Zugl.: Dresden, Techn. Univ., Magisterarbeit

O objetivo principal deste trabalho é analisar o crescimento da Al Jazeera, a rede de TV árabe que mudou a realidade da imprensa no Oriente Médio e em poucos anos se tornou uma das mais vistas no mundo. A rede de TV foi fundada em 1996 em Doha, Catar, durante um período de grandes mudanças no país. Até o ano anterior, um governo conservador limitava os avanços, mas um golpe de Estado levou ao poder o atual Emir, que começou a promover reformas liberais resultando assim em mudanças significativas ao país. A criação da Al Jazeera era parte de um plano de modernização. Em 2001, o canal árabe ganhou notoriedade quando transmitiu os vídeos de Osama Bin Laden. Desde então, o mundo voltou os olhos para o que estava sendo produzido lá. Em 2006, a emissora lançou um canal em inglês, a fim de mostrar as notícias de uma perspectiva árabe. A pesquisa foi baseada na bibliografia especializada e nos trabalhos teóricos de comunicação que complementam com observações in loco e entrevistas com a equipe da Al Jazeera em Doha. Nesta dissertação, analisam-se o contexto de surgimento da Al Jazerra, a cobertura de algumas guerras e transformações, o surgimento de outros veículos e a criação do canal em inglês com o intuito de compreender o processo de consolidação e expansão dessa rede. / The main purpose of this paper is to analyze the growth of Al Jazeera, the Arabic TV network that changed the reality of media in Middle East and in a couple of years became one of the world most watched station. The TV network was founded in 1996 in Doha, Qatar, during a great changing time in the country. Until last year, a conservative government restricted the progress, but a coup brought to power the current Emir, who began promoting liberal reforms resulting in significant changes to the country. The creation of Al Jazeera was part of a modernization plan. In 2001, the Arabic channel gained notoriety when broadcasted videos of Osama Bin Laden. Since then, the world turned its eyes to what was being produced there. In 2006, the station launched a channel in English, in order to show the news from an Arab perspective. The research was based on specialized literature review and theoretical works which complement with on ground observations and interviews given by Al Jazeeras staff in Doha. In this thesis, we analyze the context of the emergence of Al Jazerra, covering wars and some social transformations, the emergence of other media and creating the channel in English, in order to understand the process of consolidation and expansion of this network.

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I september 2015 anslöt sig Ryssland som en militär part till kriget i Syrien genom att börja bomba oppositionella styrkor. I samband med detta hamnade Ryssland och USA ännu en gång på motsatta sidor av en militär konflikt, Ryssland stödjer den syriska regimen, samtidigt som USA tillsammans med flera andra länder, däribland Qatar, stödjer oppositionen. Vi har valt att avgränsa oss till fem specifika händelser under den pågående Syrienkonflikten och tre mediers rapportering av dessa. Medierna som kommer att undersökas är USA- baserade CNN, Ryssland-baserade RT (f.d. Russia Today) och Qatar-baserade Al-Jazeera. Att undersöka dessa tre konkurrenter är intressant då dessa är bland de största medierna i världen och når därmed miljontals människor med sin information. Dessutom står länderna där medierna är baserade i på olika sidor av den väpnade konflikten. Syftet är att undersöka om rapporteringen har varit allsidig eller tendentiös. Dessutom ska uppsatsen undersöka om rapporteringen är opartisk eller propagandistisk. Artiklarna analyseras med hjälp av en av oss konstruerad undersökningsmodell, som tar avstamp i Lundgren, Ney & Thuréns massmedieretoriska analysmodell, och som kompletterats med kritiska frågor hämtade från Hermans och Chomskys teorier om kritik av internationell krigsrapportering samt kriterier hämtade från den svenske statsvetaren Jörgen Westerståhls forskning om objektivitet och opartiskhet i medierapporteringen. Resultatet av undersökningen visar att RTs och CNNs rapportering till stor del var tendentiös, och innehöll det som Herman & Chomsky kallar för propaganda på nästan alla punkter, samtidigt som de uppfyllde väldigt få av Westerståhls punkter för opartiskhet. Vanligast var att båda medierna hade en stor obalans i användningen av vilken part som får komma till tals. Den tendentiösa rapporteringen kan förklaras genom bristen på förstahandskällor, en stor mängd tendentiösa källor - men även hur CNN och RT finansieras. CNNs kommersiella syften, samt det faktum att RT finansieras av den ryska staten, kan vara faktorer som påverkar rapporteringen. Men Al-Jazeeras rapportering såg dock annorlunda ut. I undersökningen hittades inte en enda artikel där någon propagandapunkt uppnåddes, samtidigt som punkterna för opartisk rapportering till största del uppfylldes. Dessutom visades en helt annan allsidighet i rapporteringen från kanalen.

Thesis advisor: William Stanwood / Television news provides information to audiences that help them create meaning from the world around them. This paper explores the relationship between television news and social protest, specifically how television news frames might shape audience perception of social protest as a form of democratic participation. This study utilizes a textual analysis of news stories from NBC, CBS, and Al-Jazeera English in order to compare coverage of social protest in the United States and internationally. Two separate protest issues were studied: Occupy Wall Street and the Arab Spring protests in Tahrir Square in Egypt. Using framing as a theoretical framework, I utilized the three codes of the protest paradigm – narrative structure, official sources, and invocation of public opinion – to analyze thirty news stories about Occupy Wall Street and the Arab Spring. Two codes – the circus and disorganization – emerged during the research. With support from other relevant scholarship, this study concludes that United States network television news acts as a voice of hegemony in the coverage of social protest, framing protest in ways that benefit elites and uphold the status quo. Protest is often delegitimized by news frames that portray protest as a violent activity and protestors as counter-cultural, social outsiders. Al-Jazeera English, in contrast, provides a counter-hegemonic perspective that legitimizes protest as a form of democratic participation used by a diverse cross-section of citizens. / Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2013. / Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Communication Honors Program. / Discipline: Communication.

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Abstract This thesis explores how the cultural and social media environments surrounding the journalism of Al Jazeera English are shaped by and shape the channel’s news practices. Al Jazeera English has been described as a contra-flow news organization in the global media landscape and this thesis discusses the different reasons why the channel is described in this way by looking at its origins, aims, characteristics and ideals. Based on interviews with Al Jazeera English journalists, news observations and two field observations in London, I argue that Al Jazeera English brings cultural and social sensitivity to its news reports by engaging with multiple in-depth perspectives, using local reporters and integrating citizen generated material. The channel’s early adoption of online technologies and citizen journalism also contributes to a more democratic news direction and gives the channel a wider spectrum of opinions and perspectives to choose between. By applying a comparative analysis built on similar studies within anthropology of news journalism differences and similarities within the journalistic practices can be detected, comparing Al Jazeera English’s journalism with journalism at other places and news organizations. These comparisons and discussions enables new understandings for how news is produced and negotiated within the global media landscape, and this gives the global citizen an improved comprehension of why the news, which shapes our appreciation of the world, looks like it does. In conclusion, this awareness opens up for a discussion towards a societal transformation that gives space for a more multifaceted journalism distancing itself from one-sided perspectives and institutional censoring.

Stockholms Universitet, Instutitionen för journalistik, medier och kommunikation JMK, Karlavägen 104 Box 27 861, 115 93 STOCKHOLM Tel: 08-16 20 00 Titel: CCTV och Al Jazeera – likheter och skillnader i de internationella nyhetsprogrammen   Title: CCTV and Al Jazeera –similarities and differences in the international news programs Författare: Hanna Strid, hanna.strid@gmail.com, Marta Kaszuba, marta.kaszuba@hotmail.com. Handledare: Christian Christensen C-uppsats Höstterminen 2013 This essay aims to identify what similarities and differences there are between news broadcastings from Chinese CCTV and Al Jazeera English which has its national headquarters in Qatar. When national channels broadcasts internationally, it is interesting to see what they choose to convey as that day's news flow and how to represent their country. It can depend on many different things such as structures of media ownership in the country and cultural context. The research methods used have been empirical studies and comparative analysis of a total of ten broadcasts of the largest daily newscasts on both channels, both news programmes are called the News Hour. All the news we have watched during the work with this essay we have studied according to Kieth Selby and Ron Cowdery's method of analysis presented in How to Study Television, this gives the essay a high grade of validity. The method has helped us to divide the empirical data into smaller components in order to make it easier to compare them. As a theoretical background we have used Stuart Hall's representation theory and his thoughts on the concept of culture. The theory is applied to verify the empirical data which is compiled in analysis chapter, and the results are discussed. In summary, we have found many similarities and differences between the programs and concluded that the news can never be objective without constantly being created by someone with an underlying idea of ​​the material transmitted. This can be done in many ways, both with a neutral ambition as of Al Jazeera English or on CCTV which often focus on their own country's positive sides and deeds.   Keywords: CCTV, Al Jazeera English, similarities, differences, news flow, national, international, broadcasts, representation, representation theory

This thesis studies the relations between media image, online news design, and the framing of identity. It scrutinizes current images of Arab identity and their representation in Aljazeera Net in order to examine how Aljazeera Net constructs the 'reality' of Arabs. The dissertation begins by defining Arabness in terms of ethnic, cultural and postcolonial identities. It proposes and assesses the sources of Arab identity and examines Arab identity as a source of meanings for Arabs. Likewise, it evaluates the sources of Arab identity in the Arab diaspora. Through the lens of a remediation approach, the study explores newly emerging practices in the representation of news, and investigates how the design of Aljazeera Net alters the construction of meaning in news representation. The frames that govern the representation of Arab identity determine the complexity of the image of Arabness, and reveal the differences between the acknowledged perspectives and evolving identity of Aljazeera. The study conceives Aljazeera Net as a space for the reciprocal relationship between Aljazeera and Arabs in diaspora, and as a site for the overlapping between the local and the global in media representations. Finally, it considers how Arabs in the North American diaspora, particularly Arab media experts, academics and community leaders, perceive their identity, and how they evaluate Aljazeera as a Pan Arab media.

Thesis (MA--Communication Studies) -- Auckland University of Technology, 2004. / Appendices not included in e-thesis. Also held in print (150 leaves, 30 cm.) in Wellesley Theses Collection. (T 070.44995670443 SAR)