDF and 3TC), followed by 20.80% (n=83) on regimen 1a (EFV, D4T and 3TC). Most paediatric patients (n=73, 45.34%) were on regimen P1c (EFV, D4T and 3TC) and the second most (n=45, 27.95%) were on regimen P1a (D4T, 3TC and LPV/r). The average weight of adult female patients was 57.18kg (± 15.78kg) and the average adult male patient weighed 55.87kg (± 10.17kg) on initiation of HAART. The average adult male patient was initiated on HAART with a CD4 count of 130cells/mm3 (± 99.45cells/mm3), while for adult female patients it was 160cells/mm3 (± 96.52cells/mm3). The average male child was initiated with a CD4 count of 509.1cells/mm3 and the average female paediatric patient with 477.3cells/mm3. The average viral load for adult female patients on initiation of HAART was 103046copies/mm3 (± 189146copies/mm3) and for adult male patients it was 416600copies/mm3 (± 439746copies/mm3). The difference between the viral load of adult female and male patients were described as statistically (p=0.0006) and practically (d=0.713) significant. The average viral load for female paediatric patients on initiation of HAART was 242207copies/mm3 (± 709133copies/mm3) and for male paediatric patients it was 329734copies/mm3 (± 674532copies/mm3). Adult patients that received HAART at more than 12 consultations revealed an average weight gain of 3.43kg (± 8.11kg) from initiation of treatment. This group also showed an average increase of 214.71cells/mm3 (± 248.24cells/mm3) in CD4 count and an average reduction in viral load of 170944copies/mm3 (± 191854.69copies/mm3) from the day they started HAART up to the last date of receiving treatment. The paediatric patients on treatment for more than 12 consultations showed an average weight gain of 6.56kg (± 3.75kg) from initiation of ARV treatmentup to the last date of receiving treatment. They also showed an average increase in CD4 count of 396.63cells/mm3 (± 594.53cells/mm3) and a very encouraging average decrease of 538369.37copies/mm3 (± 948634.46copies/mm3) in the viral load. / MPham (Pharmacy Practice), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

Text in Afrikaans with summaries in Afrikaans and English / Where do we find the first evidence of a belief in life after death, and a divide or separation in the afterlife? We find answers in the primal and traditional religions in Africa and America, Hinduism, Buddhism, Egypt, Babylonia, Persia, Hellenism, the Bible and the apocrypha. There had been a preparation for the work and words of Jesus. He is unique. After His death and resurrection as historical figure, He never died again. He is our guarantee for life after death. His Gospel includes eternal heaven as well as eternal hell. He is proclaimed as Saviour. The New Testament uses metaphors to convey the reality of heaven and hell. Not only do we find kerugma about the afterlife, but also information. The message has also transformation as a goal. / Hier word ondersoek waar die eerste getuienis gevind kan word dat die mens in die lewe na die dood begin glo het. Daarna word ondersoek waar ons die eerste getuienis vind dat mense begin glo het in 'n skeiding na die dood. Hier word antwoorde gevind by die primate religiee, die tradisionele godsdienste van Afrika en Amerika, die vroee-Hindoelsme van Indie; die Boeddhisme; Egipte; Babilonie (Irak); die Zoroastrisme van Persie (Iran); die Hellenisme van die Grieks-Romeinse wereld; die Ou Testament; die apokaliptiek in die apokriewe - die Intertestamentere literatuur en die Nuwe Testament. Daar was 'n voorbereiding vir die koms van Jesus Christus. As gevolg van sy kruisdood en opstanding staan Jesus uit as historiese figuur in die wereldgeskiedenis. Hy is uniek. Na sy opstanding het Hy nooit weer gesterf nie. Jesus Christus is die waarborg dat mense ook sal lewe na die dood. In sy prediking het Hy by sekere elemente van die bestaande gedagtes oor die lewe na die dood aangesluit. Hy het verkondig dat daar 'n hemel en 'n hel sal wees as ewige seen of ewige straf. Die Evangelie hied die realiteite van die hemel en die hel in beeldspraak aan, om daardeur die dringende boodskap tuis te bring. Christus word verkondig as die Verlosser van sondeskuld en die ewige straf, tot die ewige ]ewe. Die gegewens in die Nuwe Testament oor die hemel en die hel het dus nie net steeds kerugmatiese waarde nie, maar dit bevat ook inligting (informasie) en het ook transformasie ten doel. / Systematic Theology and Theological Ethics / D.Th. (Systematic Teology)

The contention of this study is that missiological cell group praxis is an appropriate vehicle to mobilize the local church for world evangelization - centrifugally reaching from "Jerusalem" and "Judea and Samaria" to the "ends of the earth (Acts 1:8). Methodologically it follows the pastoral circle of Holland & Henriot and investigates the missiological praxis of various small faith communities. The principles of the cosmological framework of Calvisnism (Kuyper, Dooyeweerd) are brought to bear on the missionary endeavours of the local church, with reference to the Dutch Reformed Church in South Africa. It argues for a missiologically integrated Cell Church, based on a definition of mission and evangelism, which is aimed at overcoming the fragmented missiological situation in mainline churches. This study argues that these small groups function as the basic cells of the local and universal Church, and shows how these communities come into existence and function as missiological outreach groups. / Christian Spirituality Church History and Missiology / M. Th. (Missiology)

Summaries in Afrikaans, English and German / Text in Afrikaans / 'n Ondersoek na die teologiese inhoud van die Evangeliese ; Gesange is geYnisieer nadat vasgestel is dat sodanige studie nog nie voorheen in Suid-Af rika in Geref ormeerde kringe onderneem is nie. Aangesien die geskiedenis en die f undering van die kerklied deur ander navorsers reeds volledig uitgewerk is, is hoofstuk 1 bloot 'n inleidende oorsig wat die agtergrond van die studie verskaf. In hoofstuk 2 is 'n kategorisering van die Gesange in extenso gedoen en in hoofstuk 3 is die inhoud van die kategoriee kortliks beskryf. Die doel hiermee is om vas te stel oor watter onderwerpe die meeste gesing word en waar die lakunes voorkom. Aan die hand van hierdie kategorisering is daar uiteindelik vyf onderwerpe afgebaken wat ooglopend Bybelsteologiese leemtes of selfs afwykings vertoon wat in die toekoms aangespreek behoort te word. Die onderwerpe is onderskeidelik: die Godsbeskouing, die skepping, die sonde, die doop en die toekomsverwagting. In hoof stuk 4 het hierdie onderwerpe af sonderlik ender die soeklig gekom. Daar is o.a. gevind dat die inhoud van die Gesange 'n duidelike reflektering is van die tradisionele kerkleer en dus nie volkome daartoe in staat is om die moderne mens (die jeug veral!) aan te spreek nie. Die gevolgtrekking waartoe die navorser geraak het, is dat liedere wat die eietyds geloofsproblematiek aanspreek 'n sine qua non geword het. Die navorsing oor die inhoud van die Gesange het voorts ook vreemde teologiese aksente uitgewys. So bv. is daar 'n duidelike invloed van die Grieks platonistiese dualisme te bespeur waar die Jenseitige teenoor die Diesseitige af gespeel word. Di t het veral aan die lig gekom met die bespreking oor die skepping. Eodem modo is daar spore van die Pietistiese individualisme in die Gesange aangetref waar die vertikale belewing met God (bekering, heiliging) die horisontale belewing van verantwoordelikheid, oorskadu! Hierdie sending, aanbevelings die godsdiens omgewingsbewaring) is in hoof stuk krities-waarderende opmerkings saamgevat. / Research into the theological content of the Evangelical Hymns was initiated after it was established that such a study had not been attempted in South Africa in Reformed circles. Since the history and grounding of the church hymn have already been discussed in full by other researchers, chapter 1 merely offers an introductory review which provides some background to the study. In chapter 2 a categorisation of the Hymns was done in extenso and chapter 3, in turn, deals with the contents of each specific category. The aim is to determine which subjects are prevalent in Hymns and which ones are not addressed at all. On the basis of this categorisation, five subjects were finally defined which revealed obvious biblical-theological lacunae, if not deviations, all of which need to be addressed in the future. The subjects are: the ways of thinking about God, the creation, sin, baptism and hopes for the future. In chapter 4 these subjects were examined in detail. It was proved, inter alia, that the contents of the Hymns clearly reflect the traditional church doctrine and consequently fail to a large extent to address modern man (especially the young people of our time). The conclusion reached by the researcher is that Hymns addressing the contemporary problematic nature of faith have become a sine qua non. Furthermore, research on the contents of the Hymns also revealed foreign theological accents such as clear influences of the Greek Platonistic dualism where the Jenseitige is compared to the Diesseitige. This became particularly evident in the discussion on the creation. Eodem modo traces of the Pietistic indiviudalism were detected in the Hymns, where the vertical experience of God (conversion, sanctification) completely overshadows the horizontal experience of religion (social responsibility, mission work, nature conservation)! Chapter 5 comprises these recommendations in the form of remarks of a criticalappreciation nature. / Eine Untersuchung in Bezug auf den theologischen Inhalt der Evangelischen Kirchenlieder wurde in die Wege geleitet nachdem festgestellt wurde, daB ein solches Studium noch nie vorhin in Ref ormierten Kreisen in Slidaf rika vorgenommen worden war. Da die Geschichte und die Fundierung des Kirchenliedes von andern Forschern schon in all en Einzelheiten ausgearbeitet worden sind, bietet Kapitel 1 bloB eine einleitende Ubersicht als Hintergrund flir das Studium. In Kapitel 2 wurden die Kirchenlieder in extenso nach Kategorien geordnet und in Kapitel 3 findet sich der Inhalt jeder einzelnen Kategorie vor. Es sollte festgestellt werden, welche Themen sich am meisten in den Kirchenliedern erkennen lassen und welche liberhaupt nicht berlihrt werden. An Hand dieser Anordnung in Kategorien wurden zum Schluss flinf Themen definiert, die augenfiillig biblisch-theologische Lucken, wenn nicht sogar Abweichungen, offenbaren; es sind Themen, denen in der Zukunft zweifellos einem gerechten Platz Gottesauffassung, die zukommen sollen. Die themen sind: Schopfung, Siinde, die Taufe und Zukunftserwartungen. In Kapitel 4 wurden diese Themen in allen Einzelheiten untersucht. Es stellte sich unter anderern heraus, das der Inhalt der Kirchenlieder eine klare Widerspiegelung der traditionellen Kirchenlehre ist und deshalb den Ansprilchen des modernen Menschen (vor allern der Jugend) nicht vollig gerecht werden konnen. Die schluflfolgerung des Forschers ist deshalb, das Lieder, welche den zeitgenossischen Glaubensproblernatik berilhren, eine sine qua non geworden sind. Die Forschung in Bezug auf den Inhalt der Kirchenlieder offenbarte weiterhin auch fremde theologische Akzente. Es laflt sich zurn Beispiel einen deutlichen Einfluss des griechisch-platonistischen Dualismus aufweisen wo das Jenseitige dern Diesseitigen gegenilbergestellt wird. Es wurde besonders deutlich in der Diskussion Uber die Schopfung. Eodem modo offenbarte sich Spuren eines pietistischen Individualismus in den Liedern wo das vertikale Gotteserlebnis (Bekehrung, Heiligung) das horizontale Erlebnis der Religion (soziale Verantwortung, Missionsarbeit, Naturbewahrung) vollig in den Schatten stelltl Diese Ernpfehlungen wurden in Kapitel 5 in der Form kritisch-bewertenden Anrnerkungen zusanunengefasst. / Philosophy, Practical & Systematic Theology / D. Th. (Systematic Theology)

The purpose of this study is to examine and analyse how corruption can have different outcome on economic growth. A clear  division can be seen in Sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia where corruption have different economic outcomes. The countries in this study are the following: Botswana,  Nigeria, Kenya, South Africa, South Korea, Thailand, Vietnam and Indonesia. The thesis composes of data over corruption indexes, annual growth in GDP, and socio-economic indicators such as political stability and Rule  of Law. The result from theassembled statistics is analysed through the Principal -Agent theory as well as previous research. Previous research includes both positive and negative studies on corruption. The  conclusion is that corruption has not a direct effect on economic growth but socio-economic indicators have an important role to explain the different outcome on corruption. The Principal-Agent theory helps us to un derstand the structure of the governmental body and the outcome of corruption.

Thesis (DPhil (Social Work))--Stellenbosch University, 2008. / The policy statements of South Africa stipulate that students of social work have to be led in an interactive way during teaching and learning in order to prepare them for their career, but also to attain the outcomes of the current tertiary education system of South Africa. These outcomes have, among others, the purpose of empowering students to develop into critical thinkers. During the mentioned teaching and learning process students are given the opportunity of bringing their own diverse frames of reference and experiences to the learning situation and share with one another. Because different inputs are accommodated in the teaching- and learning process, students get the opportunity to appreciate their own diversity, that of their fellow students, as well as the diversity of society. Students can consciously reflect on this and so doing understand theory better and eventually integrate it. Lecturers in social work are not necessarily prepared and equipped to teach effectively within the mentioned context. Although teaching and learning in social work is unique, the effectiveness of the process of teaching and learning depends on the implementation of a suitable teaching style by the lecturer, as well as the fitting of this style to the particular learning style of the students by which empowering teaching and learning is facilitated. In this research, the Huguenot College, Wellington was used as a case study to critically study the application of interactive teaching and learning. A combined qualitative and quantitative research method was used to involve the final year students in social work in an exploratory study. Eight principal themes, including the traditional Christian character of the Huguenot College and the preferred method of study of the students were researched. Significant findings of this study indicate that: • The students in social work at the Huguenot College are of the opinion that the Christian character of this institute should be preserved to play a role in teaching and learning and that the appropriate accommodation of the diverse spiritual needs of the students augments the effectiveness of the teaching and learning process. • The students in social work at the Huguenot College prefer to study according to a combination of the Assimilative Study Method (observe-and-think) and the Convergent Study Method (think-and-do). These two learning styles correspond with the expectations of the outcomes based education system, according to which, among others, students are expected to be critical thinkers in effective teaching and learning. • Lecturers in social work impair the effective handling of diversity during teaching and learning because class discussions on sensitive issues are ignored and the lecturers do not demonstrate adequate knowledge and understanding of the differences among students in a diverse context. In conclusion the recommendations of this study are given as guidelines for lecturers in social work in order to optimize interactive teaching and learning. The most important recommendations resulting from this study indicate that: • The most relevant and appropriate way in which the Christian character of the Huguenot College can be accommodated has to be examined and implemented and the Christian church communities have to become involved in an appropriate way as co-role players in the teaching and learning of prospective social workers. • The course of the historic events at the Huguenot College must be utilized to stimulate the critical thinking process of the students. • Lecturers in social work must make a concerted effort to increase interactive teaching and learning in social work by, for example, fitting the unique learning styles of the students to appropriate teaching styles in a creative way with the view to optimizing the teaching and learning process.

Thesis (MSc(Agric)) -- Stellenbosch University, 1966. / INLEIDING: Die ontstaan van kooperasiewese kan teruggevoer word na die jaar 1844 toe 28 wewers van Rochdale in Engeland 'n suksesvolle koöperatiewe verbruikswinkel geloods het. Die sogenaamde Rochdale-pioniers word veral onthou vanweë die feit dat hulle die beginsels van koöperasiewese duidelik geformuleer het. In Suid-Afrika speel landboukoöperasie vandag 'n belangrike rol in die bemarking van landbouprodukte, die verskaffing van boerderybenodighede en die lewering van dienste aan boere. Koöperasies is, veral in die beginjare, meesal gestig met die doel om gebreke in die bemarking en verwerking van landbouprodukte te oorbrug. In Suid-Afrika het koöperasiewese ontwikkel sedert die twintigste eeu toe 'n Ier, Mnr. P.J. Hannon na die land gebring is om te dien as superintendent van landboukoöperasies. Vandaar het dit ontwikkel tot feitlik al die sektore van die landboubedryf in Suid-Afrika.