Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in the western world for people over 60 years of age. The most severe pathological event of AMD is choroidal neovascularization (CNV), the process of new vessel formation emerging from the choroid. The new vessels extend into the normally avascular photoreceptor cell layer, where they leak fluid and cause photoreceptor cell death. CNV is thought to be initiated by hypoxia and chronic inflammation, which occur due to abnormal, age-related changes within the retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE). These events cause increased expression of the angiogenic protein vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) via hypoxiainducible factor-1 (HIF-1), a transcription factor that is vital in regulation of cellular responses to hypoxic and inflammatory conditions. Increased VEGF signaling stimulates proliferation and migration of vascular endothelial cells and facilitates the neovascular process. To target the early pathological events that lead to CNV, we have engineered a novel gene therapy vector that uses HIF-1 regulation to stimulate production of an angiostatic protein, endostatin from the RPE. The purpose of this study was to characterize the activity of our hypoxiaregulated, RPE-specific promoter in vitro, and investigate the effects of regulated endostatin expression, driven by our regulated promoter, on CNV in a mousemodel. We found the regulated promoter construct has robust activity in vitro only in RPE cells, and is conditionally responsive in hypoxic conditions. / In the laserinduced CNV model, CNV area was 80% smaller (P<0.0001) in eyes treated with the hypoxia-regulated, RPE-specific endostatin vector than in untreated eyes. CNV area was equally reduced in eyes treated with an unregulated endostatin vector (CMV-endostatin). However, less endostatin protein was detected in eyes treated with the regulated vector. Since it is unknown whether broad and constitutive endostatin expression will have damaging effects within the retina, it may be safer to limit its expression to pathological conditions. We have demonstrated that local, hypoxia-regulated expression of endostatin can effectively inhibit CNV, and thus, offers the further possibility of a prophylactic treatment for neovascular AMD. / by George Wesley Tyler Smith. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2010. / Includes bibliography. / Electronic reproduction. Boca Raton, Fla., 2010. Mode of access: World Wide Web.

O crescente aumento da expectativa de vida tem culminado na constante preocupação com qualidade de vida na população idosa. A corrida de rua é um dos esportes que mais adquiriu adeptos dessa faixa etária. Alguns estudos têm reportado um aumento no número de lesões associado a este aumento do número de praticantes. As alterações teciduais decorrentes do envelhecimento biológico podem alterar a mecânica da corrida nos idosos e deixá-los mais susceptíveis a lesões. Contudo, ainda é desconhecido se tais efeitos realmente provocam esses resultados. O objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar a cinemática da corrida em adultos e idosos. Foram analisados 17 adultos (31±6 anos) e 17 idosos (69±2 anos) recrutados voluntariamente para o estudo. Os sujeitos correram em uma esteira ergométrica nas velocidades de 8 e 11 km/h (idosos) e 11 e 14 km/h (idosos). Os sujeitos foram filmados por quatro câmeras de vídeo com freqüência de 120 Hz durante a corrida em esteira. Foram realizadas a digitalização e reconstrução das coordenadas dos pontos digitalizados no espaço real a partir das imagens das quatro câmeras e da calibração pelo método DLT. Os idosos apresentaram menor excursão de movimentos de flexão do joelho e de rotação medial da tíbia. Aparentemente os idosos apresentaram maior assincronia entre os movimentos do retropé e do joelho em relação aos adultos. Esses resultados sugerem que os idosos adotam padrões de movimentos diferentes dos adultos durante a fase de apoio da corrida. A prescrição de exercícios e as estratégias de prevenção de lesões em idosos corredores devem considerar essas diferenças / The growing increase of the life expectancy has been culminating in the constant preoccupation in quality of life in the elderly people. Running is one of the sports that has gained more participants in this age group. Some studies have shown an increase of the number of injuries associated with the increasing number of runners. The tissues changes resulting from the aging can alter the mechanics of the elderly running and leave them more susceptible to injuries. Nevertheless it is still unknown if such effects really cause changes in the mechanics of running in the elderly population. The objective of the present study is to compare the kinematics of the adults and elderly runner. Seventeen adults and 17 elderly runners participated in this study. The subjects ran in a treadmill at two different speeds: 8 and 11 km/h for elderly and 11-14 for adults. The subjects were filmed by four camcorders at 120 Hz. The digitizing and reconstruction of the coordinates of the digitized points were made at APAS System and calibrated with the DLT method. The elderly runners have showed a lower knee flexion excursion and lower tibial internal rotation excursion. It seems that elderly runners presented more asynchrony between rearfoot and knee joint movement than young adults. These results suggest that elderly runners adopted different movement patterns when compared with adults during the stance phase of running. The prescriptions of physical activities and strategies for injury prevention in elderly runners must consider the findings of the present study

As quedas que são consideradas um problema de saúde pública, vêm expressivamente acometer a população idosa e pode ocasionar consequências físicas e sociais. Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar o perfil demográfico, de saúde e ambiental dos idosos e dos caidores, além de suas atitudes de risco. Tratou-se de um estudo observacional e transversal, realizado no município de Araraquara-SP, com envolvimento de 100 indivíduos, assistidos pela ESF. Os participantes foram escolhidos pelos prontuários, após, foram entrevistados em suas residências no período de agosto a dezembro de 2012. O formulário modificado baseado no estudo Saúde, Bem-estar e Envelhecimento foi utilizado contendo informações gerais, hábitos pessoais, atividade física, estado de saúde, histórico de quedas, estado funcional, característica da moradia, risco comportamental e antropometria. Os idosos (caidores ou não) e caidores eram maioria do sexo feminino, viúvos, baixa escolaridade e possuíam filhos. Predominaram aqueles que nunca fumaram, não ingeriam bebida alcoólica ou menos que um dia ao mês, administravam de 1 a 3 medicamentos e realizavam o nível moderado de atividade física. Quanto a auto-percepção de saúde, ambos os grupos diziam ser boa, referiam sua saúde comparada a 12 meses atrás como igual, e diziam ter saúde melhor comparada a pessoas da mesma idade; em relação a doença auto-relatada, prevaleceu a hipertensão arterial, e o quadro álgico esteve presente na maioria dos grupos, na região das costas. Em relação ao índice de massa corporal, em geral, eram eutróficos, e sobre o nível de dependência, predominaram os independentes nas atividades de vida diária. Quanto aos aspectos ambientais foram observados na entrada das casas rampas e no interior, tapetes soltos. O comportamento de risco no idoso mais evidente foi vestir calça em pé e para os caidores, não utilizar iluminação quando entrar em cômodo escuro. Esta pesquisa auxiliou a descrever os aspectos envolvidos na população e seu ambiente sobre a ação de cair. / Falls are considered a public health problem, come significantly affect the elderly population and can cause physical and social consequences. This study aimed to identify the demographic, health and environmental elderly and fallers, and their risk attitudes. This study was observational, cross-sectional conducted in the city of Araraquara-SP, involving 100 subjects, assisted by the Family Health Strategy. Participants were chosen by the records, and were interviewed in their homes during the period August to December 2012. The modified form based on the study Health, Wellbeing and Aging was used containing general information, personal habits, physical activity, health status, history of falls, functional status, housing characteristics, behavioral risk and anthropometry. The elderly (fallers and not it) and fallers were mostly female, widowed, low education and had son. Those who never smoked predominated, did not drink alcohol or less than one day per month, administered 1-3 drugs and performed the moderate level of physical activity. As the self-perception of health, both groups were said to be \"good\", reported their health compared to 12 months ago as \"equal\", and claimed to have health \"better\" compared to people of the same age, in relation to self-reported illness, prevalent hypertension and arthritis, rheumatism and arthrosis, his pain was present in most groups in the region of \"back.\" In relation to body mass index, in general, were eutrophic, and the level of dependence, those independent predominated the activities of daily living. Regarding environmental aspects were observed in the entrance of houses ramps and inside, loose rugs. The most obvious risk behavior in the elderly was \"wearing trousers standing\" and the fallers \"do not use lights when entering dark room.\" This research helped to describe the issues involved in the population and its environment on the action of falling.

O Brasil é um país permeado pela diversidade religiosa e em relação aos idosos, a religião é reconhecida como fonte de apoio, pois ajuda a encontrar sentido em situações negativas, aceitar a si mesmo e a se aproximar de religiosos que podem oferecer apoio emocional e ajudá-los a encontrar sentido no sofrimento. Este estudo teve como objetivo conhecer o perfil religioso e a importância dada à religião pelos idosos residentes no município de São Paulo e sua associação com condições de saúde. É um estudo longitudinal, descritivo e exploratório, com abordagem quantitativa, que faz parte do Estudo SABE Saúde, Bem estar e Envelhecimento, realizado com idosos no município de São Paulo, em 2000, que foram reentrevistados em 2006. Os dados foram coletados através de questionário padronizado, com a intenção de traçar o panorama religioso e a importância dada à religião pelas pessoas idosas. Foi utilizado o Qui-Quadrado de Pearson para as análises, ajustado pelo Rao Scott e o nível de confiança estabelecido foi de 95%. Em 2000 foi obtida uma amostra de 2143 idosos e, em 2006, esta foi composta por 1115 idosos. A maioria dos idosos pertence a alguma religião tanto em 2000 (97,6%) como em 2006 (98,0%), e se concentram principalmente na religião católica, evangélica e espírita. Em relação ao gênero, os homens são predominantes nas religiões católica e judaica, enquanto há maior referência de mulheres entre os evangélicos/protestantes, espíritas e orientais/budistas. Quanto à idade entre os longevos, há maior proporção de católicos e uma queda entre aqueles que referiram não ter nenhuma religião com o passar dos anos (2,4% em 2000 e 1,7% em 2006). A maioria dos idosos refere um credo religioso, sendo predominante entre as mulheres (p=0,0000 em 2000 e p=0,0155 em 2006) e entre os viúvos (p=0,0426). O maior número de doenças e a pior condição de saúde foram relacionados principalmente aos idosos sem credo religioso. A importância atribuída à religião é maior entre as mulheres, os mais idosos, e aqueles que referem melhor condição de saúde. Apesar da importância atribuída à religião em 2000 (88,8%), ela passa a ser mais relevante ainda em 2006 (92,7%). A maioria dos idosos refere que encontra na religião fortalecimento (89,3%), auxílio para enfrentar dificuldades (87,2%) e que ela oferece total ou muito sentido a vida dos mesmos (87,9%). Portanto, conclui-se que a religião tem se tornado cada vez mais importante para os idosos e tem sido identificada como fonte de apoio social e enfrentamento para as dificuldades da vida, além de significado de vida diante do processo de saúde e envelhecimento. / Brazil in a country permeated by religious diversity, and in relation to the elderly, religion is known as a source of support because it helps to find a way to face negative situations, accept themselves and approaching religious people who can offer emotional support and help them to find a meaning in suffering. The aim of this study was to know the religious profile and the importance given to religion by the elderly residents in São Paulo city- Brazil, and its association with health status. It´s a longitudinal, descriptive and exploratory study, with quantitative approach, part of the SABE Study- Saúde, Bem-estar e Envelhecimento- Health, Wellbeing and Aging, in English-, performed with elderly people in São Paulo in the year 2000 and again in 2006. Data were collected by a standard questionnaire, with the intention of mapping religious landscape and the importance given to religion by the elderly. For the analyses, Pearson´s chi-square test, adjusted by Rao Scott, was used and the confidence level was 95%. In 2000, the sample was composed by 2143 elderly and in 2006, by 1115. Most seniors have any religion in 2000 (97,6%) and in 2006 (98,0%). Catholicism, Spiritualism and Evangelical are the main religions. In relation to gender, men are predominant in Catholicism and Judaism and women are the majority in Evangelical, Spiritualism and Buddhism/Oriental religions. In relation to age, among the oldest old, there is a higher proportion of Catholics, and decrease of those that reported having no religion over the years (2,4% in 2000 e 1,7% in 2006). Most seniors refers to have religion beliefs, being more prevalent among women (p=0,0000 in 2000 e p=0,0155 in 2006) and among widowed (p=0,0426). The greatest number of diseases and the worst status of health are related, principally, to elderly with no religion belief. The importance given to religion is higher among women, oldest old, and those who reported better health status. Despite the relevant given importance to religion in 2000 (88,8%), it becomes even more relevant in 2006 (92,7%). Most of elderly refers that religion gives strengthening (89,3%), assistance to face difficulties (87,2%), and meaning to life (87,9%). Therefore, it is concluded that religion has becoming increasingly important for the elderly and has been identified as a source of social support and coping with the life´s difficulties, and meaning to life facing health and aging process.

Oxidative stress (OS) is strongly implicated in age-related neurodegeneration and other diseases. Under OS, the production of excessive oxidants leads to increased damages to cellular components. Recently, RNA has been discovered as a major target of oxidative damage, including the creation of abasic sites. In this work, we developed a method for quantifying abasic RNA in cell. Using this method, we have examined the potential role of the RNA-processing cellular foci, stress granule (SG) and processing bodies (PB) in eliminating abasic RNA in situ. We demonstrated that RNA is a major target of oxidative damage, constituting the majority of OS-induced abasic nucleic acids in HeLa cell. Importantly, the level of abasic RNA is strongly correlated with SG abundance. Furthermore, inhibition of SG/PB formation causes accumulation of abasic RNA, suggesting that SG/PB participates in removing oxidized RNA and protects cells under OS, which offers novel targets for therapeutic intervention in age-related diseases. / Includes bibliography. / Thesis (M.S.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2016. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

As quedas que são consideradas um problema de saúde pública, vêm expressivamente acometer a população idosa e pode ocasionar consequências físicas e sociais. Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar o perfil demográfico, de saúde e ambiental dos idosos e dos caidores, além de suas atitudes de risco. Tratou-se de um estudo observacional e transversal, realizado no município de Araraquara-SP, com envolvimento de 100 indivíduos, assistidos pela ESF. Os participantes foram escolhidos pelos prontuários, após, foram entrevistados em suas residências no período de agosto a dezembro de 2012. O formulário modificado baseado no estudo Saúde, Bem-estar e Envelhecimento foi utilizado contendo informações gerais, hábitos pessoais, atividade física, estado de saúde, histórico de quedas, estado funcional, característica da moradia, risco comportamental e antropometria. Os idosos (caidores ou não) e caidores eram maioria do sexo feminino, viúvos, baixa escolaridade e possuíam filhos. Predominaram aqueles que nunca fumaram, não ingeriam bebida alcoólica ou menos que um dia ao mês, administravam de 1 a 3 medicamentos e realizavam o nível moderado de atividade física. Quanto a auto-percepção de saúde, ambos os grupos diziam ser boa, referiam sua saúde comparada a 12 meses atrás como igual, e diziam ter saúde melhor comparada a pessoas da mesma idade; em relação a doença auto-relatada, prevaleceu a hipertensão arterial, e o quadro álgico esteve presente na maioria dos grupos, na região das costas. Em relação ao índice de massa corporal, em geral, eram eutróficos, e sobre o nível de dependência, predominaram os independentes nas atividades de vida diária. Quanto aos aspectos ambientais foram observados na entrada das casas rampas e no interior, tapetes soltos. O comportamento de risco no idoso mais evidente foi vestir calça em pé e para os caidores, não utilizar iluminação quando entrar em cômodo escuro. Esta pesquisa auxiliou a descrever os aspectos envolvidos na população e seu ambiente sobre a ação de cair. / Falls are considered a public health problem, come significantly affect the elderly population and can cause physical and social consequences. This study aimed to identify the demographic, health and environmental elderly and fallers, and their risk attitudes. This study was observational, cross-sectional conducted in the city of Araraquara-SP, involving 100 subjects, assisted by the Family Health Strategy. Participants were chosen by the records, and were interviewed in their homes during the period August to December 2012. The modified form based on the study Health, Wellbeing and Aging was used containing general information, personal habits, physical activity, health status, history of falls, functional status, housing characteristics, behavioral risk and anthropometry. The elderly (fallers and not it) and fallers were mostly female, widowed, low education and had son. Those who never smoked predominated, did not drink alcohol or less than one day per month, administered 1-3 drugs and performed the moderate level of physical activity. As the self-perception of health, both groups were said to be \"good\", reported their health compared to 12 months ago as \"equal\", and claimed to have health \"better\" compared to people of the same age, in relation to self-reported illness, prevalent hypertension and arthritis, rheumatism and arthrosis, his pain was present in most groups in the region of \"back.\" In relation to body mass index, in general, were eutrophic, and the level of dependence, those independent predominated the activities of daily living. Regarding environmental aspects were observed in the entrance of houses ramps and inside, loose rugs. The most obvious risk behavior in the elderly was \"wearing trousers standing\" and the fallers \"do not use lights when entering dark room.\" This research helped to describe the issues involved in the population and its environment on the action of falling.

Neste estudo, de natureza qualitativa, conduzido segundo a abordagem fenomenológica, tendo como sujeitos as pessoas idosas, ou seja, com 60 anos de idade ou mais, freqüentadoras de dois Centros de Convivência do Idoso, localizados na cidade de Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. busquei a compreensão da vivência do envelhecer. A opção pela fenomenologia se deu pelo fato da minha busca ser no sentido de compreender a experiência vivida pelo sujeito que está envelhecendo, descrevendo a mesma sob a perspectiva da pessoa idosa. Utilizei os recursos da entrevista fenomenológica, conforme proposto por Carvalho (1987), tendo como questão norteadora \"Como é chegar a esta idade? Viver tantos anos?\" Deste modo, ao interrogar qual o significado de viver até a chamada terceira idade, encontrei sentido para a prática de enfermagem voltada a essas pessoas que, talvez, possa contribuir para uma formação acadêmica mais humana, visando a assistência integral a este segmento populacional significativo na nossa sociedade, compreendendo quem é este ser humano a quem cuido. As principais preocupações das pessoas entrevistadas são mostrar que não perdem sua identidade por ficarem velhas e, às vezes, apesar da idade cronológica, não se sentem envelhecidas; esperam o reconhecimento enquanto cidadãs, reafirmam que ter saúde é essencial e as possibilita manter autonomia sobre suas vidas; enfatizam a importância do apoio, da convivência e do cuidado na família; valorizam a independência financeira e evitam falar sobre a finitude do ser humano. / In this study, of qualitative nature, driven according to the sight phenomenological, we have as subjects the older person, with 60 years of age or plus, visitors of two Centers of Coexistence of the Elder, located in the city of Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, I looked for the understanding of the existence of the aging. The option for the phenomenology felt for the need of understanding the experience lived by the subject that it is aging, describing that experience under the old person\'s perspective. Did I use the presuppositions of the interview phenomenological, as proposed by Carvalho (1987), establishing the following question \"As it is to arrive that age? How is it to live so many years?\" This way, when interrogating which the meaning of living to the call third age, I found sense for the practice of returned nursing the those people that, maybe, it can contribute to a more human academic formation, seeking the intere attendance to that significant population\'s segment in our society, understanding that he is of who we had the care. The main concerns of the interviewees were: to show that they don\'t lose their identity because they age and, sometimes, in spite of the chronological age, they don\'t feel old; they wait for the recognition while citizens, and it reinforces that to have the health it is essential and she makes possible to maintain the autonomy about their lives; they give emphasis to the importance of the support, of the coexistence and of the care in the family; the financial independence and they also value they avoid to talk about the human being\'s finite condition.

by Leung Man-sing. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1986. / Includes bibliographical references.

This PhD thesis addresses three questions. First, to what extent was the EU’s vision of ‘active ageing’ adopted in EU15 nations between 1995 and 2005? Second, what was the nature of policy reforms in these nations over this time period? Finally, which sub-groups within the older age cohort (here defined as between 50-74)1 were subject to active ageing policies in these countries? The methodology employed was cross-national policy analysis of EU15 nations’ policies for employment and retirement, encompassing the retention and re-engagement of older individuals in the labour market. The policy areas included are unemployment benefits, active labour market policies, state pension ages, early retirement routes and incentives for the deferral of pension receipt, in line with the EU targets and guidelines regarding ‘active ageing’. In addition, model biographies (divided according to age and contribution records) were employed to address the differential policy treatment of individuals within the older age cohort in terms of the various eligibility criteria and policy options available over the ten year period. The data indicates that though EU15 nations have made progress towards the EU policy prescriptions for active ageing, there is variation in a number of respects. First, nations differed in terms of their policy contexts, and as a result had lesser or greater distances to travel towards the EU vision of active ageing. Second, and related, these policy contexts to a degree directed subsequent national reforms and retrenchment, thus resulting in different policy approaches. Finally, at the micro-level, there is variation with regard to the policy treatment of individuals within the age cohort in EU15 nations. As a result, the active ageing policy logic is applied to older individuals differently. In terms of its contributions to knowledge, this thesis therefore provides more nuanced accounts of both the recommodification and reserve army of labour literatures. The recommodification of labour argument suggests that nations are moving away from decommodifying welfare arrangements to focus on the recommodification of labour yet the data demonstrate a great deal of variation in EU15 nations, in terms of their original policies for decommodification, their subsequent retrenchment and the type of policies introduced that recommodify labour. With regard to the reserve army of labour literature, the shift towards active ageing policies is part of a cyclical process whereby older workers are drawn into and ejected from the labour markets in periods of low and high unemployment respectively. The data however indicate that as the political economy of ageing literature suggests, ageing is not a homogenous experience and differential policy treatment within age cohorts maintains and exacerbates divergence at the micro level. Thus whilst the recommodification and reserve army of labour literatures suggest all individuals are being drawn into the labour market, the data emphasises differences at the micro level in terms of policy treatment, in line with the political economy of ageing literature

Orientador: Leandro Pereira de Moura / Banca: José Rodrigo Pauli / Banca: Julio Wilson dos Santos / Resumo: A insulina e o fator neurotrófico derivado do cérebro (BDNF) no hipocampo promovem a plasticidade sináptica e a formação da memória no hipocampo. Por outro lado, o envelhecimento está relacionado ao declínio cognitivo e é o principal fator de risco para a doença de Alzheimer (DA). No entanto, a comunidade científica tem feito grande esforço para elucidar os mecanismos moleculares responsáveis pela patogênese da DA que são disparados pelo envelhecimento. A Proteina Tirosina Fosfatase 1B (PTP1B) está relacionada a vários processos deletérios nos neurônios e pode ser alvo promissor para novas terapias, e também regulada pelo exercício físico. Neste contexto, nosso estudo teve como objetivo investigar as alterações relacionadas com o envelhecimento sobre o conteúdo de PTP1B, sinalização da insulina e conteúdo de β-amilóide no hipocampo de ratos de meia-idade, bem como o possível efeito terapêutico do exercício físico. Ratos Wistar jovens (3 meses de idade) e de meia-idade (sedentários e exercitados) (17 meses de idade) foram submetidos ao teste do Labirinto Aquático de Morris (MWM), ao teste de tolerância à glicose e à análise molecular do tecido hipocampal através da técnica de Western Blot. Os dados foram analisados através da Análise de Variância (ANOVA) one-way com nível de significância estabelecido abaixo de 0,05. Os ratos realizaram protocolo de exercício físico de natação durante 5 dias consecutivos, com 2 horas de duração por dia. Através dos resultados, verificou-se que... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The insulin and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) signaling in the hippocampus promote synaptic plasticity and memory formation. On the other hand, aging is related to the cognitive decline and is the main risk factor for Alzheimer's Disease (DA). Nevertheless, a great effort has been made by the scientific community to elucidate the molecular mechanism of aging-related DA pathogenesis. The Protein-Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) is related to several deleterious processes in neurons and emerges as a promising target for new therapies, like as physical exercise. In this context, our study aims to investigate the age-related changes in hippocampal PTP1B content, insulin signaling, β-amyloid content in the hippocampus of middle-aged rats, and the possible therapeutic effect of exercise. Young (3 months-old) and Middle-aged (17 months-old) Wistar rats were submitted to Morris-water maze (MWM) test, glucose tolerance test, and to molecular analysis in the hippocampus. The rats performed a 2-hour swim physical exercise protocol for 5 consecutive days. Aging resulted in increased body weight, and glucose intolerance and decreases learning process in MWM. Interestingly, the Middle-Aged rats have higher levels of PTPB, and this is related to lower phosphorylation of Insulin Receptor Substrate-1 (IRS-1), Protein Kinase B (Akt), Glycogen Syntase Kinase β (GSK3β), and Tyrosine Kinase Receptor Beta (TrkB). Also, the aging process increased β-amyloid content in the hippocampus. On ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre